An Analysis of Health Determinants in Indigenous Australians

This report examines the determinants of health affecting Indigenous Australians, focusing on socioeconomic factors such as education, employment, lifestyle choices, and community safety. The introduction defines health determinants and highlights the disparities faced by Indigenous Australians compared to non-Indigenous populations. The main body delves into the impact of education, employment rates, and lifestyle behaviors, including substance abuse and nutrition. It also addresses the lack of community safety and its influence on health outcomes. The report analyzes government initiatives aimed at improving education and employment opportunities for Indigenous Australians. It emphasizes the need for interventions to address disparities and promote equality in health outcomes, including programs focused on education and lifestyle changes. The conclusion summarizes the findings and underscores the importance of addressing the identified determinants to improve the overall health and well-being of Indigenous Australians. The report highlights the critical need for government and community efforts to improve living standards and reduce health disparities.

Determinants of
Health

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
The determinants of society refer to the closed relationship between the outcomes of
health as well as working and living situation which determine the country's social environment.
The social, environmental, economical and personal factors which influence the status of health
are also considered as the health determinants. There are several categories that falls under this
broad categories such as social factors, policy making, health service, behaviour of individual,
genetics and biology etc. This can be considered interrelationship among those components that
sets of populations and individuals health (HealthInfoNet, 2014). Indigenous Australian are the
Torres and Aboriginal Strait Islander Australian people, descended from tribes and groups which
existed in Australia as well as surrounded islands prior to British colonisation. This report will
evaluate major determinants i.e. income employment, daily habits routine and current society
state in comparison disingenuous Australians.
MAIN BODY
Torres Strait Islanders and Aboriginal are the initial and first inhabitants in the country
Australia. In the early times, Aboriginal used to defined as per their colon of skin and percentage
of their 'Aboriginal Blood' that have been replaced through modern explanation. Nowadays,
Aboriginal people have been accepted by the Australasian society and community which one
lives. These people consist of diverged Aboriginal countries as well as have their own tradition
and language. They have existed on their original land that is Tasmania, Australia and other
continents.
Torres Strait Islander in the recent scenario are considerably remain more disadvantaged
in longer health as well as socio-economic outcomes in comparison to other non-indigenous
equivalent. These Australian people experience more poverty, lack of well-being and health,
poverty, inadequate housing, poor nutritions and other social issues comparison to other non-
indigenous Australian (Marmot, 2011). This can often lead to complex outcomes upon well-
being and health of Torres Strait Islander individuals and Aboriginal. This study will undertake
the non-health indicator outcomes considering the major four determinants of health components
that are analysed.
According to the above factors, education is one of the most important aspects. In current
time period, education system are not mark up in better manner. Aboriginal people are make
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argument regarding their rights for getting equal chance and access within education system. The
major issue for Aboriginal people was Right to education. Indigenous students are mainly
disproportionate which compare with another Australian students. There are different factors
which provide resultant in failure and poor of Aboriginal education for parental engagement,
inappropriate curriculum, poor method of teaching, low student self esteem, inappropriate
training and development sessions, miserable health and housing condition and poor attendance
structure. This will show how to live a healthy life along with this it is essential that education is
provided as it is clear the whole vision of a person as how this will became an important method.
Along with this, an educated and qualified society has live better and good life in compare with
those who are deprived of education (Lawrence, Hancock and Kisely, 2011). The condition of
indigenous people is very poor and bad as compared with non indigenous people in term of
opportunities, studies, etc. while watching all major situations, authorities has been taken steps
for improving and monitoring the studies and also serve to indigenous population along with
great opportunities. The Council of Australian Governments (COAG) are setting accurate goals
for reducing the difference between reading, numeracy and writing accomplishment between
indigenous and non indigenous students in upcoming time period. They has been formulated
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Education Action Plan for improving life results or
outcome for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Along with this, government are providing
requirement based repeated financing for help these students which includes dedicating funding
loading that provide additional funding to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders students. They
are develop and make policy which can improving the condition of education decision, equity of
educational involvement, equality of access to educational services or facilities and equitable and
appropriate educational resultant. The main motive of National Ingenious Reform Agreement is
to provide guide national affect towards reducing the difference within educational result for
Aboriginal students (Campbell and et. al., 2011). The plan mainly concentrate on six factors
which take position in higher impact and they are readiness for school, attendance, literacy and
numeracy, involvement and interaction, leadership, manpower development and improvement
and quality learning for posy school alternatives. Such factors provide framework for authorities
for planning properly. For planning the legal government which required to check their
implementation as if the similar are not done that may lead towards failure to achieving desired
result or outcome.
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A better education quality depend on the success of education foundation in life. The
government of Australia is performing with territory and state government, authorities of
education, Aboriginal and school as well as communities of Torres Islander in order to generate
best student outputs. Students who achieved their 12 year studies successfully in Australia are
more likely to meet the employment after the departure of school. The indigenous status of
people has been stable since few years as well as the state is working constantly to make certain
whether better employment and studies to individual and students can be met. Government is
declining the indigenous attendance gap especially in non- remote and remote regions. After this,
it can be be considered as it has a great influence on the well-being and health of an each and
every individual of that community. This is the income aspect and employment. There can be
considered as direct connection between the employment rate and education level. As this can be
stated that indigenous Australians are highly unemployed in the country (Jorm and et. al., 2012).
The recent health state has affected as the most people in country are not employed. This can
make certain that this is complex for them to take more medical facilities as well as therefore,
consider that it is complex to live a proper and healthy life. Indigenous Australian are not
certainly aware about the education importance in regular life as well as hence finds livelihood
more difficult and complex. This presents that there are requirement of improvement in literacy
rate for such individuals so that they can emphasise and improve their present well-being.
Another determinants that has considered in this report is physical condition of non-
indigenous along with their lifestyles and health behaviour. As this is mentioned, the belonging
of community people in relation of their society is less educated as well as thus, it has a straight
influence on who their lives are concerned. The people are more sicked to their habits and
intakes such as Tabaco, alcohol, less nutrition food etc. This directs people to detrition in their
physical situation of their health. Tabaco excess can lead to disease such as mouth cancer as well
as their manner their expectancy of their life which also gets influenced so much. Alcoholic
indigenous people become more infected from the liver diseases. As they are not in well
condition financially, these individuals as consumer bad quality and low budget alcohol that
negatively affect the liver. This influence their daily routine which leads to death. Cause of less
awareness of the misuse and disadvantage of it, their physical health are majorly affected and
they are majorly deprived from the healthy life (Cotter and et. al., 2012). Through managing and
consuming more healthy diet, they can live more longer and healthy life. Meditation, Yoga etc.
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are some practices that can assist in improving their basics health issues as well as can aid in
immune framework of a person. As the indigenous society people are very backwards as they are
not involved in those activities. Contradict to those individual associate with non-indigenous
who are more conscientious related to their life standard, education and their health. They render
more efforts in regard of health life management for that a proper life-cycle can be managed.
They deliver weightage to more healthy diet and ex cerise in their routine to live more longer.
This presents how essential to manage positive habits daily as this has a straight influence on the
individual's well-being and health. If the equal realisation is conducted among the indigenous
people than it might assist them to live a better experience of change and healthy life. State
require to undertake various interventions in this sector such as creation of programs for them
that are concentrated to generate information. Like this, the indigenous Australian people can
improve the standard of their health and lifestyle that is essential which can also aid in
maintaining equality (Shepherd and Zubrick, 2012).
At last, another determinants that makes them different from the non-indigenous people
is dearth of safety in community that is faced through the indigenous Australians. This factor has
adverse influence on the recent health condition of individual. Women are more prone to the
domestic nation's crimes as male of country are more engaged in the alcoholic habits, henceforth
this lead to criminal and unhealthy activities at home. The female safety of this group is at stake
and they struggles themselves to safeguard themselves from crimes and violent activities created
by male. This Detroit's female on regular grounds and gradually lead to loss in their health status.
Sexual violence in these groups are more which has negative impact over the women health and
needed to resolve. Women's are, therefore, treated as salves through more dominating male of
society that presents how the society need improvement and education in order to reduce the
domestic violence and incurring crimes at their place. Marriages are incurred for the physical
purpose and advantage of men in order to enjoy sexual intercourse within the society. This is
more convenient for males to arrange their work on regular basis and female to prepare food and
nourish their child at home (Slade, Grove and Burgess, 2011). The miserable condition of
women who are not even handling various responsibilities but also experiencing physical torture
that has to carried out in their basis routine work. This presents that how people of indigenous
groups are deprived from better health and are in miserable physical issues and problems.
Distinct legislations are being executed in order to reduce their requirement to be controlled in
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more effective manner. This is essential that the legal authorities make certain whether these
legislations are implemented and improving the living standard of their society. Hence, it will
further assist in emergence of the living people that can extent to match and reach in comparison
of non-indigenous people. This is required for those communities and people group to develop
the miserable condition of society (Ford, 2012). This is fundamental for the government
including local and nation state to implement and work over the practices that are in the relation
of improvement of physical condition of people in Australia.
CONCLUSION
This can be summarised from the above mentioned report that Indigenous Australian
individual are not provided and living a proper standard of living including the education level
and opportunities of employment along with the negative and worse health conditions. This has
its own influence on the people's health of indigenous people as this remain affected to a large
and extreme area. This is fundamental to uplift their present situation, enhance their working
criteria and create equality among the people of organisation. Management should be arranged
on the modified platform for its living condition, health issues of their society which is needed to
be improved. Government is executing various plans and actions along with programs in order to
emphasise condition and encourage the women condition and empowerment as they are suffering
in miserable condition. It is required to render proper attention as well as legislation requirement
to be organised so that it can be safeguarded against the made violence to them. Thereafter, the
condition of health are more concerned issues in Australia among indigenous habitants such as
alcohol consumption, physical condition etc. that is needed to be resolved within certain span of
time.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
HealthInfoNet, A. I., 2014. Overview of Australian Indigenous health status. Perth: Edith Cowan
University.
Marmot, M., 2011. Social determinants and the health of Indigenous Australians. Med J
Aust, 194(10), pp.512-3.
Lawrence, D., Hancock, K. J. and Kisely, S., 2013. The gap in life expectancy from preventable
physical illness in psychiatric patients in Western Australia: retrospective analysis of
population based registers. Bmj, 346, p.f2539.
Campbell, D. and et. al., 2011. Potential primary health care savings for chronic disease care
associated with Australian Aboriginal involvement in land management. Health
Policy, 99(1), pp.83-89.
Jorm, A. F. and et. al., 2012. Mental health of Indigenous Australians: a review of findings from
community surveys. Medical Journal of Australia, 196(2), p.118.
Cotter, P. R. and et. al., 2012. Do Indigenous Australians age prematurely? The implications of
life expectancy and health conditions of older Indigenous people for health and aged
care policy. Australian Health Review, 36(1), pp.68-74.
Shepherd, C. C., Li, J. and Zubrick, S. R., 2012. Social gradients in the health of Indigenous
Australians. American journal of public health, 102(1), pp.107-117.
Slade, T., Grove, R. and Burgess, P., 2011. Kessler psychological distress scale: normative data
from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Australian
& New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 45(4), pp.308-316.
Ford, J. D., 2012. Indigenous health and climate change. American journal of public
health, 102(7), pp.1260-1266.
Gardner, K. and et. al., 2011. Reorienting primary health care for addressing chronic conditions
in remote Australia and the South Pacific: Review of evidence and lessons from an
innovative quality improvement process. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 19(3),
pp.111-117.
Aspin, C. and et. al., 2012. Strategic approaches to enhanced health service delivery for
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with chronic illness: a qualitative
study. BMC health services research, 12(1), p.143.
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