Developments in the Practice of Management: A Comprehensive Report

This report delves into various developments in management practices, offering insights into Total Quality Management (TQM), Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory management, and the impact of technological innovation. The report examines the core concepts of TQM, including customer focus, employee involvement, and continuous improvement, along with its challenges. It also explores the principles and benefits of JIT, such as cost efficiency and waste reduction, while acknowledging potential problems like stockouts and supplier dependencies. Furthermore, the report highlights the significance of technological innovation, exemplified by the rise of the internet, artificial intelligence, and robotics, and how these advancements have transformed business operations. Environmental and sustainability issues, along with the transition from capitalism to post-capitalism, are also discussed, providing a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of management practices.

Developments in the
Practice of Management

Table of Contents
 INTRODUCTION
 Total Quality Management
 Just-in-Time
 Technological innovation as a driver of change
 Environment and sustainability issues
 End of capitalism and post capitalism
 CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
The presentation will discuss about different theories of management. Theories
of management are theories on the basis of which management can carry out
their managerial activities. Topic this study will cover are Total quality
management, just in time, technological innovation, environmental and
sustainability issues and end of capitalism and post capitalism.

Total Quality Management
TQM can be defined as approach of management
that focuses of long term success of organization.
In order to achieve long term success organization
works on gaining customer satisfaction. Ford
motor company is one of the organisation that uses
total quality management. Some of the concepts of
TQM includes customer-focused, total employee
involvement, employees at all level of organisation
participate in total quality management. process
centred, strong emphasis is placed on improving
process rather than product, continuous
improvement in which organisation work towards
regularly and continuously improving processes
and fact based decision making.

Cont..
Challenges of TQM includes-
 Required height wedding and development cost with an organisation
 Strong commitment is required from entire business organisation
 Total quality management requires regular audit which becomes a challenge
 Total quality management also require significant documentation because
diseases are based on facts and rigidity in process is also a challenges for
total quality management

Just-in-Time
ust in time theory of Management it is concerned with creating storing and keeping track of only not
orders to supply actual demand. In this theory of Management organisation create and store products
when they are ordered rather than creating and storing products for future demand. Toyota is example
of business using this approach and this approach was also introduced by Toyota.
Benefits of Just-in-Time
This is a more cost efficient production technique and this approach of Management also reduces
waste and improve productivity.

Cont..
Waste can be defined as any steps in process that does not add value for
customers. Causes of waste includes overproduction delays and process effects
of inventory and transportation.
Problems of JIT
 Running out of stock which can affect overall production process
 Organisation become unable to fulfill demand of frequent and unpredicted
orders
 Significant dependency on suppliers

Technological innovation as a driver of
change
Technological innovation can be defined as new or improved products and
processes which has technological characteristics that are highly different from
earlier technological characteristics. In other words it can also be defined as new
invention that are derived from research and development practices using
technological knowledge and tools. Example of technological innovation
includes internet artificial intelligence and robot.
Technological innovation has become very important for businesses. Sainsbury's
can be considered as example for this, Sainsbury's is a retail organisation who
operates through retail stores, technological innovation enabled company to
expand its reach and attract more customers through online sales.

Cont..
Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy can be defined as organization that involves multiple layered complexity, permanence,
division of labour and professional management, strict chain of command and legal authority.
Bureaucratic organizations are based on rules and formal authority within organizations.
Communication in bureaucratic organisations is based on hierarchy and using technology such as
internet and communication these levels can be reduced.
In addition to this using technology organization can also develop system for involvement of all
employees of organization working at different levels in organization.

Environment and Sustainability Issues
Environment can be defined as anything that surrounds people and this involves
physical, natural and chemical forces in surrounding.
Environmental issues are caused by several reasons including unsustainable and
wasteful use of resources, inadequate knowledge of working of nature, industrial
activities and industrial waste. British Petroleum is one of the example of
companies causing environmental issues. This involves their industrial activities
as well as issues like oil spillage.
There are several ways in which environment can be sustained and these
includes Recycling of Waste, Plantation, Reducing use of non-renewable energy
and resources.

End of Capitalism and Post Capitalism
Information Technology can be defined as use of computer for creating, storing and
retrieval of information is done. Information technology is being used by organisations,
individuals and government in several ways.
Organisations are using information technology to improve internal processes and as well
as for their communication outside organisation.
Individuals are using information technology to facilitate information gaining as well as
information sharing and also facilitating their activities.
Use of IT by government has made it easier for them to provide fast services to
community and public. For example- People can easily apply for different public services
through computer and internet.

CONCLUSION
On the basis of above discussion, it can be concluded that practices like TQM
and JIT can play very important role in improving organisational productivity. In
addition to this technological innovation is also important to achieve goals of
organisation and reduce bureaucracy with organisation.