Comprehensive Report: Determinants of Health and Heart Disease

This report delves into the determinants of health, specifically focusing on heart disease. It defines determinants, health inequalities, and provides facts and data related to cardiovascular disease, including social, lifestyle, and age-related factors. The report examines policy programs and interventions aimed at mitigating heart disease, such as dietary policies, and discusses health promotion theories like behavioral theory. It addresses cultural, social, and ethical issues, such as access to care and inequities in treatment, and offers recommendations for improving health outcomes, including lifestyle changes and awareness of early symptoms. The report emphasizes the importance of addressing various determinants to reduce the prevalence of heart disease and enhance the quality of life for affected individuals, highlighting the role of healthcare professionals in promoting healthy behaviors and equitable access to care.

Determinants of
Health & Illness

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................1
Overall general description of the broad type of determinants biological, social and
environmental..............................................................................................................................1
Health inequalities and equities...................................................................................................2
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................2
Determinants related to health based on facts and data...............................................................2
Policy program and intervention related to the determinants......................................................3
Health promotion theories...........................................................................................................4
Cultural/ social/ ethical issues related to determinant of health..................................................4
Recommendation.........................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this report is to identify the various determinants of health related to heart
disease. Present report will lay emphasis on Definitions of determinants of health, health inequity
/ inequality. It will also provide the facts and data related to determinants of health based on
heart disease. Assignment will also provide the details about the health promotion theory. In this
various theories will be discussed in the report. It will also lay focus on the various Policy
program and intervention related to the determinants. These are basically been implemented in
order to enhance the health outcome and well-being of people suffering from heart disease.
Study will also discuss cultural/ social/ ethical issues related to determinant of health. These
issues have affected the well-being of patients suffering from heart disease. Recommendation to
enhance the health outcome will also be provided in the report.
BACKGROUND
Determinants of health definition: The determinants of health can be defined as those
factors which can affect the health and wellbeing of an individual. The various determinants of
health can include age, income, life style factors and many others. These determinants can affect
the health of an individual, group or communities positively and negatively. The health of an
individual can be defined with the social, economic and ethical factors. There can be various
social issues related to the determinant of health. The main determinants can include inability to
access health services, low educational level, and low income level. These can reduce the quality
of life of an individual who have been suffering from the various health related factors. In this
the health care professionals needs to be engaged in identifying the factors because of which the
disease has been caused. This will assist them in enhancing the health outcome of the patient
who has been suffering from the disease.
Overall general description of the broad type of determinants biological, social and
environmental
There are various type of health related determinants such as biological social and
environmental. These can affect the health outcome of an individual who has been suffering
from any kind of disease. The social determinants can include can include inability to access
health services, low educational level, and low income level. It can also involve that there are no
employment opportunities for people because of which they are not been able to explore the best
quality treatment. This can reduce the health outcome of the patient who has been suffering from
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any kind of disease. It can also include life style factors such as not been involved in doing
physical activities. They are also not been involved in taking the nutritious food. Biological
determinant can also include that the individual is been going through problem because of the
genetic problem or the family history of suffering from any type of disease. This can reduce
down the quality of health of the individual. It has also been analysed that environmental
determinants can include child hood experiences and physical environments. It can affect the
health outcome of an individual.
Health inequalities and equities
A health inequality means that there has been a social injustice related to the people’s health
across various types of populations. They have not been provided with equal health services
which are adversely affecting the health outcome of an individual. The equity of health can be
defined as there is disparity in the health care services which has been provided. In this the
remedies are equally been provided to the people without any discrimination. There have been an
equal access to the health care services to enhance the health outcome of people.
MAIN BODY
Determinants related to health based on facts and data
The term gender, genetics, age, ethnicity, and race constitute the human and biological
determinants that are closely related to increased risk and statistics of the Cardio vascular
disease. It affects the health of the individual adversely. It has also been analysed that the heart
disease can also worsen the quality of life and their well-being has been affected adversely.
There are various types of determinants that have been related to the increasing of cardio
vascular disease. It includes the following:
Social determinants: It has been analysed that a large number of population living in
United Kingdom has been suffering from the heart disease(Garg, Boynton-Jarrett and Dworkin,
2016). The social determinant can include that people who are been going through heart disease
are already been suffering from various other problems such as hypertension, diabetes. These can
act as the risk factor for development of the heart disease. It has also been analysed that 4 out 10
people are who are been living in the United Kingdom are been suffering from cardio vascular
disease. It has been analysed that it may happen that these people may also be engaged in
consuming alcohol or smoking cigars. This can become the reason for going through problem
like this. It has been analysed that heart disease has been increasing the mortality rate. This can
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also become worse if proper education has not been provided to the people. Health care
professionals must be involved in providing education related to it.
Life style determinant: This includes that people who are obese are at utmost risk of
getting or suffering from the cardiovascular disease. It has been analysed that this can lay
negative impact on the health outcome of the individual(Adler, Glymour and Fielding, 2016.). It
has also been analysed that the people who are less likely to be involved in physical activities
have also suffered from the heart related problems. These people may also be involved in
consuming alcohol or smoking. These life style factors can act as risk for the development of
heart related disease. Around 20 million adults in the UK are insufficiently active, putting them
at a significantly greater risk of heart and circulatory disease, and premature death.
Age determinant: Age is also one of the factors because of which the problem related to
heart disease can be developed. It has been analysed that the individual is at high risk when there
age is more. Mostly older people are at more risk for developing this disease.
Policy program and intervention related to the determinants
The state has implemented various policy related to cardio vascular diseases. The program
can be taken as the intervention that has been taken in order to reduce the problem related to
heart disease. The UK dietary policy has been implemented so that there has been a change in the
life style pattern to those individuals who are at the most risk of developing the heart disease. It
has been analysed that overweight people with poor diet and smoking of cigars are at the high
risk of getting the heart stroke so it is really important that these individuals are been involved in
taking better diet which contains nutrients in it. It has been analysed that the mortality rate of the
people who are below the age of 75 are at 105 per 100000. There has been a recommendation
from the United Kingdom government that the individuals must be involved in changing their
dietary patterns so that there health outcome improves and also they are been able to live a
healthy life and that too disease free (Taylor and et.al., 2016). They also need to be involved in
doing more physical exercise. This will assist them in enhancing their health outcome and also
they will be able to live a better life. It has also been analysed that nutritious diet with fibre in it
can also help the patients in saving them from other problem like diabetes and hypertension. This
will assist them in enhancing their quality of life and will also assist them in enhancing their
wellbeing. These policies are really important to change the life style pattern of an individual.
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Health promotion theories
Behavioural theory can be used in order to prevent the cardio vascular disease from
happening. In this health care professional can be involved in motivating and changing the
behaviour of people towards the health living style(Dupas and Miguel, 2017). They will motivate
them to be involved in physical activities and also quits alcohol and smoking. This will assist
them in enhancing the health outcome of the patient who has been suffering from the heart
disease. In this the nurses can also be involved in taking various health promotions techniques so
that the prevalence rate of cardio-vascular disease can be reduce. This will help them in
enhancing the health outcome of patients who have been suffering from this problem. It will also
assist them in enhancing their well-being. It has also been analysed that health care providers
also needs to be engaged in raising the awareness related to risk factor of heart related disease. In
this they need to provide patients with benefits of nutritious diet and also they must also be
involved in telling them about the ill effects of smoking and drinking. This will help health care
professionals in enhancing the health outcome of the patients who have been suffering from the
heart related problems.
Cultural/ social/ ethical issues related to determinant of health.
There can be various social issues related to the determinant of health. It has been analysed
that many patients are not been provided with access for heart related treatment because of the
inability to afford the same. It has also been analysed that there has also not been an equality
related to treatment process. People with higher income are been provided with better policy than
the people with lower income(Artiga and Hinton, 2019). This has seriously affected the health
outcome of low income group people. Age can also be one of the factors that have acted as social
issue for the determinants of health. It has been analysed that older people are not provided with
better heart related treatment as they are only going to die. The health care providers need to be
involved in changing this thinking and must be involved in providing better health care services.
This will assist them in enhancing the quality of life of patients who has been suffering from the
heart disease. The health related inequities must be reduced so that there can be an improvement
in the life of people.
Recommendation
In order to enhance the health outcome of people who are been suffering from the heart
disease, it has been suggested to them that they must be involved in changing their dietary as
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well as life style pattern. They also need to be aware about the early signs and symptoms related
to cardio vascular disease so that there health outcome can be improved and also the prevalence
rate of this disease can be reduced. It has also been analysed that they also needs to consume
nutritious diet so that their wellbeing can be enhanced. This will help them in overcoming heart
related problem.
CONCLUSION
From the above study it has been summarised that there are various types of determinants
that have been related to the increasing of cardio vascular disease. It has also been analysed that
the people who are less likely to be involved in physical activities have also suffered from the
heart related problems. These people may also be involved in consuming alcohol or smoking. It
has also been analysed from the report that people suffering from the heart disease has been
provided with behavioural therapy so that there life style pattern changes. This has assisted the
health care professionals in enhancing the health outcome of patients suffering from heart
disease. It has also been analysed that there has been various social issues which has been faced
by the social determinants of health. It has been analysed that people with lower income group
has not provided with better treatment facilities.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Artiga, S. and Hinton, E., 2019. Beyond health care: the role of social determinants in promoting
health and health equity. Health, 20(10), pp.1-13.
Dupas, P. and Miguel, E., 2017. Impacts and determinants of health levels in low-income
countries. In Handbook of economic field experiments (Vol. 2, pp. 3-93). North-Holland.
Taylor, L.A. and et.al., 2016. Leveraging the social determinants of health: what works?. PloS
one, 11(8).
Adler, N.E., Glymour, M.M. and Fielding, J., 2016. Addressing social determinants of health and
health inequalities. Jama, 316(16), pp.1641-1642.
Garg, A., Boynton-Jarrett, R. and Dworkin, P.H., 2016. Avoiding the unintended consequences
of screening for social determinants of health. Jama, 316(8), pp.813-814.
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