Development and Evolution of JavaScript: Analysis and Features Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the development and evolution of JavaScript. It begins with an executive summary, followed by an introduction highlighting JavaScript's role in enhancing website interactivity and client-side validation. The report delves into the language's development, including its designer, Brendan Eich, and its historical context within the evolution of the internet and web browsers. It examines the language's overview, implementation methods, and key features, such as object-based programming and client-side capabilities. The report also evaluates JavaScript's support for object-oriented programming characteristics and assesses its features, including code examples demonstrating validation and variable scopes. The report concludes by summarizing the key aspects of JavaScript's development and its significance in modern web application development. The report also includes references for further study.

Running head: DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF JAVASCRIPT
Development and evolution of JavaScript
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Authors note

2DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF JAVASCRIPT
Executive Summary
The following paper contributes to the brief discussion about the development and features
of one of the best scripting languages JavaScript. In addition to that, the overview of different
features, assessment of the features, and different issues related to the use of the scripting
language is also discussed in different sections of this report.

3DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF JAVASCRIPT
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................4
Language Development.............................................................................................................4
Designer / Developer:................................................................................................4
Language overview....................................................................................................................6
Implementation method:............................................................................................6
Features and constructs that characterize the language:............................................6
Language Evaluation..................................................................................................................8
Consistent support to the different OOP characteristics............................................8
Language Assessment................................................................................................................9
Conclusion................................................................................................................................11
References................................................................................................................................12

4DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF JAVASCRIPT
Introduction
In order to increase interactivity of the users with a website and offloading the user
data validation at the client end the JavaScript language is used. JavaScripts is also able to
combine multiple libraries whether it is locally available or imported from remote location
under a single name space for a web page.
JavaScript has turned into the predominant server side scripting language for the
development of present day web applications. Today, 95 % of the sites have customer side
JavaScript, regularly comprising of thousands of lines of code per application.
With the increasing popularity of the internet in the beginning of the 1990’s the users
were mainly connected with the internet through the 28.8 Kbps modems. As the size of the
pages were increasing at that time, thus it was time consuming for the applications to validate
the user inputs in a form by submitting them to the server and get the response from the
server with a roundtrip of data packets. This lead to the requirement of the scripting language
that can help in validating the user inputs on a form and does not require any form post back
to the server for validation.
Following report contributes to the discussion on the development of the Javascript
language, different time periods related to its evolution. In addition to that, overview,
evaluation of its different features and assessment of the features of the Javascript language is
also provided in different sections of this paper.
Language Development
Designer / Developer:
Brendan Eich developed the well programming language known as JavaScript. It is
nothing but an interpreted programming language which is used for enhancing the
interactivity of various kinds of web pages (Bray, 2017). On the contrary this language has
opened the doors to various kinds of security activities. JavaScript is known to be a
lightweight, object oriented language which generally comes up with first class function and
is known to be best for writing various kinds of web pages (Nikiforakis et al., 2012). In the
domain of web engineering security is considered to be well known aspect for development
of various kinds of web based system. Its framework is generally utilized for development of
various kinds of web pages. Modern type of web browser generally has two kinds of
restriction for enforcement of JavaScript which generally consist of mechanism of sandbox
and policy of same origin (Sen et al., 2013).
Year or Time period:
The development of JavaScript generally began in the year of the Nineteens. Netscape
communication has a feeling of strong presence in the young web. The browser of this
communication was development in the recent year. It was founded by the same group of
people who took a part in the development of Mosaic in the early 90s. Marc Andreessen who
is known as the founder of Netscape Communication and ex-Mosaic team need a method
which is considered to be more dynamic in nature. The scripting language of web needed to
be designed in such a way it can easily satisfy the need of various kinds of users. Sun and
Netscape decided to change of LiveScript to known platform which is known as JavaScript.

5DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript was developed in a hurry way so various kinds of special features are need
to be developed in a hurry into it. In the beginning it is seen that Netscape was seen to
preferred option for all the time and at the same time Internet Explorer was being developed
by Microsoft organization (Hedin & Sabelfeld, 2012). JavaScript made a considerable
difference in the domain of user interface and so the various kinds of competitive browsers
had no kind of choice and so they came up with the idea or goal for providing interface that is
JavaScript. This typical kind of feature will JavaScript to act like a language and helped it in
outgrowing. Internal name was provided to JavaScript which made use of various kinds of
JavaScript (Hedin et al.,2014). Firefox which is known to be grandson of Netscape has
implemented SpiderMoney which is known as name of the JavaScript engine. For many
years, Jscript and spiderMonkey is still known to be premier engine of JavaScript.
Domain and Category:
JavaScript is known to be an open source or method of script writing which is used
for general purpose. It is generally used for development of web and is currently embedded
into HTML (Gómez et al., 2013). Instead of various kinds of commands which are based on
output of HTML, JavaScript has many kind of HTML language which is being encoded into
it. Over the various kinds of server, the codes are executed which is generally send to various
kinds of clients.
In other words, JavaScript is nothing but an object based language which is depended
on various kinds of prototypes in spite of being class depended (Hackett & Guo, 2012). A
prototype depended language like JavaScript in general does not provide any kind of
distinction. It is simply based or depended on various kinds of objects.
Motivation and Intended use:
The origination of a document is generally based or depended on various kinds of
documents which are based on protocol, name of domain, port or various kinds of URL from
which various types of document is being loaded (Sridharan et al., 2012). An important
parameter which this particular policy does not limit the origination of the script. JavaScript
is designed in such a way that it cannot be easily accessed from another document which is
being loaded from a different origin. It can be totally accessed from another document which
is from a different kind of origin (De Leeuw, 2015). This particular technology has various
types of scripts included in it which can be easily used for various kinds of external domain
in the top level document of a webpage which is considered to be harmful or dangerous in
many situations. Script hosting sites are generally inclusive of various kinds of parameter
which is seen to a point of attracting various kinds of targets more specifically in cases of
files of JavaScript which is generally included by various kinds of website.
To reduce risk, website should avoid various kinds of external JavaScript by making
use of files of JavaScript from the similar website when it is seen or possible to use (Politz et
al., 2015). Various kinds of external script which is generally retrieved by making use of
connection based on HTTPS connection and generally should be stopped within a sub level
of various kinds of frame based on HTML. It has an origin from iframe which is considered
to be different from top- level of document.

6DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF JAVASCRIPT
90%
5%
0% 5%
Javascript
Flash
SilverLIght
None
Language overview
Implementation method:
JavaScript makes use of blends of compilation and interpretation which generally
aims in providing best kind of flexibility and performance for various kinds of programs.
JavaScript makes use of scripts for writing down various kinds of codes which is generally
accessed when it is required (Oren et al., 2015). It is generally different from traditional based
complied language which have certain of codes which are generally executed as per need or
requirement. Various kinds of scripts on the other side are making. Recompilation is
considered to be wasting of various kinds of processing time. In many cases it is seen many
script on the flip side has been taking longer time for various kinds of compilation.
In many cases it is seen it provides fast feedback time with the various kinds of
ongoing development. JavaScript can be easily used in other context in various kinds of web
browser. Netscape developed or created server side JavaScript as a kind of CGI language and
it can easily do the same kind of task which can be done by Perl or ASP (Osmani, 2012).
Client side of JavaScript has mainly been developed by making use of conjunction with
various kinds of pages based on HTML.
Features and constructs that characterize the language:
Feature of JavaScript:
Features Discussion
Object- Based languages JavaScript is well known object based or depended language
for scripting.
Light weight JavaScript is known to be a lightweight programming
language.
Control statement Every script in this JavaScript technology is based on the use
of semicolon and the statement can be easily terminated by

7DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF JAVASCRIPT
making use of semicolon.
Looping statement Major of the JavaScript technology makes use of control
statement which is based on C language.
Case Sensitive JavaScript is a case sensitive programming language.
In-built function An important parameter of JavaScript technology is the
creation of new functions with various number of scripts.
Generally, a function in JavaScript is declared with the help
of keyword which is known as function.
Client side technology JavaScript provides various kinds of user with more control
over the browser.
Source code examples demonstrating various kinds of feature’s and general
programming
JavaScript method of validation. The HTML form of validation can be easily done by making
use of JavaScript. The code for this given below:
function validate Form()
{
var y=document.forms["myForm"]["fname"].value;
if (y== "")
{
alert("Name must be filled out");
return false;
}
}
The above code is used in JavaScript so that user can easily get information regarding
the fact if the Name parameter is left out vacant during the filling up of various kinds of form.
So a message will be displayed containing the sentence” Name must be filled out “so that
user can easily get an information regarding the fact he/ she has overlooked an important part
of the form.
In addition to that, in the following segment the scope of the variables used in java
scripts code snippets are described. Mainly, two scope for the variables are used; these are,
function scope and global scope.
In JavaScript,
 A variable can be declared in a function block or scope and utilized solely
used inside the that function scope, i.e., not utilized inside any other function
blocks ( defined using functionScopeOnly).
 2. A variable is defined and declared inside a function scope however utilized
in block scope (blockScopeOnly).

8DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF JAVASCRIPT
 3. A variable is defined in function and utilized as a part of the two scopes
(bothScopes).
 4. A variable is declared inside a block scope and utilized solely in that scope
(blockRestricted).
 5. A variable is announced in square block however utilized outside the scope
(escapedBlockScope).
for example, the following code snippet can explain all the scope in brief,
function VariableScope () {
var functionScopeOnly , blockScopeOnly, bothScopes ;
if ( functionScopeOnly <40 ) {
console .log (blockScopeOnly );
var escapedBlockScope ;
blockRestricted = blockScopeOnly ;
}
Var2 blockRestricted;
escapedBlockScope =
Style of language
Some of the coding style followed by JavaScript are as follows:
 The codes make use of four space regarding the various kinds of tabs.
 In this hard limit of length of line which is being followed. The limit has been
set to only 120 characters.
 No kind of blank line should be there after the declaration of namespace.
There should be single line blank space which is generally use after
declaration.
 Opening space in relation to classes should be there after on the next line.
Generally closing brackets go next line after the body part.
Language Evaluation
Consistent support to the different OOP characteristics
JavaScript language is a well-known and extremely known as language by making use
of scripting server side. Various kinds of websites are developed with the help of this
particular language as it has easier method of processing and provides great amount of
response against the request of Web (Madsen, Livshits, & Fanning, 2013). The condition
depended on the performance is the HTML and JavaScript which generally work together in
a much better way.

9DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF JAVASCRIPT
Fig 1: Graph of use different of programming language
The current version of JavaScript supports the idea or concept of OOP (Object
Oriented Programming). Apart from this, it also supports single level of inheritance and
adaptation of abstract methods. Like all other modern type of OOP depended language it also
provides encapsulation of various kinds of variables and methods.
The development of web application makes use of HTML and CSS which is used for
displaying of various kinds of information to various users which are generally handled by
JavaScript (Fournet et al., 2013). There is advancement which is known as front- end and
server side which is used for various kinds of scripting languages.
During the development of various kinds of web application, designer and developer
makes use of HTML codes and various kinds of programming language which is used for
development of website and various kinds of application. Another problem which is being
encountered that is various kinds of web application are being used for fabrication of large
number of application which are complex in nature.
Language Assessment
This is an expressive programing language, utilized gradually for offloading
functionalities to the side of the end user and executing ongoing applications on the server-
side through the use of the development environments like Node.js. The language is
interpreted one. Therefore, due to the lack of the compilers it is not possible for the
developer to find out any error in the written code or optimize the performance of the
developed application.

10DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript is known to be a highly popular language for client side scripting.
JavaScript can be easily used for implementation of various kinds of features. Some years
back when flash software was not so much popular JavaScript technology was used for
addition of beautiful types of images to various kinds of webpages.
Browser Support: For accessing the various content of flash, the plugin of flash
needs to be installed in the browser. On the contrary, use of JavaScript does not need or
require any kind of plugins (Gardner, Maffeis & Smith, 2012). This mainly has resulted from
acceptance of JavaScript as scripting language and provides support in an integrated form to
it.
Works both on server side and client side: JavaScript need to access various model
of browser and in many cases it can easily change the whole structure of the webpages
(Agten et al., 2012). On the contrary JavaScript can be easily used for on both the sides that is
client and server.
Functional programming language: The function of JavaScript can be easily
assigned to various kinds of variables in way similar to other kinds of data types. Function
can be easily accepted as another parameter and can easily return in a form of function.
Support for objects: JavaScript handles objects and inheritance in a much different
way from known object oriented programming languages (Gruss, Maurice & Mangard,
2016). It is considered to be a well-known language for people who want to learn about
various kinds of programming language.
This Weakly typed scripting language makes it especially difficult to apply
numerous code analysis techniques/procedures that deal with statically wrote codes, for
example, Java. In addition to that this likewise empowers non concurrent callbacks through
different methods as example, setTimeout and XHR (XMLHttpRequest)for communicating
with the server. This leads to the error prone communications as well as difficult to follow.
This server side scripting language have simpler execution model. Being interpreted
language therefore it does not need development environment or any compiler. In addition to
that due to the client side validation of data on the browsers does not have to send back to the
server which in turn helps in saving bandwidth. The Script source code is downloaded at the
browser of the client end which does not have to be compiled on the contrary are executable
irrespective of the platform. In addition to that, it is also an event based language. As an
event-based scripting language, therefore different segments of codes are executed in a
different scenario. That is a certain code segment is executed whenever a certain event occurs
due to the user interacts with the web page on the browser. Simply, the language, it can be
said that a code block is executed whenever a user on the web page clicks a specific button
hovers the pointer over any object. The Scripts code can be interpreted by script-enabled
browser. One of the greatest drawbacks of this scripting language is, it is slower than
compiled code, and therefore it is not as powerful as compiled programming languages.
As mentioned previously, JavaScript is executed at the client end and mainly relies
upon the web browser being utilized by the user. Each of these programs translates JavaScript
in their unique way. This is expected to the particular executions of the JavaScript execution
engines in the web browsers. For example, FireFox utilizes its own JavaScript engine known
as SpiderMonkey, Chrome (by Google) utilizes its Chrome V8 which is developed and
written in C++. Then again, Apple uses JavaScript Core in their WebKit program and is
utilized inside Safari and their Application store. There are numerous JavaScript execution

11DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF JAVASCRIPT
engines from probably the known web browsers accessible, each with unique features from
each other. Along these lines, it is critical to test each JavaScript structure in whatever
number programs as would be prudent.
With all the above mentioned advantages there are some disadvantages too; which
are,
Security Issues related to the use of the Javascript codes, once attached with the
website pages execute on client end servers promptly and thusly can likewise be utilized to
misuse the framework. While a specific confinement is set by present day web page
developments, malicious code by the hackers can in any case be executed to within the
restrictions applied to the framework.
Javascript rendering deviates according to the execution engines. Thus different
browsers may render Javascript contrastingly bringing about irregularity as far as usefulness
and interface. While the most recent adaptations of javascript and rendering have been
equipped towards a general standard, certain varieties still exist.
Conclusion
In the different sections of this report we have described the brief history of the
development of the JavaScript language, its evolution, and assessment. Here we can
conclude that this language can help in dynamically modify a HTML webpage displayed by
the browser. In order to improve the user experience, it can react to user inputs to the forms
or text boxes, button clicks as well as validates user input. In addition to that, JavaScript can
be used to generate or cookies at the client’s browser to store the user preferences or
credentials. Most importantly, user interaction supported by the JavaScript’s codes does not
require any communication with the server leading to the reduced response time for user
interaction. Even though there are multiple issues related to the security of the use of the
Javascript, these can be prevented using some mechanisms. In case of the sites that
incorporate JavaScript from remote sources in administrative areas open themselves to
attacks in which malicious JavaScript is sent to client systems, potentially with severe attack
consequences.
In order to avoid this, CSP (Content Security Policy) can act as an effective tool that
permits web application developers to indicate from which remote locations their web
application is permitted to stack extra resources. Utilizing Content Security Policy, a web
application could be restricted to just load JavaScript resources from a predefined set of third
party providers. On account of typing error in the URL, a CSP strategy not containing that
same error will prevent the application to load the JavaScript from that mistyped URL.
Situations where a JavaScript-facilitating site has been traded off and is serving harmful
JavaScript in any case, would not be stopped by the use of CSP.

12DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF JAVASCRIPT
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