DET - Theories, Principles & Models in Education and Training

This report delves into various theories, principles, and models crucial for achieving inspirational teaching and learning. It begins by introducing the concept of communication and its reliance on different models to convey messages effectively. The principle of effective communication, involving a sender, message, channel, and receiver, is discussed, emphasizing the importance of feedback for completion. Models like the communication cycle, Shannon & Weaver model, and Johari's window are analyzed, highlighting their strengths and limitations. The report also examines effective listening skills, transactional analysis, and different types of transactions (complementary, crossed, and ulterior) to understand interpersonal behavior and communication dynamics. The conclusion acknowledges the complexity of achieving perfect communication despite the efforts of these models and theories, referencing George Bernard Shaw's perspective on the challenges of complete communication.

THEORIES PRINCIPLES AND MODELS
TO ACHIEVE INSPIRATIONAL
TEACHING AND LEARNING

TABLE OF CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
 COMMUNICATION CYCLE
 SHANNON & WEAVER MODEL
 JOHARI'S WINDOW MODEL
 EFFECTIVE LISTENING SKILLS
 TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
 COMPLEMENTARY TRANSACTION
 CROSSED TRANSACTION
 ULTERIOR TRANSACTION
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
 Communication is a process which uses different
types of models
 It explain that conveying a message through
verbal or non-verbal means and receiving it which
make the communication complete.
 To communicate a medium is required to make it
possible.
 Medium can be any thing which can convey the
message or pass the encrypted or decrypted data to
the either side.

PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
 It involves a message, sender, channel and a receiver.
 It is a complex process which involves feedback at
the end of this process.
 The communication is considered completed when
the receiver understands the message which is being
conveyed through various channels.

COMMUNICATION CYCLE
• It is a linear framework of
communication that give a
schematic representation of
relation between sender,
message, medium, and receiver.
• This cycle refers to transferring
and receive the data between 2
individuals or entities.
• Message can be an idea where it
is encoded by sender and is
decoded by receiver.
• The major drawback of this
cycle is, it can't deal with
multiple level of
communication. Only 2 sources
can communicate at a time.

SHANNON & WEAVER MODEL
 This model of communication process is very popular in school.
 A solution to the problem, how to express maximum information through a given channel.
 It introduced the noise concept in channel or medium used in communication.
 This is a two-way process but can only be applied to telecommunication and not to interpersonal
communication

JOHARI'S WINDOW MODEL
• A technique that is used to help people to get better
understanding of their relationship with others and
themselves.
• This model consists of four windows,
• 1st Cell is the part where the person and the others
know the things about them,
• 2nd cell is the part where other people see in them,
but they are not aware of.
• 3rd part is private where we know the things about
ourselves and hide from others
• And the last part that is 4th which consist of
unconscious part where neither the person nor the
others know about it.

EFFECTIVE LISTENING SKILLS
• It is a skill which require the person to listen to the speaker
efficiently and absorb the information being conducted.
• Providing appropriate feedbacks after the speaker has finished
speaking
• Focus on what is being said
• Hold the judgement until the speaker is finished.
• Do not disturb the speaker in between while they're speaking
• Should have an open arms to accept ideas and criticism
• Note down important points.
• Ask question but not in the middle while they are speaking.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
• This is modern psychological technique
that helps to interpret the behaviour of the
another person so that the communication
process becomes effective.
• This analytical tool helps to convert
negative attitude into positive attitude.
• It changes non accomplishment, fearfulness
and failure to success, optimism, and boost
confidence of the individual and turn them
towards positive thinking.

COMPLEMENTARY TRANSACTION
• Can be termed as impressive and successful
communication.
• When two people show same or
complimentary ego states in a conversation
which means that if a person said something
and expect the response in a way that they
get are aligned and can be refereed as
effective communication.

CROSSED TRANSACTION
• This takes place when a person say
something in a ego state and does not
receive the response which they were
expecting
• It can result in a fight and conflict and can
be triggering for both the person. This can
be a communication barrier.

ULTERIOR TRANSACTION
• This can be stated as
misinterpretation of a message
that is being delivered,
• This happens when more than 3
ego state interact at the same
time and can make it a very
complex process that could lead
to frustration and confusion