Clinical Problem: Diabetes Background, Significance, Prevalence

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of diabetes prevalence, its significance as a clinical problem, and its historical and societal context. It reviews literature on diabetes awareness among the US population, highlighting the disparities in healthcare access and the impact of social determinants on health. The report discusses the historical perspective, including the increasing number of diabetes-related complications, and examines the current incidence and prevalence rates in the USA, emphasizing the need for effective awareness and treatment strategies. It also includes a matrix of selected research articles, summarizing their purpose, design, results, strengths, and weaknesses. The report concludes by underscoring the importance of addressing diabetes as a critical health issue and exploring potential solutions to mitigate its impact on public health.

Running head: NURSING ASSIGNMENT

1NURSING ASSIGNMENT
Introduction and background
As per the World Health Organisation, diabetes has become the most critical life style
disorder affecting majority of the communities around the world and increasing the rate of
morbidity and mortality (Rowley et al., 2017). This report also mentioned that currently 415
million people around the world are suffering from diabetes and the rate would reach up to
642 million by the year 2040. In the United States of America, more than 100 million people
are diagnosed with diabetes (prediabetic included). Diabetes is considered as one of the
crucial lifestyle associated complication as depending upon the inequality of social
determinants of health the prevalence rate of this disease increases (Rowley et al., 2017).
The primary aim of this paper is to analyse the prevalence of diabetes and review the
relevant literatures that identifies the significance of this process in the care process. Further,
the way the history and prevalence of this disease affects the current clinical situations would
be discussed in this paper. Finally, the scope of solution of this clinical complication would
be discussed in this paper.
Significance
It is important to discuss about the diabetes associated clinical complications that the
population around the world and USA is suffering from as there are multiple health
complication that may arise of affect the health condition of people if undiagnosed (Rowley
et al., 2017). As per researchers it has been observed that due to undiagnosed diabetes
patients may develop risk of coronary artery disease and other critical cardiac health
complications, stroke and other life threatening complications and hence, it becomes
important to initiate discussion and spread awareness about this critical health complication
so that people could be provided with effective intervention to overcome their critical health
complication (Rutledge et al., 2017).

2NURSING ASSIGNMENT
Problem statement
While discussing this health complication one critical complication associated with
diabetes that should be discussed is the presence of awareness or health literacy of the
population about the critical health complications that they would be requiring for the growth
and development of effective abilities for diabetes control. As per Dwyer-Lindgren et al.
(2016), awareness and knowledge about the risk factors that could increase disease
prevalence among the population are the most critical and crucial aspect of health
promotional and disease prevention strategy. As the rate of diabetes prevalence in increasing
drastically in USA, this is one such problem that should be discussed so that the populations
could overcome their critical health complications (Dall et al., 2017).
Literature review about diabetes prevalence and awareness among US population
There are very limited research articles that discusses about the direct connection
between the lack of awareness and the increasing prevalence of diabetes in the American
community. However, there are researches that has been conducted to understand the number
of population reaching to the healthcare facilities for their treatment of diagnosis of diabetes.
It was seen through critical researches that indicate to the fact that the government is unable
to develop preparedness of the critical healthcare conditions among its population. As
mentioned in a research article by Taylor et al. (2019), the primary aim of the researchers was
to identify the level of awareness among the healthcare professionals and the level of racial
and critical discrimination the patients suffer from while seeking healthcare for their diabetes
condition. It was seen that the majority of the patients that were reaching out to the healthcare
facilities for their diabetic identification and treatment were non-Hispanics and white
population (54%) and after that African Americans (50%) were affected with this critical
health complication (Dall et al., 2017). Hence, from this aspect it was understood that both of
these communities are aware of the diabetes complications however are not aware of the

3NURSING ASSIGNMENT
preventive measures due to which all these population are being affected with this lifestyle
disorder. Further, it was also seen that one of the primary reason that the other communities
and this community is not showing up to the healthcare facilities because of the racial
discrimination associated complications. Therefore, from this research it was evident that the
healthcare facilities of USA should focus their health promotional strategies to disease
prevention strategies so that the population could increase their preventive knowledge
associated with a health complication. In an another research study conducted by Dwyer-
Lindgren et al. (2016) it was mentioned that all the research process that has been conducted
by the healthcare professionals around the world were inclusive of aspects that were
associated with large geographical areas of the country and hence, it was seen that
communities and areas that were not involved in the study were unable to understand the
prevalence and complex health complication associated with diabetes in the healthcare
facilities of USA. Therefore, from this research study, the researchers were able to identify
the process that indicates to the fact that disparities are one of the primary reason due to
which majority of the communities around the world are suffering from critical healthcare
complications and suffering from the risk of diabetes (Zhu et al., 2015). Hence, from this
study it was understood that application of proper health awareness without any racial and
communal basis. In another research study it was the aim of the researchers to identify the
best approach that would help to identify the aspects that would help the patients to overcome
the risk of diabetes and hence, in such condition, it was important to understand the critical
aspects associated with awareness, prevention and management. It was found that through the
application of advertisements and digital advertisements, it was easier to identify and apply
the health complications associated with the critical health condition (Islam, Hossain & Al
Mamun, 2019). Therefore, through these literatures, it was clearly identified that application

4NURSING ASSIGNMENT
of effective educational facilities would help the patients to overcome their risk of diabetes
prevalence.
Historical and Societal Perspective
As per Gheith et al. (2016), there are multiple social and historical factors that are
associated with the high prevalence and critical conditions that arises due to diabetes. As per
Islam, Hossain and Al Mamun (2019) there are multiple aspects that is associated with the
critical health complication of diabetes, such as their income their education, the access of the
community to the nutritious food as well as their physiological concerns associated with their
access to primary healthcare and physical activity levels should be discussed. as per the data
provide in the report of American Health it was mentioned that more than 28% women in this
country are physically inactive compared to 25% of men and hence they had higher
prevalence of critical diseases including diabetes. Further, as per Doulougou et al. (2016), it
was also mentioned that majority of the individual that are associated with diabetes condition
are unable to lead a healthy and effective lifestyle due to their diet and nutritional
preferences. Therefore, the direct impact of social determinants in the health complication
associated with diabetes was observed on this condition. Further, while discussing the
historical aspects of health complication it should be mentioned that every year more than 1.5
million people suffers from critical health complications associated with diabetes. Therefore,
these are the complications that are associated with the critical health complications of
diabetes.
Incidences and prevalence
The latest report of CDC USA mentions that USA has become the fourth largest
country which is affected with diabetes and as per the latest reports more than 100 million
people around the world are affected with this lifestyle disorder due to which they are

5NURSING ASSIGNMENT
becoming susceptible to critical health complications (Islam, Hossain & Al Mamun, 2019).
Within the states of USA, West Virginia has the highest rate of diabetes among the states of
USA with 15.2% prevalence rate. Therefore, all these discussion indicates towards the
importance of effective awareness and treatment of diabetes in American population (Rowley
et al., 2017).

6NURSING ASSIGNMENT
References
Dall, T. M., Yang, W., Halder, P., Franz, J., Byrne, E., Semilla, A. P., ... & Stuart, B. (2016).
Type 2 diabetes detection and management among insured adults. Population health
metrics, 14(1), 43.
Doulougou, B., Gomez, F., Alvarado, B., Guerra, R. O., Ylli, A., Guralnik, J., & Zunzunegui,
M. V. (2016). Factors associated with hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment
and control among participants in the International Mobility in Aging Study
(IMIAS). Journal of human hypertension, 30(2), 112.
Dwyer-Lindgren, L., Mackenbach, J. P., Van Lenthe, F. J., Flaxman, A. D., & Mokdad, A. H.
(2016). Diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes prevalence by county in the US, 1999–
2012. Diabetes care, 39(9), 1556-1562.
Gheith, O., Farouk, N., Nampoory, N., Halim, M. A., & Al-Otaibi, T. (2016). Diabetic kidney
disease: world wide difference of prevalence and risk factors. Journal of
nephropharmacology, 5(1), 49.
Islam, M. A., Hossain, S. A., & Al Mamun, K. A. (2019). A Proposed Web-Based
Architecture for Diabetes Awareness, Prevention, and Management. In Emerging
Technologies in Data Mining and Information Security (pp. 813-824). Springer,
Singapore.
Rowley, W. R., Bezold, C., Arikan, Y., Byrne, E., & Krohe, S. (2017). Diabetes 2030:
insights from yesterday, today, and future trends. Population health
management, 20(1), 6-12.

7NURSING ASSIGNMENT
Rutledge, S. A., Masalovich, S., Blacher, R. J., & Saunders, M. M. (2017). Diabetes self-
management education programs in nonmetropolitan counties—United States,
2016. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 66(10), 1.
Taylor, Y. J., Davis, M. E., Mohanan, S., Robertson, S., & Robinson, M. D. (2019).
Awareness of racial disparities in diabetes among primary care residents and
preparedness to discuss disparities with patients. Journal of racial and ethnic health
disparities, 6(2), 237-244.
Zhu, M., Li, J., Li, Z., Luo, W., Dai, D., Weaver, S. R., ... & Fu, H. (2015). Mortality rates
and the causes of death related to diabetes mellitus in Shanghai Songjiang District: an
11-year retrospective analysis of death certificates. BMC endocrine disorders, 15(1),
45.

Running head: NURSING ASSIGNMENT
Matrix table
Source Citation Purpose/Problem Design/Sample Instruments/Measures
[Include
Reliability/Validity]
Results [Include
actual data]
Strengths/Weaknesses
(included the rating
the
level of the evidence)
Taylor, Y. J., Davis,
M. E., Mohanan, S.,
Robertson, S., &
Robinson, M. D.
(2019). Awareness
of racial disparities
in diabetes among
primary care
residents and
preparedness to
discuss disparities
The purpose of the
paper was to identify
the knowledge of the
healthcare
professionals
regarding the lack of
awareness of
diabetes prevalence
Cross sectional
study
98 residents were
chosen within which
52 residents
participated in the
survey
20-question health
disparities survey was
used for this research
with healthcare
professionals.
demographic
characteristics of
primary care residents
responding to health
disparities survey were
Non- Hispanics and
African American
were associated
with disparities and
lack of awareness
related to diabetes
prevalence as the
rate of diabetes
were higher in
them.
This assessment did
not discuss about the
complications that may
arise due to personal
bias.
Level of evidence: 4b
(as per JBI level of
evidence)

1NURSING ASSIGNMENT
with
patients. Journal of
racial and ethnic
health
disparities, 6(2),
237-244.
conducted
Dall, T. M., Yang,
W., Halder, P.,
Franz, J., Byrne, E.,
Semilla, A. P., ... &
Stuart, B. (2016).
Type 2 diabetes
detection and
management among
insured
The aim of the paper
was to analyse the
knowledge of US
population about
analysis of blood
glucose levels and
understanding the
way they could
assess their
Survey data analysis
and medical claim
analysis were
conducted to
understand the
knowledge of these
population
Spearman rank
correlation
coefficients were used
to analyse the
healthcare facilities and
their professionals’
abilities to understand
the effectiveness of the
process.
It was seen that
majority of the
patients that were
diagnosed with pre
diabetes were
unable to control
their diabetes
condition as they
were unable to
The study was able to
analyse a large sample
without any
complication and
analysed their
treatment pattern.
The study only
analysed the patients
that were enrolled

2NURSING ASSIGNMENT
adults. Population
health
metrics, 14(1), 43.
glycaemic index. understand the
effectiveness of
analytical
processes.
under fee for service
aspects.
Level of evidence 2a
Zhu, M., Li, J., Li,
Z., Luo, W., Dai, D.,
Weaver, S. R., ... &
Fu, H. (2015).
Mortality rates and
the causes of death
related to diabetes
mellitus in
Shanghai Songjiang
District: an 11-year
retrospective
analysis of death
Analyse the rate of
mortality due to
diabetes so that the
rate of prevalence of
diabetes could be
identified
Data of mortality of
2654 patients were
collected so that
within them the rate
of diabetes could be
identified.
No such aspect were
mentioned in the
research article
More than 30% of
the deaths occurred
due to diabetes that
indicated to the fact
that majority of the
patients were
unaware of the
severity of their
health condition.
Researchers conducted
study in a larger
population so that they
could provide effective
analysis of the diabetes
prevalence. However,
they did not identified
the co morbidities, that
could also be the
reason of increased
mortality
Level of evidence: 4a

3NURSING ASSIGNMENT
certificates. BMC
endocrine
disorders, 15(1), 45.
Dwyer-Lindgren,
L., Mackenbach, J.
P., Van Lenthe, F.
J., Flaxman, A. D.,
& Mokdad, A. H.
(2016). Diagnosed
and undiagnosed
diabetes prevalence
by county in the US,
1999–2012.
Diabetes care,
39(9), 1556-1562.
The researchers
analysed the county
level trends of
diabetes so that the
patient could
understand the
effectiveness of it.
two-stage modelling
procedure and also
collected biomarker
data from the
National Health and
Nutrition
Examination Survey
(NHANES)
Researchers did not
analyse the reliability
of the research findings
as the personal bias
were not analysed.
The diabetes
prevalence ranged
from 8.6% to
26.4% in all the
county and
indicated the
disparities in
identification and
prevention of
diabetes condition.
The data analysed a
large proportion of
population in the
county so that the
patient’s data could be
used for analysis