Development of the Rohingya Problem and its Impact on Bangladesh

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Rohingya problem, focusing on its development, the issues faced by Bangladesh, and potential mitigation strategies. The introduction outlines the ethnic tensions in Myanmar, particularly in the Rakhine state, leading to a mass exodus of Rohingya refugees into neighboring countries, especially Bangladesh. The study examines the background of the crisis, highlighting the oppression faced by the Rohingya population and the role of the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA). The research aims to analyze the current situation, identify the issues arising from the problem, and recommend solutions. The literature review discusses the denial of citizenship, religious differences, and political tensions. It also delves into the specific challenges faced by Bangladesh, including human security threats, health issues, and internal/transnational security concerns. The methodology outlines the research approach, design, data collection procedures, sampling techniques, and limitations. The data analysis explores the causes of the problem, the issues faced by Bangladesh, and potential mitigation strategies, which are then linked back to the objectives of the research. Finally, the report concludes with recommendations to address the complex challenges posed by the Rohingya crisis.

Running head: DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
Development of Rohingya Problem
Name of the student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

1DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
Table of Contents
Chapter 1-Introduction.....................................................................................................................3
Introduction..................................................................................................................................3
Background of the study..............................................................................................................4
Research aim and objectives........................................................................................................5
Objectives.....................................................................................................................................5
Research questions.......................................................................................................................5
Structure of the research..............................................................................................................6
Chapter 2- Literature review............................................................................................................7
Security of the humans.................................................................................................................8
Health issues................................................................................................................................9
Internal and transnational security...............................................................................................9
Terrorism threat..........................................................................................................................11
Security of the borders...............................................................................................................11
Restriction of the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.................................................................12
Chapter 3: Methodology................................................................................................................14
Research Approach....................................................................................................................14
Research Design.........................................................................................................................14
Data Collection procedure.........................................................................................................15

2DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
Sampling techniques..................................................................................................................16
Data Analysis.............................................................................................................................16
Research limitations...................................................................................................................17
Chapter 4- Data Analysis...............................................................................................................18
Introduction................................................................................................................................19
Theme 1:The various causes of the Rohingya problem.............................................................19
Theme 2:The issues faced by Bangladesh due to the Rohingya problem..................................20
Theme 3: Ways to mitigate the Rohingya problem...................................................................21
Chapter 5- Conclusion and recommendations...............................................................................23
Linking with objectives..............................................................................................................23
Linking objective 1: To analyze the current situation of Rohingya problem............................23
Linking objective 2: To analyze the various issues that arises from Rohingya problem...........24
Linking objective 3: To recommend ways to mitigate the issues faced by the people of
Bangladesh due to the Rohingya problem.................................................................................25

3DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
Chapter 1-Introduction
Introduction
In the recent years, there has been an ethnic tension in Myanmar. The tension has
developed in the Rakhine state of Myanmar and affected the neighbouring countries such as
Bangladesh and India (Beyrer and Kamarulzaman 2017). Development of this crisis resulted in
the huge number of refugees moving into the neighbouring countries to seek shelter (Farzana
2016). The mass exodus of the refugees resulted in the threat of the South Asian countries, as
they faced insecurity and threat of being over populated with Rohingya refugees (Rsis.edu.sg
2017). The problem arose in Myanmar between the minority community of Rohingya and the
dominating Rakhine Buddhist population, who have been prevailing in Myanmar for
centuries(Aljazeera.com 2017). The Rohingya people living in Myanmar have been oppressed
and dominated by the Rakhine Buddhist population and the Myanmar military (Beyrer and
Kamarulzaman 2017). This is done in order to get the country freed from the Rohingya
population (Rsis.edu.sg 2017). However, the long prevalentissue has been recently triggered
when the new armed organization Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) called for an all-
out resistance against the government of Myanmar (Aljazeera.com 2017). However, this resulted
in the army of Myanmar protesting this movement and fighting against the
Rohingyas(Rsis.edu.sg 2017). This direct confrontation between the Myanmar army and
Rohingya refugees resulted in one of the largest refugee outflow into the neighbouring countries,
targeting mainly at Bangladesh (Riley et al. 2017).
The intrusion of a large number of Rohingya refugees is a major issue as itresulted in the
feeling of insecurity among the native people of Bangladesh (Rsis.edu.sg 2017). The insecurity

4DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
among the Bangladeshi people regarding food and the cultural distortion resulting from the
invasion of the Rohingya refugees also increased with the increase in the number of refugees.
Background of the study
Owing to the tension among the Rohingya refugees and the army of Myanmar, the
Rohingya refugees have been fleeing to the neighbouring countries, with most of the refugees
entering Bangladesh (Aljazeera.com 2017). The intrusion of the Rohingya refugees to
Bangladesh resulted in security threats among the natives of the country. Their existence was
threatened (Farzana 2016). The security challenges faced by the refugees ranged from thenon-
traditional security encompassing transnational security, terrorism, internal security threats, and
militancy and endanger of the native Bangladeshis (Rsis.edu.sg 2017).
This problem between the Rohingyas and Rakhine Buddhist population has been a long
prevailing problem in Myanmar (Beyrer and Kamarulzaman 2017). However, with the attack of
the ARSA, the issue trigged with a greater intensity, and affected the neighbouring countries of
Myanmar specially Bangladesh (Aljazeera.com 2017). The sudden rise in the protests and
confrontation resulted in the need for carrying out in-depth research on the Rohingya problem.
The sudden rise in the number of Rohingya refugees’s leaving Myanmar’s borders resulted in a
major crisis in the neighbouring countries, with special mention to Bangladesh (Milton et al.
2017). The crisis includes the vulnerabilities such as human trafficking, lack of food, health
insecurities (Mouly et al. 2017). The citizens of Bangladesh felt that the integrity of their country
was threatened with such a huge influx. In order to ensure that no more refugees could cross the
boarders, Bangladesh restricted the movement of the Rohingyas into the country (Aljazeera.com

5DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
2017). This issue triggered as a global problem and the value of human lives fell at stake. Thus,
the need of in-depth research in the development of the Rohingya problem was needed.
Research aim and objectives
This research aims to analyse the Rohingya problem and shed light on the issues that are
faced by the people of Bangladesh due to the intrusion of the Rohingyas. The research also aims
to highlight the ways that the Rohingya problem could be successfully mitigated.
Objectives
 To analyse the current situation of the Rohingya problem
 To highlight the various issues that arises from the Rohingya problem
 To recommend ways to mitigate the issues faced by the people of Bangladesh due to the
Rohingya problem.
Research questions
 What is the current situation of the Rohingya problem?
 What are the various issues that arise from the Rohingya problem?
 What recommendations could be made to mitigate the issues faced by the people of
Bangladesh due to the Rohingya problem?

6DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
Structure of the research
The first chapter introduces the Rohingya problem, the background of the study. The
aims and objectives of the research has been identified and clearly stated. The second chapter
highlights the review of the relevant literature that isreferred for establishing a platform of study
of the Rohinya problem. The review of the various peer-reviewed journals imbibes in-depth
knowledge regarding the rise and wide spread of the Rohingya problem. The next chapter
highlights the research methodology that needs to be taken up by the researcher in order to carry
out the research successfully. The data collection and analysis of the collected data is done in the
next chapter. Finally, the last chapter highlights the conclusion, along with recommending
various ways to mitigate the Rohingya problem.

7DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
Chapter 2- Literature review
One of the tensions that have been prevailing in the world in the recent days is granting
of citizenship to the Rohingya refugees. The ethnic tension originated in Myanmar, due to
conflict between the Rohingya population of Myanmar and the existing Rakhine Buddhist
population, who are regarded the native population for decades (Adelman 2016). This tension
has been prevailing for the last five decade (Kipgen 2014). The major reason of this disorder is
that the Rohingyas have been denied citizenship by the government of Myanmar as they do not
fall within the defined ethnicities of Myanmar (Rsis.edu.sg 2017). Moreover, this population are
not descendants of the ancestors who settled at Myanmar before 1823 (Choudhury 2017).
However, the Rohingya population of Myanmar claims that they are descendents of the people
who settledin the country in the ninth century (Kipgen 2014). Though the accuracy of such
claims is questionable, yet they are not one of the thirteen recognized national races as per the
claims by some of the national and international new bulletins (BBC News 2017).The festering
citizenship issue is even more complicated by the religion of the Rohingyas. They are Muslim by
religion but their language is a dialect derived from Bengali (Thein 2013). These factors
prevented the Rohingyas from intermixing with the residents of Myanmar.(Choudhury 2017).
The majority of the population are Arakanese and follow the Buddhist religion. Another reason
of why the Rohingyas could not be an integral part of the citizens of Myanmar is the politically
ambitious nature of the Rohingyas (BBC News 2017). The Rohingyas hoped to establish their
own state. They formed clandestine political groupswhen Myanmar was fighting along the China
and Thai border (Aljazeera.com 2017).
However, the tension triggered recently with the birth of a new armed organization Arakan
Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) (Wolf 2014). This newly developed army send an all-out

8DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
resistance to the government of Myanmar as well as to the Myanmar army (Rsis.edu.sg 2017).
However, this triggered a counter attack from the government of Myanmar as well as the army,
resulting in a direct confrontation (Aljazeera.com 2017). This led to a huge number of Rohingya
refugees fleeing to the neighbouring countries, especially Bangladesh (Thein 2013). This issue
generated security threats to the countries of South Asia (Rsis.edu.sg 2017). The various issues
faced by the people of Bangladesh includes human or non-traditional security, transnational
security issues, internal security issues, militancy, border security, health issues as well as
terrorism (Thein 2013). The various issues that are faced by the people of Bangladesh are
discussed as follows:
Security of the humans
One of the major threats that are felt by the people of Bangladesh is the lack of security
(BBC News 2017). The Rohingya refugees are helpless group of people fleeing to various
foreign countries. Thus, they are vulnerable to various social oppressions and discriminations
(Aljazeera.com 2017). These refugees are vulnerable to oppression and human trafficking. They
face food insecurity, lack of shelter as well as health insecurity (Adelman 2016). It has been
reported that various international trafficking gang has been targeting Bangladesh in order to
make the Rohingya refugees a vulnerable target (Wolf 2014). However, with this the native
people of Bangladesh are also being a part of this target, thus increasing the rate of human
trafficking in the country. Moreover, many of the Rohingya families have fled into Bangladesh
without any male family member (Rsis.edu.sg 2017). However, this resulted in the young
women and girls falling prey of the human trafficking groups (Singh 2017). Thus, with the
immigration of the Rohingya refugees, the people of Bangladesh as well as the refugees became
victim of slave market and prostitution.

9DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
Health issues
Another issue that is faced by Bangladesh due to the intrusion of the Rohingya refugees
is a major food crisis and malnutrition. The people of Bangladesh, due to the unwanted arrival of
the Rohingya refugees, faced gross food insecurity (Singh 2017). Thus, a sudden increase in the
cost of the food products rose, resulting in an overall inflation (Aljazeera.com 2017). Moreover,
the Rohingya immigrants here suffered from malnutrition and various diseases due to neglect
and poor economy (Rsis.edu.sg 2017). Thus, the diseases that the refugees are affected with have
been spreading all over the native people of Bangladesh. This resulted in a situation of epidemic
where the pathogens would get easily transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person
through contaminated soils and articles (Zawacki 2013).
Since the refugees have been staying at densely packed and crowed camps, hence the
chances of carrying various diseases such as tuberculosis, cholera, skin diseases as well as
HIV/AIDS are high and could claim huge number of lives (Aljazeera.com 2017). Lack of clean
drinking water caused diseases such as diarrhoea and cholera. This led to the speared of this
epidemic disease to the local people of Bangladesh, from the Rohingya refugees (Parnini 2013).
Thus, the integrity of the people of Bangladesh, along with the safety of the people remained at
stake, due to the intrusion of a huge number of Rohingya refugees.
Internal and transnational security
The huge number of refugees entering Bangladesh could result in the alteration of the
internal security of the country (Azad and Jasmin 2013). This also resulted in the increase in the
number of crime incidents and thefts (Aljazeera.com 2017). The Rohingya refugees who
intruded into Bangladesh were poor and helpless (Rahman 2016). Hence, in order to ensure

10DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
security and financial stability the refugees involved in various criminal activities such as theft,
robbery, murder, human trafficking, kidnapping of the native Bangladeshi people (Loyal 2015).
Moreover, the criminal groups of Bangladesh are likely to exploit the turmoil situation, thus
increasing the overall crime rate in Bangladesh.
Since the conflict of the Rohingyas in Myanmar are with the Rakhine Buddhist
population, hence by giving shelter to the Rohingya refugees, the Buddhist population of
Bangladesh might become agitated (Al Masud et al. 2017). There are still situations where the
Rohingya Muslims are not allowed basic citizenship rights such as right to participate and
contest in civil services. This situation is likely to trigger a backlash on the minority community
of the Buddhist population among the native people of Bangladesh and result in communal
disharmony (Zawacki 2013). This situation might become worst, and a major challenge to ensure
communal harmony and peace (Rsis.edu.sg 2017).
Another issue that is faced by the people of Bangladesh is due to the geographical
proximity of the Golden Triangle and Golden Crescent, making the country a major attraction for
the drug smugglers (Rahman 2016). Evidence and reports have suggested that there is 15 % rise
in the smuggling activities related to unscheduled and banned form of drugs within the territorial
extremities of Bangladesh. The international drug smuggling groups might exploit the vulnerable
situation and use the Rohingya refugees as courier for the transfer of drugs that are banned
worldwide (Aljazeera.com 2017). Thus, the Rohingya refugees could be easily used in exchange
of money to trade in drugs, destroying the integrity of the country (Islam et al. 2016). The ease of
availability of the drugs will jeopardise the security of Bangladesh and increase the rate of the
criminal activities.

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Terrorism threat
The issue of the Rohingyas intruding into Bangladesh might have a severe effect on the
peace of the world (Mahmood et al. 2017). Many terrorist groups and militants have called for
jihad, as a response to the Rohingya crisis in Rakhine State of Myanmar (Loyal 2015). The
international terrorist groups have called for mass recruitment for jihad, and opened registration
for 1200 mujahideen volunteers (Aljazeera.com 2017). A right-wing Islamist organization
originating in Indonesia, named Front Pembela Islam (FPI),have been recruiting mujahideen
volunteers for the jihad in Myanmar in the defence of Rohinghya (Al Masud et al. 2017). These
terrorists groups have been taking advantage of the turmoil, thus increasing the security problem
(White 2017).
Security of the borders
The prolonged crisis that has been prevalent over Bangladesh, due to the intrusion of a
huge number of Rohingya refugees, have made the borders of Bangladesh unstable and
vulnerable (Parnini 2013). Bangladesh has been experiencing a turmoil situation in the borders
that the country shares with Myanmar, on land as well as in water (Islam et al. 2016). Reports of
violation of the air space of have been reported, where the air force of Myanmar had entered into
the air space of Bangladesh, thus violating the international security policies (White 2017).
However, as a preventive measure, it is impossible to seal-off the border that is shared by
Bangladesh and Myanmar (Mahmood et al. 2017). Thus, the conflict and instability in Myanmar,
and the threat faced by the Rohingyas, resulted in a threat to the borders of Bangladesh
(Aljazeera.com 2017). The people as well as the government of Bangladesh felt their existence
being threatened.

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Restriction of the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh
The above paragraphs highlight the various issues that are caused by the Rohingya
refugees intruding into Bangladesh. In order to curb the crisis in the country, Bangladesh has
restricted the movement of these Rohingya refugees (Aljazeera.com 2017). The government of
Bangladesh put a ban on these refugees preventing them from leaving the designated areas in the
country. More than 400,000 Rohinghyas have fled from Myanmar to Bangladesh, thus affecting
the culture and security of the country (Zawacki 2013). The government of Bangladesh has
issued a strict order against the Rohingya refugees. By the implementation of this order, the
refugees are prevented from leaving the camps and areas that the government has designated for
them (Islam et al. 2016). The government officials and police have strictly mentioned that the
Rohingyas should stay at the camps, until they return to their country (Zawacki 2013). The
government also mentioned that these refugees should not take shelter in the houses of any friend
or relatives staying at Bangladesh (Rsis.edu.sg 2017). Renting the local houses to the Rohingya
refugees are also strictly prohibited, by the government.Other restrictions imposed on the
refugees by the Bangladesh government includethe restriction of travelling through roadways,
railways or waterways (BBC News 2017). The buses as well as the trucks are prevented from
taking the refugees from one place to the other (Aljazeera.com 2017). The government
announced that they faced unprecedented crisis with the influx of 409,000 refugees. The
conditions at Bangladesh worsened when majority of the refugees moved to the south-eastern
border of Cox’s bazaar, living in squalid conditions (Rsis.edu.sg 2017). The intrusion of the
Rohingya refugees resulted in the highest number of refugees entering a foreign country, in the
past decades.However, most of the refugees opined that they might not have proper food and

13DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
shelter to stay (Rsis.edu.sg 2017). However, they did not want to go back to Myanmar, fearing
the discrimination, torture and oppression (Islam et al. 2016).

14DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
Chapter 3: Methodology
The purpose of this chapter is to provide description of the research methods and data
collection process used for the respective research work. Proper justification is also provided
after each section of research method.
Research Approach
The inductive style of research approach is applied in cases, where there is less volume of
data available. In case of inductive approach the initial stage involve proper observation of the
research subject. This will help in the development of new theory relevant to the research topic
(Taylor et al. 2015). Apart from that there lies the deductive approach which is mainly based
upon evaluating the already existing theories and propositions.
In the present context, the deductive research approach will be used where sufficient case
studies based upon the Rohingya Muslims will be investigated to find out the basic differences
between the normal Muslims and the Muslims of Rohingya origin. The existing literature will be
tampered to find out the major causes behind the discrimination faced by the Rohingya Muslims.
Research Design
The purpose of Research Design is to provide definite framework that can be applied in
the research topic. This approach would be implicated during the process of Data Collection,
which will help to improve the level of accuracy in the information collecting system. In case of
exploratory Research Design, the investigator gets the opportunity to acknowledge different
kinds of ideas and thoughts. On the other hand in case of explanatory Research Design, it is
possible to describe all types of incidents that are relevant to the research topic (Flick 2015).

15DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
There is also the descriptive type of Research Design that aims to gain significant details
about all the events that are relevant to the research topic. This type of Research Design will be
applied in the case of analyzing the issues related to the Rohingyas. It is possible to deal with all
type of causes related to the ethical issues that has been a major area of concern for the
Rohingyas.
Data Collection procedure
The process of Data Collection is the most vital step in any kind of Investigation work,
which can help the researchers to gather relevant information to draw suitable conclusion and
resolve issue. The major aim of Data Collection procedure is to accumulate and gather maximum
amount of information relevant to the research topic.
Silverman(2015), has mentioned about the importance of two kind of Data Collection
process usually used in every research work. Primary method of Data Collection is dependent
upon raw information that is collected directly from sample size of research. These kinds of data
are highly reliable due to the fact that it can help to provide the latest information relevant to the
research. This kind of data is mainly collected through the form of interview and survey, where
relevant questionnaires are being designed to collect maximum available information.
On the other hand, the secondary form of Data Collection is dependent upon gathering of
information from all past relevant journals and articles that are needed for the research work. For
the current research data will be collected from a number of databases and literature sources.
Some of the databases which will be used by the by researcher over here are CINNAHL, NCBI,
PUBMED being some of the few. The review collected from different literature sources will be

16DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
compared for the development of common themes. The themes will be further linked with the
objectives of the literature for arriving at suitable recommendations.
Sampling techniques
The sampling could be divided into random probability and non-random probability
sampling based upon which the relevant literature sources will be used for collection of
information regarding the Rohingya Muslims. In this respect, the non-random probability
sampling method will be used where relevant literature sources of the past 10 years have been
used for the collection of information about the discrimination issues faced by the Rohingya
Muslims across the globe.
Data Analysis
For the collection and analysis of the data both primary (qualitative and quantitative
method) and secondary research design could be used by the researcher. The primary data could
be divided into quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis is done with the
help of survey questionnaire whereas for qualitative analysis research questions could be used
(Gast and Ledford 2014).
In the current study the researcher will be using secondary data analysis for the collection
of data. In this respect, relevant literature resources will be used by the researcher for the
collection of sufficient data and information regarding the rohingya Muslims. The similar data
will be made into themes for comparative analysis.

17DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
Ethical consideration
Ethical consideration is an important part of the research methodology, which helps in
ensuring that means will be applied in conducting the research work. The ethical principle is also
necessary to ensure that the result of the research work will be used as reliable source for future
studies. Therefore, the researcher will need to be careful about the cultural sentiments of the
minority communities while conducting the research work. The research highlights the issue
faced by the rohingya Muslims living in the territorial regions of Bangladesh and Myanmar. In
this respect, they have to face constant backlash from other minority communities living over
there such as the Buddhist minority communities. Therefore, the researcher will need to be
careful while publishing the research fin slings assumptions. That is they should not contain
factual matters which can hurt the religious sentiments of the minorities living over there.
Research limitations
There are a number of limitations associated with conducting a research such as less time
availability, limitation of resources, language mismatch. In this respect, the researcher will face
issues with respect to language and content issues. This is because the Rohingya Muslims have
been seen to communicate in Bengali. Therefore, most of the literature sources talking about
them will be printed in Bengali. Alongside the Rohingya population are the most controversial
population spread across the globe in terms of their origin. Therefore, many countries including
Bangladesh and Myanmar have refused to provide them dominion status. They have been
deprived of sufficient and basic job opportunities. Therefore, different literature sources claim to
provide different reasons for the exclusion of Rohingya Muslims from, the mainstream.

18DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
Additionally, the contents are culturally sensitive and not sufficiently validated. Therefore, the
research might faces hindrances in arriving at suitable conclusion.
Timeline
The research work will be conducted within a period of 7 weeks with the help of
secondary literature sources and the timeline is provided in the table below:
Main activities/ stages Week
1
Week
2
Week
3
Week
4
Week
5
Week
6
Week
7
Topic Selection 
Data collection from secondary
sources
 
Creating layout 
Literature review   
Formation of the research Plan  
Selection of the Appropriate
Research Techniques
 
Secondary data collection  
Analysis & Interpretation of Data
Collection
 
Findings of the Data 
Conclusion of the Study 
Formation of Rough Draft  
Submission of Final Work  
Chapter 4- Data Analysis

19DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
Introduction
The findings and data analysis highlights the findings that are obtained from the research.
The findings of the research are summarized along with identify various themes that answers to
the questions and objectives that were stated at the beginning of the research. The data analysis
has a key role to play in analysis the results and findings that are obtained after conducting the
research (Adelman 2016). A review of the literature and relevant books and journals assist in
finding out the major causes the development of the Rohingya problem. The issues faced by
Bangladesh, due to the sudden intrusion of the 400,000 Rohingya refugees have been analysed
and highlighted (Aljazeera.com 2017). Various ways how this issue could be curbed down or
mitigated and how Bangladesh could be made free from the Rohingyas will be discussed in the
data analysis.
Theme 1:The various causes of the Rohingya problem
The Rohingya problem is one of the major ethnic tensions that had been prevalent for the
past few decades in Myanmar. The Rohingyas form a part of the population of Myanmar.
However, though they had been staying in Myanmar for years, yet they are denied of the rights
of citizenship (Rsis.edu.sg 2017). Moreover, the majority of the population that is formed by the
Rakhine Buddhist population oppressed the Rohingyas, along with discriminating them, thus
denying equality (BBC News 2017).However, the issue took a serious turn in the recent days
with the rise of a new armed organization Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA)
(Aljazeera.com 2017). This army called out for an all-out resistance to the government and army
of Myanmar (Zawacki 2013). Moreover, the review of various relevant literature highlights the
fact that the Rohingyas were never considered as a part of citizens of Bangladesh (Adelman

20DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
2016). Moreover, the Rohingyas are politically ambitious and hence they aspired to establish a
state of their own. When the Rohingyas were involved in a guerrilla war in the China and Thai
borders, the Rohingyas tried to establish their own state, taking the advantage of the
turmoil(Rsis.edu.sg 2017). The long prevailing issue between the Rohigyas and the Rakhine
Buddhist population resulted in discrimination and oppression of the Rohingyas (BBC News
2017). The denial of the citizenships to the Rohingya population, even though they have been
residents of Myanmar for years also resulted in the agitation among the Rohingyas (Rsis.edu.sg
2017).These are some of the major issues that resulted in the immigration of the Rohingyas to
the various neighbouring countries including India and Bangladesh.
Theme 2:The issues faced by Bangladesh due to the Rohingya problem
One of the largest intrusions of refugees that took place after decades is the immigration
of the Rohingyas in Bangladesh. More than 400,000 Rohingya refugees intruded into Bangladesh
at a time, thus overpopulating various districts of Bangladesh. Literature highlights that the
intrusion of Rohingyas into Bangladesh resulted in various issues (Rsis.edu.sg 2017). As
mentioned, the security of the natives of Bangladesh was at stake after the immigration of the
intrusion of huge number of Rohingya refugees (BBC News 2017). The refugees are vulnerable
to various forms of discrimination such as torture, human trafficking, and kidnap; murder along
with getting misguided by wrong inclinations such as substance abuse (Aljazeera.com 2017).
Reports and evidence have suggested that the drug intake and smuggling rates after such exodus
have increased at an alarming rate. Moreover, since the Rohingya refugees are poor, they get
drifted towards various criminal activities such as kidnap, theft and murder (BBC News 2017).
Thus, along with the Rohingyas, the natives of Bangladesh also became a hub of crime, with the
rate of crime increasing rapidly (Mahmood et al. 2017). As noted earlier, the people of

21DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
Bangladesh faced health issues as well, in addition to the prospect of communal war involving
the Buddhist population of Bangladesh
Theme 3: Ways to mitigate the Rohingya problem
Bangladesh has taken strict actions against the Rohingya refugees. The government of
Bangladesh has given orders that the Rohingya refugees cannot leave the designated camps and
allocated areas (BBC News 2017). The local people of Bangladesh have been asked not to rent
their houses to the Rohingya refugees owing to trust issues (White 2017).The buses and trucks
are asked not to carry the Rohingya passengers. Therefore, there has been massive discrimination
segregating the Rohingya Muslims from the rest of the populations. These restrictions have also
been propagated to the basic services and monetary resources (Rsis.edu.sg 2017). Strict legal
actions were taken against the Rohingya refugees in order to prevent them from entering through
the borders(White 2017). However, considering the humanitarian ground, the government of
Bangladesh designated specified areas for the refugee camps and instructed the police and
military to prevent these refugees from intruding deeper into Bangladesh, thus letting them take
shelter, until they return (Rsis.edu.sg 2017).
Another way to mitigate the Rohingya problem is to ensure the acceptance of the
Rohingyas as citizens of Myanmar and ensure the mitigation of the discrimination and
oppression on them (White 2017). However, in order to accept them as citizens they need to have
a legitimate origin which could only be guaranteed by sufficient community based education.
However, such political or legal decisions cannot be taken quickly. Thus, negotiation and
political understanding could be used as the best ways to mitigate the Rohingya problem. In this

22DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
respect, additional help is extended from some of the SAARC nations which provide alternative
employment solutions to the Rohingya Muslims.
Thus, the three themes that have been identified highlights the causes of the rise of the
Rohingya problem, along with identifying the various issues that have been faced by
Bangladesh, due to the intrusion of more than 400,000 Rohingya refugees. The various ways that
could be used to mitigate the Rohingya issues have been shed light upon, in the data analysis.
Thus, a clear understanding of the various dimensions of the Rohingya refugees have been
identified from the peer-reviewed literature and relevant book and journals that have been
reviewed in the literature review section.

23DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
Chapter 5- Conclusion and recommendations
From the research work it is clear that the ethnic issues related to the Rohingya tribes is
one of the major cause of concern for neighboring countries of Myanmar like India and
Bangladesh. In spite of the fact that this tension of the Rohingya tribes has lasted for nearly five
decades, recent days report suggest that the native population of Rohingyas illegally entered in
countries of India and Bangladesh.
This chapter will aim to provide of a conclusion of the research work, which is done based upon
the technique of linking with objectives.
Linking with objectives
Based on the interpretation of the findings, researchers will attempt to draw conclusion
that is aimed to find solution for the ethnic issues of Rohingyas. The findings of the research
work will be linked with and the objectives:
Linking objective 1: To analyze the current situation of Rohingya problem
From the findings of the research it is clear that security is one of the major concerns
associated with the Rohingya people. Due to the fact that most of the people within the
community Rohingyas are refugees, they can be a major cause of concern for the citizens of the
country. There is also high risk of criminal activities from the people within the Rohingya
community. This is mainly due to the fact that the Rohingyas do not have any form of
employment or food and health security. There also has been major issues related to human
trafficking, which increased in the recent times in Bangladesh region. Food insecurity and health
have been the major cases of challenges for the people of Bangladesh that is associated with the

24DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
refugees of Rohingyas. The unwanted arrival of the people has been a major accessibility issue
of food safety. Rakhine Buddhist and the Rohingyas have been fighting over several issues that
have led to the current situation.
As mentioned in the analysis section, the recent intrusion of Rohingya Refugees in the
region of Bangladesh and India has been the major cause of recent concern. The threat of
terrorism has also increased in the current stage due to the intrusion of several numbers of
Rohingyas from different areas and mostly in illegal ways. From the findings it can also be
concluded that recent rise of new armed organization Arkan Rohingya Salvation Army, has been
the cause of rising tensions between the communities of Rohingyas. It is relevant to mention that
due to the resistance act of the Army in Myanmar, the Rohingyas were forced to flee from the
nation and take part as refugee in Bangladesh.
In the recent days, the people of the Rohingya community have become more aggressive
politically in order to capture more power in the neighboring Nations. Due to the rise of illegal
cross border migration, the immigration of the Rohingyas has been one of the major causes of
concern for the governments of Bangladesh and India.
Linking objective 2: To analyze the various issues that arises from Rohingya problem
As mentioned in the findings, the issues of health and food security are the major cause
of concern that has occurred due to the problem of Rohingyas. The social discrimination has also
been one of the major causes of concern. The crime rate in Bangladesh has also increased due to
the intrusion of Rohingya communities. There is also the rise of risk that terrorist organization
can use this opportunity to infiltrate the border and plan act of conspiracy.

25DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
From the finding section it is clear that the risks of violation of human rights is also high
due to the fact that there is no monitoring policy implemented by the government in Bangladesh.
This is also mainly due to the fact that there is also the risk of activities like torture, kidnap,
murder and rape. There is also no legal framework that can help to protect the current condition
of Rohingya.
The findings section also highlights the fact that the drug dealer all across the globe
taking this opportunity to illegally carry out their business. The Rohingyas are also associating
themselves with the native criminal groups of Bangladesh and thereby increasing the risk of
illegal activities. The recent reporting also suggests about the health issues that are increasing
due to intrusion of Rohingya. This is mainly due to the fact that the Rohingya communities are
carrying virus of life threatening disease including tuberculosis and HIV. The finding section has
also highlighted about the various type of skin problems that are arising in Bangladesh due to
increase in the total number of Rohingyas.
Also highlighted up on the transitional security issue that has been the major cause of
internal security concern in Bangladesh. This is mainly due to the aggressive nature of behavior
all the Buddhist community. Hence this is causing the risk of communal war.
Linking objective 3: To recommend ways to mitigate the issues faced by the people of
Bangladesh due to the Rohingya problem
From the analysis section it is clear that the Bangladesh government has taken strict
action in order to mitigate the issues related to the Rohingya communities. In order to deal with
the issue in the most ethical fashion the government has implemented strict action to restrict the
movement of Rohingyas beyond the allocated Refugee camps. There are also fixed identity card

26DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
given to the Rohingyas that can be used in temporary basis in order to commute. Local people of
the Bangladesh have also been strictly restricted to interact freely with the Rohingyas. The
government has also implemented policy in order to deal with the health issue related to the
Rohingyas. This policy includes setting up of health check up centre in the camps for Rohingyas.
The Government of Bangladesh has also set up dialogues with Myanmar, which is aimed to
transfer few of the Rohingya communities to the Myanmar.
Therefore, conducting the research I have found that the Rohingya Muslims have been
unnecessarily discriminated on a number of grounds based upon their unstable origin and
identity. This is completely unfair on the part of the community to unnecessarily isolate them
from the mainstream. This is because the neglect is further pushing them towards devastation
and criminal activities. Thus, in my opinion they should be provided with sufficient opportunities
to become a part of the mainstream where they feel empowered and safe and the same could only
be ensured through equal right and opportunities to work and education.

27DEVELOPMENT OF ROHINGYA PROBLEM
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