Design Thinking Report: Modernizing Education for Student Engagement

This report, titled 'Design Thinking,' examines the modernization of the education industry to enhance student engagement. It begins with a literature review on the importance of modernization, particularly through the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and e-learning practices. The report details how these technologies, including online courses, multimedia, and e-learning platforms, can increase student interest and provide flexibility in learning. The core of the report focuses on the application of design thinking methodology, outlining the steps of empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test to implement e-learning strategies effectively. Findings emphasize the crucial role of innovation in the education sector to meet the evolving needs of students. The conclusion recommends a gradual implementation of changes, teacher training, and prioritizing student preferences within the design thinking model. The report suggests the use of TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) model for training teachers to adequately integrate learning skills in students. The overall aim is to highlight how e-learning and ICT can be leveraged to create a more engaging and effective learning environment, ultimately benefiting the future of education.

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Design Thinking 1
Abstract
The purpose of this research report is to enlighten the reader about the information on the topic,
‘Modernization of education industry to increase student engagement’. The report highlight
details about the literature review on the topic along with the design thinking methodology
related to the topic. The latter part of the report evaluates the findings drawn from the project and
how the education industry can be innovated in the environment. Further, it should be noted that
the education industry is one of the most attractive industry present in the target market and it is
important to innovate this industry for the benefit of the future. Innovation and modernization in
education industry will increase the interest of students in education which will subsequently
make their future brighter (Njenga, Kariuki and Fourie 2010, 199-212). Further, modernization
will also increase the satisfaction level of students in the industry. Further, more details about the
research report are discussed below:

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Contents
Literature Review............................................................................................................................2
Design Thinking Methodology........................................................................................................3
Findings of Project...........................................................................................................................5
Conclusion and Future Scope..........................................................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................................7

Design Thinking 3
Literature Review
The education plays an important role in the society in creating knowledge, transferring it to the
students and fostering innovation as well. Modernization is the process of socio-cultural
transformation under which change is initiated in the industry based on its norms, values,
structure and institutions as well. The inclusion of scientific and technical knowledge in the
modern educational system helps in creating skilled manpower to play the occupational role that
is being demanded in the industrial environment (Falakmasir, Hassan and Habibi 2010). Further,
it should be noted that modernization in the education industry can be seen by inculcating the
activities of information communication technology in the industry. E-learning technologies play
an important role in improving the efficiencies of different industries present in the target
market. Now a days, educational institutions have started using ICT practices to help the students
to enhance the academic knowledge and competencies in the business environment (Merchant,
Goetz, Cifuentes and Kennicutt 2014, 29-40).
The ICT can be used in the educational industry through PowerPoint presentation, multimedia
computers, online courses, word processor program etc. Electronic learning is an effective
platform to broadcast the educational services in the target environment. Students can gain
access of the online educational information while sitting at their home also. They can also take
the lectures from people belonging to different parts of the world. Also, it should be noted that
the association of teachers and educators can increase the level of e-learning in the industry
(Wastiau, Blamire, Kearney, Quittre, Gaer, and Monseur 2013, 11-27). The process of e-learning
helps compensating with the scarcity of the manpower including lab technicians, facilitators and
teachers. Further, the increasing demand of distance education is encouraging the educational
associations to innovate their education system and add a stem of online educational services as
well. This will also help the institutions to stay competitive and will help the students to grasp
knowledge in a more effective way (Puri 2012, 149-161).
All the people present in the environment have started using online platforms to gain knowledge
from the environment so educational service on such online platform will help them to connect
easily and learn without facing difficulty as well. So, it should be noted that the modernization in
the industry through e-learning practices will effectively increase the student engagement in the

Design Thinking 4
environment. By making use of this type of practices, the students can access educational
information without facing geographical barriers. Adoption of this type of modern practice in the
country will eliminate various problems like adequate infrastructure, time consumption etc.
(Guri-Rosenblit, and Gros 2011). Through this type of technique, the students can attend one
lecture as many times as they want, they can also download it and study at their suitable time. E-
learning practices are cost effective as well. There is presence of flexibility and personalization
in the e-learning practices in education industry. There are no strict time boundations and
students can ask their queries online any time which increases their interest in studying (Lee, and
Hung 2015, 13).
Students also do not need to carry their modules every time when they study as they can access
all the information through the online portal of the education institutions. Thus, in this was this
type of practice increases the interest of the students in the learning. Talking about
personalization, it should be noted that the students can choose their own preferred course
material, access all the information through online library and eliminate regular classes by
studying according to their suitable timings (Chiang, and Lee 2016, 709-712). Thus, it should be
noted that there tactics can successfully modernize the education industry and increase the
student engagement as well. Students are fond of learning things online rather than studying it
from the colourless books. So, presentations and videos will attract them to the maximum extent
to study the course. This type of technology will make it easy for them to learn and will increase
their interest in studies as well. Thus, in this way with the help of e-learning techniques, the
education industry can modernize its process to improve the level of student engagement
(Rhema, and Miliszewska 2012, 149-160).
Design Thinking Methodology
Research design makes capable an agent for finishing the objectives of the examination. Under
this examination, both blended research design would be involved for finishing the targets of the
research examination. This research design will be utilized as it contains the highlights of both
subjective and quantitative research plan.
There are various sorts of research that fundamentally helps an examiner for addressing to the
specific plan of the research. In this examination, the researcher will utilize descriptive research

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plan for leading their examination and making legitimate research result. By utilizing this
method, a researcher would be skilled for analysing that using ICT techniques is the best way to
modernize the education industry in the external market.
Data collection technique is utilized for pooling the information in an appropriate way by joining
various sources, for example, primary as well as secondary system. In this paper authentic and
reliable secondary sources have been used to attain information about the trends present in the
education industry and how institutions can increase the student engagement by using ICT
techniques.
Secondary data would be gathered by various sources, for example, articles, books, scholarly
publications, databases, Google scholar and online sites. Along these lines, the investigator will
analyse various databases, for example, Google Scholar, sage journal and IEEE and a lot more
where the scientist will get to an expansive number of journal articles. From these articles, the
scientist will choose attainable article in regards to attain information about the research topic.
With an aim to gather the information, it is important to find qualitative secondary sources as far
as to create legitimate and dependable result about the viability of staff maintenance procedure in
the cordiality business. With respect to surveying the accumulated information, a measurable
information evaluation device would be polished.
Research limitation can affect the up and coming result of the research. Moreover, an researcher
need to consider various components, for example, cost, time and assets. The deficient outcome
can make a confinement on the researcher for accomplishing the point and destinations of the
examination. It would badly influence the nature of the examination.
Under this examination, ethical consideration is identified with completing of every action of
examination in a solid and substantial route by accomplishing the protection of respondents and
rules of the college. It would likewise bolster the examiner for choosing the proper conduct with
respect to achievement of objective in an efficient way. An agent can confront distinctive moral
concern related with the volition of the copyright demonstration, written falsification, and
information cracking. These issues could be maintained a strategic distance from by a specialist
by offering the full credit to the genuine agent and creators of certainties.

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Findings of Project
From the above mentioned view of literatures, below mentioned are some of the facts that have
been highlighted in this part. Along with this, design thinking tool is also implemented so as to
organization the modernization of e-learning techniques in the education industry.
The fact is clear to note that it is crucial for the education industry to innovate and modernize in
order to increase the level of interest of the stakeholders. The stakeholders in this industry
involve students who come to institutions for the purpose of learning. So, it should be noted that
use of ICT along with e-learning will help the industry to grow and get better as well. Below
mentioned is a design thinking process that would help in implementing the e-learning practices
in the industry (Elkaseh, Wong, and Fung 2016, 192).
Empathize: This is the first stage of the design thinking process under which the educational
institutions need to understand the external environmental conditions so as to incorporate
modernization at the right time. Under this phase, the institutions need to engage, empathize and
attain the view of different people on this type of modernization (Ranieri, Manca, and Fini 2012,
754-769).
Define: Now after attaining external environmental information, it is important for the
institutions to put together all the information and find out ways that can help in promoting the e-
learning practices. A problem statement should be defined so as to solve it before it actually
happens. In this way, the ICT practice will attain the right type of environment to settle down
(Selwyn 2010, 65-73).
Ideate: Under this process, the management needs to actualize the idea by implementing it in the
system. Now the management need to make use of this type of practices in teaching and expect
for positive feedback from the students as well. After solving all the problems under this phase,
the management will not face actual problems in the real world because of solid backup.
However, many times the real world shows different situations from the paper work (Laal 2011,
439-443).
Prototype: This process will now produce a number of low-cost, scaled down versions of the
product or specific features found within the product, so they can investigate the problem
solutions generated in the previous stage. Under this step, the institution will make use

Design Thinking 7
brainstorming ideas and innovative technology to gain the interest of the students and solve the
problem at the same time (Al-Rahmi, Othman, and Yusuf 2015, 4).
Test: Lastly, under this phase the institution will rigorously test that the innovation has worked in
the real world situation or not. This is the final stage that will show the actual result, so if the
positive result appears then the modernization will occur otherwise the management will go back
to the stage four of this model (Salyers, Carter, Carter, Myers, and Barrett 2014, 16-39).
Conclusion and Future Scope
Thus, in the limelight of above mentioned events, the fact should be noted that the above
mentioned research paper highlighted details about the engagement of students in learning by
modernizing the education industry. In that respect, it was suggested that the e-learning and ICT
techniques will surely help in engaging the interest of the students into studies. The paper
represented the use of design thinking technique to function this type of modernization in the
education industry by creating a roadmap. Further, it should be recommended to the institutions
that they should not implement all the changes in one attempt instead they should grow with a
gradual speed. They should also train the teachers to make use of e-leaning practices. They
should make use of TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) model to train the
teachers in the environment so that they can adequately inculcate learning skills within students.
Lastly, it should be noted that the preference of student should considered as the top model
priority in the design thinking model and it should be included in the first step only.

Design Thinking 8
References
Al-Rahmi, Waleed, Mohd Shahizan Othman, and Lizawati Mi Yusuf. (2015) "The role of social
media for collaborative learning to improve academic performance of students and researchers in
Malaysian higher education." The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed
Learning 16, no. 4.
Chiang, Chin-Ling, and H. Lee. (2016) "The effect of project-based learning on learning
motivation and problem-solving ability of vocational high school students." International
Journal of Information and Education Technology 6, no. 9: 709-712.
Elkaseh, Ali Mohamed, Kok Wai Wong, and Chun Che Fung. (2016) "Perceived ease of use and
perceived usefulness of social media for e-learning in Libyan higher education: A structural
equation modeling analysis." International Journal of Information and Education Technology 6,
no. 3: 192.
Falakmasir, Mohammad Hassan, and Jafar Habibi. (2010) "Using educational data mining
methods to study the impact of virtual classroom in e-learning." In Educational Data Mining
2010.
Guri-Rosenblit, Sarah, and Begoña Gros. (2011) "E-learning: Confusing terminology, research
gaps and inherent challenges." International Journal of E-Learning & Distance Education/Revue
internationale du e-learning et la formation à distance 25, no. 1.
Kuo, Yu-Chun, Andrew E. Walker, Brian R. Belland, and Kerstin EE Schroder. (2013) "A
predictive study of student satisfaction in online education programs." The International Review
of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 14, no. 1: 16-39.
Laal, Marjan. (2011) "Impact of Technology on lifelong learning." Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences 28: 439-443.
Lee, Li-Tze, and Jason C. Hung. (2015) "Effects of blended e-Learning: a case study in higher
education tax learning setting." Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences5, no. 1: 13.

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Merchant, Zahira, Ernest T. Goetz, Lauren Cifuentes, Wendy Keeney-Kennicutt, and Trina J.
Davis. (2014) "Effectiveness of virtual reality-based instruction on students' learning outcomes
in K-12 and higher education: A meta-analysis." Computers & Education 70: 29-40.
Njenga, James Kariuki, and Louis Cyril Henry Fourie. (2010) "The myths about e‐learning in
higher education." British journal of educational technology 41, no. 2 :199-212.
Puri, Goldi. (2012) "Critical success Factors in e-Learning–An empirical study." International
Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 2, no. 1: 149-161.
Ranieri, Maria, Stefania Manca, and Antonio Fini. (2012) "Why (and how) do teachers engage in
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lifelong learning." British journal of educational technology 43, no. 5: 754-769.
Rhema, Amal, and Iwona Miliszewska. (2012) "The potential of e-learning in assisting post-
crisis countries in re-building their higher education systems: the case of Libya." Issues in
informing Science and information technology 9: 149-160.
Salyers, Vincent, Lorraine Carter, Alanna Carter, Sue Myers, and Penelope Barrett. (2014) "The
search for meaningful e-learning at Canadian universities: A multi-institutional research
study." The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 15, no. 6.
Selwyn, Neil. (2010) "Looking beyond learning: Notes towards the critical study of educational
technology." Journal of computer assisted learning 26, no. 1: 65-73.
Wastiau, Patricia, Roger Blamire, Caroline Kearney, Valerie Quittre, Eva Van de Gaer, and
Christian Monseur. (2013)"The Use of ICT in Education: a survey of schools in E
urope." European Journal of Education 48, no. 1: 11-27.