This report critically examines diabetes as a chronic disease in Australia, highlighting its impact as the fifth leading cause of health risks and deaths. It explores the causes and symptoms of diabetes, differentiating between Type 1 and Type 2, and discussing risk factors like sedentary lifestyles and poor diets. The report details the social determinants influencing diabetes, its global and local burden, and the economic impact on healthcare. It discusses management strategies, including insulin therapy and preventive measures. The report also addresses the significance of public health initiatives and government policies in managing and preventing diabetes, including Medicare and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme provisions, and research funding. The report concludes with an assessment of the effectiveness of current strategies and suggests areas for improvement.