Detailed Design and Analysis of Rose Bridge - COIT20275 Report

This report presents a comprehensive design analysis of the Rose Bridge, starting with a conceptual overview and needs assessment from a previous assignment. It details the preliminary and detailed design phases, emphasizing structural components, bridge loads (including dead and live loads), and reinforced concrete design considerations. The report also covers concrete deck placement techniques, system testing procedures, validation processes using stochastic measurements, and optimization strategies for enhancing the price-performance ratio. Key aspects such as superstructure details, foundation types, and the application of LRFD project methods are thoroughly discussed, providing a holistic view of the bridge design and construction process. This document is available on Desklib, where students can find similar solved assignments and study resources.

1
DESIGNING A BRIDGE
SUBJECT: SYSTEM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
COURSE CODE: COIT20275
ASSESSMENT 2: Report
WEIGHTAGE: 30%
DEADLINE: 28 SEPTEMBER 2018
GROUP MEMBERS:
1. SYED WAJAHAT HUSSAIN RIZVI 12064584
2. MOHAMMED SHAHBAZ KHAN 12052473
3. MOULI PALADUGU 12045886

2
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Preliminary design of the bridge......................................................................................................3
Bridge design process..................................................................................................................4
Detailed design of the bridge...........................................................................................................4
Superstructure detail....................................................................................................................5
Bridge loads;................................................................................................................................6
Reinforced concrete design..........................................................................................................6
Concrete deck placement.............................................................................................................7
System test.......................................................................................................................................8
Validation........................................................................................................................................8
Optimization process.......................................................................................................................9
Evaluation......................................................................................................................................10
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
References......................................................................................................................................12

3
Introduction
In the first assignment, the conceptual design and the needs of the rose bridge was analyzed by
majorly focusing on the design process, needs definition, feasibility study, performance
measurement, system operation requirement, and system planning. Some of the of the Rose
bridge system analyzed in assignment one include the site planning, identification of the
longitudinal section of the ground, identification of soil condition, understanding local condition
of the bridge design, proper data identification, and design sketch of the bridge. This paper is
based on the dissimilar aspect of designing that is to be maintained while developing the design
for the construction of the Rose Bridge in Tasmania Bridges are the common designs of the built
environment and one of the key element of the civil engineering.
The basic elements of the design of the bridge is dependent on the structure of load bearing,
whether the flat, concave, and convex. This paper gives the preliminary and the detailed design
of a bridge. When designing a bridge there are many factors that are important to be considered
in addition to the actual integrity of the structure. These include the construction costs, and the
construction of needed handrail, geotechnical consideration, hydro-technical consideration,
aesthetic consideration, and load consideration.
Preliminary design of the Rose Bridge, Tasmania
The first appraisal milestone is the preliminary design review which is the consideration of the
least of 300% comprehensive point. Before the checkup, most of the design selections and the
researches required to start the design of the bridge would have been accomplished. These
comprise research of the primary bridge, type of the report selection, and the final report of
drainage, preliminary geometrics traffics, and the location surveys. Using this information, the
preliminary bridge layout and the estimation of costs are made for the supplement of the
preliminary design (Birnstiel, 2017).
The preliminary plan must have the elevation and plan opinions of the bridge and the planned
segment of the bridge. The existing bridge and other conditions of the site in the vicinity should
be indicated too. Because of the unfinished landscape of the project at this level, a
comprehensive magnitude based estimate is normally not acceptable. Many of the bridges, an

4
approximation based on the area of the deck of the bridge will serve. Attention should be
maintained in the selection of the unit price to change the approximation and the unit price
should be established on the offer of the actual price. The preliminary layout and the estimated
price should be sent to the state bridge engineering for the assessment and to the developer of the
project for the addition of the preliminary design inspection (Chen, 2011).
Pre-final design inspection; this is considered the minimum of 60% completed points and thus is
finalized by putting the comments gotten from the preliminary design inspection. Work on the
design and specifying of the bridge building in introduced and the foundation investigation and
preliminary foundation reports are completed.
Rose Bridge design process
In choosing the structure type of the bridge, the following should be taken into account;
functional necessities, economics, maintenance in the future, aesthetics, and the accelerated
construction of the bridge. The bridge type in the report will be prepared for every bridge project.
Accelerated bridge construction uses the innovative planning, materials, designs, and the
methods of construction in the price effective manner to decrease the time of building that occurs
when constructing new or substituting the bridges that exist. The accelerated bridge construction
includes the use of geosynthetic reinforced soil, prefabricated bridge systems and elements and
slides in bridge construction. The matrix of the report about the bridge should include the type of
the bridge, costs, the life of the bridge and the traffic control costs (Duan, 2013).
Detailed design of the Rose Bridge
This is the phase that takes a lot of time in the design of the bridge. The design of every
structural component is completed in this phase and also comprehensive construction strategies
are advanced. This stage is labour intensive and it is significant not to start the work until the
agreement on the planned type of the structure and layout. During this stage, all the team
members are allowed to on the constructed type of the bridge the comprehensive building may
begin and can run alongside with the foundation study and investigation phase. This is the final
stage of the construction of the bridge and all every work is finished at this level. The review of

5
the conceptual and preliminary design can also take place and thereafter the system is tested,
validated, evaluated and optimized (Fu, 2016).
Superstructure detail
This comprises of all the bridges components that are overhead the bearing elevation seat. This
detail of building start with the crosswise sector view that display the constituents comparative to
each other. The supplementary particulars important to describe the superstructure follows then
the details of the very constituent may be integrated by the picture or may be displayed on a
different drawing thereafter all the particulars must be dimensioned adequately and explained to
build the bridge. The type of foundation usually depends on the waterway or the soil loading
conditions. Early in the bridge development, the geotechnical information may not be present
and the engineer of the project may rely on the present soils information from the neighboring
structure to define the most practical type of the foundation. The types of the typical foundation
are; drilled shafts, pipe piling, spread footing, and the steel H piling (Koglin, 2014).
The docks can be numerous and singe bents pillar. If the structure is very extensive a solitary
column is used to lower the disorder under the bridge. The bents of more structures have many
round columns typically rest on the solitary drilled channels or the pile cap footing. For every
short on the stream crossing, the line of the piling may be stretched into the cap of piers and
enhanced in the concrete to form the curtain wall (Melaragno, 2014).
Bridge loads
In the use of the LRFD project methods, loads factored are matched to the factored resistance
and the load's factor used to the separate load depend on the types of the loads and the limits
state under the deliberation. The load's types are explained below;
Modifiers loads; there are 3 modifiers connected to the redundancy, ductility, and the
significance of the structure and their applications are straightforward (Michigan, 2015).
Dead loads; this comprises the weights of the long-lasting percentages of the whole structure and
include the weight of the predicted future accompaniments. Future effectiveness and the
prearranged future bridges extension effects should be lodged in the design of the bridge. The

6
weight of the concrete wall obstacle can be equally spread between the girders if the
circumstances are met.
Live loads; the live loading s that the bridge must carry comprise of the moving lively weights of
the vehicles, equestrians, pedestrians, cyclists, and other crossing the bridges. The design of live
loads comprises of the design trucks or the design of the tandem and the lane loads and they are
applied simultaneously. Other loads types are wind loads, stream pressure and buoyancy forces,
permit loads, and seismic forces (Pedrozzi, 2010).
Reinforced concrete design
Reinforced concrete is used extensively for many elements of the bridge, these elements are
wing walls, piers, abutment, decking, and foundation. The superstructure is less used and the
prestressed concrete is more common. This slab bridge exception has proven the record of being
durable and long-lasting structures. The span length that can be attained with the slab bridge is
small, between 20 and 4o feet hence should be used on the small stream crossing. The deepness
of the superstructure for the slab bridge range between 12 to 18 inches and where the location
conditions need the shallow superstructure the slab bridges are the best choices. The reinforced
concrete structure is made and built with grade 60 rebar partaking the yield strength of 60ksi.
The standardized slabs design can be used in many deck slabs though attentiveness must be
taken if the bridge has unusual characteristics and large skew. If the deck slabs cantilevers are no
lengthier than about 4feet (Pipenbaher, 2016).
To decrease the slanting cracking in the newly built bridge deck, the transverse bars in the
bottom and the top mat of the deck slabs reinforcement must be counterbalanced by half of the
spacing bar. The staggered splices use in the neighboring lines of longitudinal bars was though to
regulate cracking initially there is slight evidence astounding the spices in this form has the
influence on lowering the quantity of cracking that occurs in the deck slab (Pipinato, 2016).
Concrete deck placement:
with the bigger attention in the enhanced bridges methods of construction, precast concrete deck
panel may be favored in a certain situation. There are two precast concrete types. Partial-depth
panel and the full depth panel. Elastomeric bearings are the best bridge devices that should be

7
used in the bridge construction. They are fabricated with the bearing pads that consist of the
elastomer only and they are made to convey the loads and accommodate arrangements between
the bridge and the subsidiary structure. The plain bearing pads must be a three-quarter inch or
less in the thickness since the pads thicker than three quarter must be reinforced with the
laminates (Ponnuswamy, 2013). The design property usually linked with the bearing is the girder
harbor system. The intention of is to stop transverse, vertical, longitudinal is the mixture of any
of these movements at the girder end.
System test of the Rose Bridge
Bridges are under numerous load and environmental effects that make them lose their
mechanical integrity. Load testing that is not destructive is an operative method to quantify the
structural reply of the bridge under load settings and to regulate the integrity of the structure. The
current development in the bridge administration is the use of the sensors embedded in the
structure of the bridge to observe the elongated term performance of the bridge under numerous
loads and effects to the environment. This technology allows the prefabrication of the structural
constituents to be done offsite under well-measured conditions with the advantage of higher
quality precast structural components that can do better with a lower need of maintenance
(Popovic, 2015).
Validation of Rose Bridge
because of the uncertainties involved in the construction, modelling and systems of
measurements, the assessment of the model validation must be performed based on the stochastic
measurement to give the designers confidence for further uses. The aim of model validation is to
improve the mathematical model of the serious bridge structure using the data for the reference
gotten from the numerical simulation and experimental tests within the required accuracy, and
thus can be used for the optimization of the design. When validating a bridge, the relative
frequency, MAC values of the every calculated vibration frequency, and the level of confidence
should be calculated to see of the construction of the bridge is valid (Rosignoli, 2011).

8
Figure 1: the validation process for the bridges (Unsworth, Design of Modern Steel Railway
Bridges, 2010)
Optimization process
The new trend in the bridge building has been the optimization of the price-performance ratio.
The greatest efficient way to enhance the price to the performance ratio is to maximize the
effectiveness of the superstructure. The prioritization of the bridges is based on the satisfaction
of man conflicting aims simultaneously like the minimum condition of the bridge rating,
maximum average daily profit and minimize costs. The Markovian model is the main component
of the management system of the bridge, it forecast on the future situation of the network of the
bridge, and enable the reliable fund's allocations. The Markovian probability matrix coupled with
the programming techniques can be approximated from the collected condition rating data during

9
the required biannual bridge construction (Unsworth, Design of Modern Steel Railway Bridges,
2013)
Evaluation of Rose Bridge
The accuracy of the bridge evaluation can be improved by the use of recent development in the
bridges diagnostics, material tests, structural tests, probabilistic methods and structural analysis.
The workshop can be organized that exchange the existing experience in the area of the bridge
evaluation which can be beneficial. The weighted evaluation methods can be used to assess the
designs alternatives which can contribute to the development of the recommended solution. The
first process of evolution can be to develop the criteria for the evaluation, the first was to develop
the criteria to determine the goof relative weights of every criterion, to determine the bridges
scores and to determine the important factors specific to every bridge alternatives (Unsworth,
Design of Modern Steel Railway Bridges, 2013).
Material costs; the cost of the bridges can be calculated by determining the amount of the steel in
the design and the fabrication costs hardware, galvanization and decking. The costs cannot be
directly determined because of the difficulty of the estimation of the cost of the construction
through the aspects that influence the costs can be considered such as the ease of construction,
crane size needed which can be determined by the bridge weight and horizontal reach of the
crane, and the abutment size required (Vayas, 2017).

10
Table1: how the bridges can be evaluated (Pedrozzi, 2010)
Conclusion
This paper discussed the preliminary and detailed design of the bridges. Bridges are the common
designs of the built environment and one of the key element of the civil engineering. The basic
elements of the design of the bridge is dependent on the structure of load bearing, whether the
flat, concave, and convex. This paper gives the preliminary and the detailed design of the bridge.
When designing a bridge there are many factors that are important to be considered in addition to
the actual integrity of the structure. These include the construction costs, and the construction of
needed handrail, geotechnical consideration, hydro-technical consideration, aesthetic
consideration, and load consideration.

11
References
Birnstiel, C. (2017). Movable Bridge Design. Michigan: ICE Publishing.
Chen, A. (2011). Bridge Design, Assessment and Monitoring. Colorado: Taylor & Francis.
Duan, L. (2013). Bridge Engineering Handbook. Colorado: CRC Press.
Fu, G. (2016). Bridge Design and Evaluation. Toledo: John Wiley & Sons.
Koglin, T. (2014). Movable Bridge Engineering. Perth: John Wiley & Sons.
Melaragno. (2014). Preliminary Design of Bridges for Architects and Engineers. Perth: CRC Press.
Michigan, T. U. (2015). Bridge Design & Engineering. Michigan: Route One Pub.
Pedrozzi, P. (2010). A Software Tool for the Analysis. Toledo: vdf Hochschulverlag.
Pipenbaher, M. (2016). Giborim Highway Bridge. Paris: Inženirski biro Ponting.
Pipinato, A. (2016). Innovative Bridge Design Handbook. Chicago: Elsevier Science.
Ponnuswamy. (2013). Bridge Engineering. Chicago: Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
Popovic, O. (2015). Conceptual Structural Design. Perth: Thomas Telford.
Rosignoli, M. (2011). Bridge Launching. Paris: Thomas Telford.
Unsworth, J. (2010). Design of Modern Steel Railway Bridges. New York: CRC Press.
Unsworth, J. (2013). Design of Modern Steel Railway Bridges. Michigan: CRC Press.
Vayas, I. (2017). Design of Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges to Eurocodes. Melbourne: CRC Press.

12