Detailed Autopsy Report: Analysis of X-Ray Tube Failures and Causes

This report presents a detailed analysis of X-Ray tube failures through a comprehensive autopsy process. It begins with an overview of GE Healthcare and introduces the principles of X-Ray production, including Bremsstrahlung and K-shell emission. The report outlines the functions of different parts of the X-Ray tube and then delves into the autopsy process, examining various failure modes such as image artifacts, broken glass, casing arcs, oil leaks, open filaments, and arcing. A process flowchart illustrates the autopsy steps, and findings from multiple autopsies are discussed. The report concludes by highlighting the importance of X-Ray tube selection and the benefits of conducting autopsy procedures to improve the reliability and performance of X-Ray tubes in medical applications. The document also touches upon power quality issues and solutions like Custom Power equipment and Active Power Filters in electrical engineering.

PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER
Summary Statement
These are the competency Units and Elements. These elements must be addressed in the Summary
Statement (see Section C). If you are applying for assessment as a Professional Engineer, you will
need to download this page, complete it and lodge it with your application.
Competency Element A brief summary of how you have applied the
element
Paragraph
in the
career
episode(s)
where the
element is
addressed
PE1 KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL BASE
PE1.1 Comprehensive, theory-
based understanding of the
underpinning natural and
physical sciences and the
engineering fundamentals
applicable to the engineering
discipline
I used an adaptive MPPT algorithm and investigated the
defective x-rays in manner to eliminate them and allow
the hospitals to use the best appliances. I proposed the
successful projects those are beneficial for the society
and new trend in the market.
CE
2.3.1,
3.3.1
PE1.2 Conceptual
understanding of the
mathematics, numerical
analysis, statistics and
computer and information
sciences which underpin the
engineering discipline
In one of the project, I proposed the system that will be
helpful in converting the DC output from non-
conventional energy into useful AC power. In other
project, I identified the functioning and application of
the X-ray tube including cathode, anode, x-ray tube,
housing, and tube insert for identifying the exact
working and sections those could lead them to failures.
CE 2.3.2,
CE 3.3.2
PE1.3 In-depth understanding
of specialist bodies of
knowledge within the
engineering discipline
I utilized the electrical theoretical aspects in real world
application and managed to bring u with innovative
projects. I had to be a better team player and should be
capable of accommodating within the team and
accomplish all the responsibilities related to my sector
of work and thus, I managed my skills to accomplish
CE 1.3.1,
CE 2.2.5,
CE 1.6,
3.3.3

these objectives.
PE1.4 Discernment of
knowledge development and
research directions within the
engineering discipline
I used the knowledge related to the transformers and all
the properties of the transformers in one of the projects.
The major sources are single-phase fault, high-
impedance neutral connections and sudden reduction in
load. Simulation of the system developed in the second
project was my responsibility and in association to that I
developed the skills of x-ray autopsy for the detection of
defective x-rays.
CE 1.3.1,
CE 2.4.1,
& CE 3.3.3
PE1.5 Knowledge of contextual
factors impacting the
engineering discipline
I used my skills for the identification of the problems
and issues those are capable of influencing the output of
the projects. The problem solving skills were helpful in
sorting out all the activities and hence, the project can
be managed in an efficient and effective manner.
CE 1.2.2,
CE 2.2.2,
& CE 3.2.3
PE1.6 Understanding of the
scope, principles, norms,
accountabilities and bounds of
contemporary engineering
practice in the specific
discipline
Each of these is responsible for a proper waveform
distortion and should be mitigated on an immediate
basis. I have used an adaptive MPPT algorithm along
with standard perturb and observe method for the
proposed system. I executed the autopsy and the
analysis of the causes leading the tubes towards the
failure including seven major causes those could
influence the x-ray tubes
CE 1.7, CE
1.9
PE2 ENGINEERING APPLICATION ABILITY
PE2.1 Application of
established engineering
methods to complex
engineering problem solving
I selected customer power device or Flexible AC
Transmission Systems (FACTS) for this purpose. I
managed the team members and always approached
them to accomplish the project objectives and goals. I
was assigned to analysing and demonstrating the
autopsy of the X-Ray tubes
CE 1.8 &
CE1.9
PE2.2 Fluent application of
engineering techniques, tools
and resources
The major sources are single-phase fault, high-
impedance neutral connections and sudden reduction in
load. I simulated the results for the identification of the
efficiency of the system that can be gained through the
model and design presented. I managed the autopsy of
the defected x-ray tubes and the identification of the
root causes those are influencing the x-ray tubes toward
CE 1.2, CE
1.4 & CE
1.8

failure
PE2.3 Application of
systematic engineering
synthesis and design processes
I even made the design of the system and arranged for
team meetings. I had successfully managed the works
related to my team and mine that helped in delivering
the project successfully. I categorized the defected tubes
into groups based on how many scans each tube has
undergone before the failure has been reported
CE 1.6, CE
1.8
PE2.4 Application of
systematic approaches to the
conduct and management of
engineering projects
Identification of good power quality was done here.
Problems related to power quality were also removed
here. I collected the data and analyzed the failure of
tubes that return from the field and suggest appropriate
corrective actions for the failure modes
CE 1.5
PE3 PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES
PE3.1 Ethical conduct and
professional accountability
I lead two projects and hence, I was responsible for
many vital acts those were helpful in delivering the
projects in an efficient and effective manner. I arranged
the meetings and various other communication medium
for the stakeholders in manner to communicate all the
related facts.
CE 1.7 &
CE 1.9
PE3.2 Effective oral and
written communication in
professional and lay domains
I was an important member in this project. I made the
documentation properly and made sure that the project
was not delayed and I also established a routine in
which, every team member will have to attend the
meeting every day before and after the project and just
talk with each other, other than the work that
alternatively helps in establishing a better relationship
with each other.
CE 1.5, CE
1.12,
PE3.3 Creative innovative and
proactive demeanor
I utilized the various theoretical learnings collected from
various other reputed scholar writers and implemented
my own innovations in them to develop a sophisticated
model that can be helpful in bringing a change in the
products and ways in which the operational activities
are being completed.
CE 1.10 &
CE 1.11
PE3.4 Professional use and I have excellent skills of interpersonal communication

management of Information
that help me in interacting with my project team
members and also project supervisor. I lead them
towards the accomplishment of the project and I was
successful in making a connection in between them in
manner to assure that the project will be accomplished
in an efficient and effective manner.
CE 1.5, CE
1.12,
PE3.5 Orderly management of
self, and professional conduct
I also organized weekly team meetings so that we can
have a proper follow up of our project. I divided the
project in four different phases in manner to analyse all
the factors those could be considered while delivering
the project. I analysed the process of X-Ray production
and its ‘principle in manner to identify the failures in the
functioning of the x-ray
CE 1.5, CE
1.11, CE
1.12,
PE3.6 Effective team
membership and team
leadership
I lead two projects and leading was not very challenging
for me as I managed the team members and their
activities for the accomplishment of the project
activities and the deliverables. As a team player, I
effectively communicate with everyone and contribute
my area of work in an efficient and effective manner.
CE 1.5