The Development of Autonomous Robots: A Comprehensive Analysis

This essay provides a comprehensive analysis of autonomous robots, exploring their development, impact, and ethical considerations. It begins by defining robots and examining their evolution, highlighting key characteristics like intelligence, movement, and sensing. The essay then delves into the trends in autonomous robot development, discussing their influence on various sectors, including industry, healthcare, and transportation, while also addressing the economic and social consequences of automation. The core of the essay focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of robots, such as increased productivity, efficiency, and the ability to perform tasks in hazardous environments, alongside concerns about job displacement, high maintenance costs, and the lack of moral judgment. The essay concludes by emphasizing the ethical considerations surrounding the use of robots, particularly the need for moral programming and the importance of addressing potential societal impacts. The paper emphasizes the need for responsible development and implementation of autonomous robots to maximize their benefits while mitigating potential risks.

Running head: AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
The development of autonomous robots will change our lives positively
and negatively
[Name of Student]
[Name of University]

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AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
Introduction
In the recent years, the exponential growth and advancement of
technological innovation and lead to the development of various automated
software and sophisticated robots that allowed the machines entre towards
the human cognition. Since the discovery of fire, human invention has
allowed and moved forward towards the improved productivity and efficiency
of work with the use of various innovation including electricity, internet,
computer and various robotics machineries. Therefore, while rethinking
about the future, wide range of innovation needs to be considered for
reshaping the characteristic of living. In spite of having significant
advantages, the innovative technologies are associated with considerable
negative impact. Today’s computer has the capability of generating insights
and recognizing patters that are utilized in legal research, medical diagnosis
and even fraud detection. Further, the application of robots has allowed in
conducting various tasks and activities within seconds that would have been
impossible with human performance. Stiegler (2017) showed that the
activities of the robots are continuous, not interrupted by nay lapses or
breaks. The tremendous revolution of technology has allowed in gaining
various social benefits including greater productivity, creation of new
services and products etc. The significant growth of population has forced
towards the development and creation of various technological
improvement.
This paper deals with the analysis of various impacts of autonomous
robots in human daily life. The autonomous robot has the potential to
improve the standard and quality of living. However, the advantages and
disadvantages of the robot are evaluated for determining the significant
impact of the technology in human life. Therefore, this paper aims at
evaluating how the advancement of technology like autonomous robot
shapes the human life.

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Development of Autonomous Robots
Robot:
Lewis and Canamero (2014) claimed that there exists no standard and
appropriate definition for robots. The aim and prior idea of developing
humanlike machines for executing and mimicking the human action has
resulted in the development of robots. Various authors, scientists and
industrialists have defined robots based on various characteristics and
functionalities. Further, the development of robots is based on several
common characteristics and features including intelligence, movement, and
sensing and energy utilization. Zheng and Akhmad (2017) have illustrated
robots as a detailed system with integrated software, power supply,
manipulators, control system, and sensors capable of performing any tasks.
Further, Tussyadiah, Zach and Wang (2017) showed that the programming,
building and designing a robot requires the combination of knowledge and
skills of computing, mathematics, structural engineer, electrical engineering,
mechanical engineering and physics. The functionalities and operations of
robots in multiple fields provide conventional operation and work to human
life.
In today’s world robots are being widely used in various domains of
work from education to medical science. With the significant growth of
robots has raised the questions among various people arguing about the
appropriateness and use of robots. Conde et al., (2016) claimed that the
development of robots and advancement of technology is essential for the
future advancement of human being. On the other hand, other half of
population claims that the application of robots have negative impact and
are dangerous to the human being and society. Although robots have help in
improving the production effectiveness while saving time, various aspect of
robotics are still undiscovered by the human.
Trends in Development:

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The advancement of autonomous robot results in the improvement of
cost, quality and speed of various services and goods in large numbers. On
the other hand, this has also the negative impact on the traditional model
and retirement savings and healthcare department of society. The outcome
of autonomous robots had made the significant impact on the economy.
Conde et al., (2016) showed that over the past few years, the applications of
autonomous robots in industries have significantly increased. Berlinger
(2013) illustrated that the failing market price of robots has allowed in
providing cost competition with human workers and uninterrupted work.
According to Berlinger (2013), a robot possesses the capability of executing
computer algorithm for stock exchange within seconds in service sector.
The increased widespread, capability and cheaper rate of robots has
started to replace the human workers in economy and working sector. Lewis
and Canamero (2014) illustrated that from the Greater Recession, the
increased use and trends in automation has forced the businesses to work
with lesser number of workers. On a contrary, with the resumed growth of
economy, industries have continued automation for their operation rather
than hiring additional employed. Zheng and Akhmad (2017) claimed that this
transition has lead to the continuous echoes resulted in massive valuation of
technology companies with few workforces.
Royakkers and van (2015) have provided example by showing during
2014, the evaluation of Google showed 55,000 employees and $370 billion
worth which was nearly one tenth workforce size of AT&T during 1960.
Although Tussyadiah, Zach and Wang (2017) have disagreement upon the
amount of robot usage in industries impacts the workforce. Tussyadiah, Zach
and Wang (2017) showed that use of automation robots has created
significant opportunities of new job in the industrial sector.
Robots are used in various restaurants for waiting and coking while
increasing the work efficiency. In addition to that, the development of robot

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driven cars has created significant advancement in the concept of driverless
cars. Sharkey (2014) showed that robots are extensively used by various
police departments for inspecting various dangerous and suspicious
packages. Robots are often used for deploying non lethal tactics and
surveillances. Medical science has also been impacted by the development
of robots. Robots are used in surgeries and critical medical care units in the
health departments. In addition to that, robots can be used for automatically
computing various alignments, analyzing medical situations and analyzing
the diagnosing impact on the patients. Robots are widely used in home
maintenance for increasing the efficiency of work and enhancing the lifestyle
comfort. Conde et al., (2016) have provided example by showing automatic
vacuuming robot Roomba for cleaning the household area and even help in
organizing the garden. The gradual development of robots could lead to the
time where, sick family members would be attended by robots for treating
the member.
Impact of Robotics in Human Life:
The increased use of robots has made significant implication in human
lifestyle and society functionality. Berlinger (2013) claimed that the impacts
are both positive and negative considering the consequences in human life.
Advantages: It is most essential for the human beings to determine
where and how to use the robots. Robots are being hugely used in wide area
from manufacturing, military, rescue missions to space. Robots have the
capability of reaching various places and areas that are unknown and
impossible for the humans. Stiegler (2017) showed various critical
information that allowed in the discovery and development of various new
technologies and even cure for several diseases. Robots can provide
continuous work without any interruption and break that allowed in
improving the efficiency of work done.

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Furthermore, robots have the capability of performing much better,
flawless and faster work when compared to humans. In addition to that,
Woisetschläger (2016) showed that the work done by robots is accompanied
by accuracy and consistency. Robots are being widely used in various
applications that help industries to increase their production and meet up
with the increased demand of supplies.
In medical departments, various robotic pets are used for treating the
patients with depression and improving the activity. In addition to that,
maximum numbers of robots are made automatic that allowed movement
without the interference and assistance of human beings. Therefore, robust
can be used in rescue mission ad tough environment for gaining information,
analyzing the environment and rescuing the trapped people.
In recent days robots are widely used in factories and manufacturing
industries for assembling cars or production. In construction supplies, car
manufacturing and development of plane parts robots are being used in
huge amount. Tussyadiah, Zach and Wang (2017) showed that in spite of
conducting jobs accurately and precisely, they requires human beings for
monitoring, managing and fixing the design and operation of the robot.
According to Berlinger (2013), robots can work 24 x 7 that allowed improved
work efficiency and productivity.
Furthermore, Stiegler (2017) showed that robots can harsh and hostile
environment and are not impacted by the environment temperature or
humidity. In many areas of work and inhabitable environment, the robots are
replacing the human beings. Tussyadiah, Zach and Wang (2017) claimed
that robots are designed with significant responsibility for managing
themselves and performing the tasks with greater responsibilities. This has
allowed the robots to reach Earth’s nadirs, digging up fuel and exploring
deep depths of oceans. Various limitations have been overcome with the use
of autonomous robots.

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Due to the autonomous nature, the robots are capable of doing time-
consuming and repetitive tasks with same efficiency. In addition to that, the
parameters like time and speed are adjusted for increasing the productivity
of work. Furthermore, Zheng and Akhmad (2017) showed that robots are
able to retain their complete functionality even after working for long hours.
The application of robots in industrial operations has helped in reducing the
safety and health issues during the work environment.
In various cases, humans results in manual errors due to the shaky
hands and tremble. Application of robots has allowed in eliminating the
issues and reducing the errors in manufacturing, assembly and production
process. Due to the versatile size and shapes, robots can penetrate various
areas and even conduct medical surgeries in more precise and faster
manner.
The robots are used in household appliances that are monotonous in
nature. Lewis and Canamero (2014) claimed that the use of robots in the
household, medical, manufacturing domain helps in improving the work
efficiency and standard of living.
Disadvantages:
In spite of having various advantages for the application of robots, it
has associated with various disadvantages. Lewis and Canamero (2014)
showed that robot operates with power supply and requires regular
monitoring and maintenance for ensuring proper operation of the robots.
According to Stiegler (2017), the development and maintenance of the robot
requires high financial budget for equipments and software.
Robots used in the manufacturing and industrial department are
replacing humans for better efficiency of work. In has resulted in fewer jobs
and recession in the market. The replacement of humans in various domains
has lead to huge unemployment of the employees.

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Furthermore, the repair and maintenance cost of the robots are
significantly high and the software and program needs to regularly updated
for suiting with the changing environment. During the break down of the
robots, the procedure for retrieving the data and past configuration could be
time consuming and costly.
The robots are developed to contribute to the society and capable of
performing efficient and error free work within limited time. But, with the
improvement of technology, various robots have been developed that are
widely used in warfare and medical domain. Berlinger (2013) claimed that
these robots, capable of destruction can cause catastrophe in falls into
wrong hand. Further, the robot does not have the capability of making moral
decision or judgment. Conscience and emotions are not integrated within the
robots. Therefore, the robots are capable of performing any jobs they are
assigned to; without judging the wrong or right judgments.
Ethical Consideration in Robots:
The ethical issue is considered as a significant consideration for using
the robots in industries and daily life. Conde et al., (2016) showed that there
exist no universal consensus for defining what is wrong and what is right for
the technological aspect. The robots have not been developed with the
capacity of making moral judgments. Tussyadiah, Zach and Wang (2017)
claimed that programming thee moral ability and judgment capability is a
difficult issue. According to Woisetschläger (2016), implementing the moral
ability within the robot make decision on behalf of the person operating the
robot. But, it has been observed that robotic cars saving might choose a
young child to save rather than the passenger during a crash.
Various robots are extensively used in warfare. Royakkers and van
(2015) showed from the Balkans conflict, a significant number of armed
robots and drones are used in wars. The use of lethal robots has created
huge security threats if the robots fell under the hands of wrong persons or

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terrorist groups. Lewis and Canamero (2014) claimed that the application of
drones for killing persons in wars eliminate the wrong conscience among the
people. The absence of responsibility and moral abhorrence has allowed
humans to take hundreds of life with the application of robots.
In the current society, the life of human being is considered more
valuable than a robot. Yet, ethical dilemma emerged when the humans are
being gradually replaced by robots for increasing the productivity and
efficiency of work. Further, the autonomous nature of robot has created
significant dilemma for making ethical decision while conducting a task.
Woisetschlager (2017) illustrated that resolving any situation with the use of
pure logic and without emotion has the potential to destruction and negative
impact to the society.

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Conclusion
Technology and human progress are interlinked with each other. In
spite of various positive impacts, the negative effects of robots on human life
cannot be neglected. From the evaluation of the impact and current trends
of autonomous robot, it has been observed that the advancement of the
robot has allowed in the increased employment of jobs and provided more
job opportunities of aged and average skilled workers. In addition to that, a
significant shift has been observed for the developing countries. The
significant impacts of autonomous robot are not straight forward. A rapid
change in the working condition and work culture are expected in the future
with the rapid incorporation of the autonomous robots with daily activities.
The future technological development along with the demographic change
and globalization has potential impact on the future society. In addition to
that, in the future, if the autonomous robots claim to lessen the job
opportunity, then thee industrialist and government need to identify efficient
way to use robots that would be beneficial apart from employment. Apart
from the industrial and manufacturing department, robots have found their
application in various domains. Therefore the trend and change in human life
is not impacted by the size of autonomous robots, but with the area of
application of the robots. The wide use of robots in real life has the ability to
provide intelligence work and luxury of lifestyle in the future. But, society
requires time for adapting to the changes and react to the advancement of
technology.

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