Australian Catholic University: BIOL122 Type II Diabetes Case Study

This assignment presents a case study focusing on Mr. Philips, a 72-year-old patient diagnosed with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. The study delves into Mr. Philips' personal information, medical history, and the pathophysiology of his condition. It examines the clinical manifestations of the disease and the pharmacological management strategies, specifically addressing the use of Metformin and its potential for decreased effectiveness over time. The assignment also explores physiological changes across the lifespan and their impact on the disease process, including the development of drug resistance and potential complications like hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular issues. References from various medical journals support the analysis, highlighting the growing prevalence of Type II Diabetes and the importance of effective treatment strategies. The conclusion reinforces the increasing incidence of the disease and emphasizes the importance of considering individual patient profiles and the pharmacodynamics of prescribed medications.

Type II diabetes
Mellitus- Case
Study of Mr.
Philips
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:

Contents
• Introduction
• Personal information and medical history
• Pathophysiology -clinical manifestations and
pharmacological management
• Physiological changes that occur across the
lifespan impact on disease processes
• Conclusion

Introduction
• There is an increased risk of diabetes mellitus type II all across the
world.
• Diabetes is considered to be a major cause of heart attacks, kidney
failure, lower limb amputation and stroke.
• According to the reports of World Health Organization, there has
been an estimated 1.6 million deaths which has been directly cased
by diabetes (Ta, 2014).

history
Patient- Mr. Philips Effects
Pathophysiology Mr. Philips have been suffering from
hyperglycemia due to excessive glucagon
secretion.
Moreover, he also have been showing micro
vascular complications indicative of diabetes
mellitus II.
Symptoms
Mr. Philips have shown symptoms of being obesity
which have been linked to the increased risk of
cardio vascular diseases he has been suffering
from.
He also have been suffering from cholesterolomia
leading to this disease.

Pharmacological management
Drug name
Time period
of dose
(for the case
of Mr.
Philips)
Side effects Pharmaco-
dynamics
Pharmaco-
kinetics
Metformin Past 1 year
Nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea ,
weakness
It controls blood
glucose levels and
thus decreases the
insulin sensitivity.
It is not
metabolized and is
excreted in urine
with half life of 5
hours.
Prandin 6 months Diarrhea, joint
pain , headache
It is an oral
hypoglycemic
agent to the
sulphonuria sites
Binding on
pancreatic cells.
It is eliminated via
the biliary route
without
accumulation in
plasma cells.

manifestations
Obesity
Insulin
resistan
ce
Normoglycem
ia

Physiological changes that occur across the
lifespan impact on disease processes
• Increased drug resistance due to
prolonged dose of Metformin (Perez et al.,
2015).
• Example: Insulin resistance to the drug
metformin
• Prolonged diabetes could cause Mr.
Philips to develop conditions like
hyperlipidemia, arthritis, coronary heart
disease, vision as well as hearing
impairments (Magee et al., 2015).

Conclusion
• Over the years there has been increased cases of
Diabetes Mellitus type II.
• In this case the profile of Mr. Philips have been
considered who have been suffering from Diabetes
Mellitus Type II for the past 2 years and is 72 years of
age.
• The pharmacology and pharmacodynamics of the drugs
metformin and Prandin are included here (McGill,
2015).
• There is an increased rate of disease resistance due to
which Mr. Philips would not benefit from the drug
Metformin anymore.

References
Chen, E. C., Liang, X., Yee, S. W., Geier, E. G., Stocker, S. L., Chen, L., & Giacomini, K. M. (2015).
Targeted disruption of organic cation transporter 3 attenuates the pharmacologic response to
metformin. Molecular pharmacology, 88(1), 75-83.
Magee, M. J., Kempker, R. R., Kipiani, M., Gandhi, N. R., Darchia, L., Tukvadze, N., ... & Blum
berg, H. M. (2015). Diabetes mellitus is associated with cavities, smear grade, and multidrug-
resistant tuberculosis in Georgia. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 19(
685-692.
McGill, J. B. (2014). Anti-diabetes therapy: safety considerations for patients with impaired
kidney function. Postgraduate medicine, 126(3), 161-171.
Omotosho, I. O., Obisesan, O. B., & Oluleye, O. (2014). Sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in
diabetes mellitus and cataract patients. Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 3(1), 61-65.
Pérez-Navarro, L. M., Fuentes-Domínguez, F. J., & Zenteno-Cuevas, R. (2015). Type 2 diabetes
mellitus and its influence in the development of multidrug resistance tuberculosis in
patients from southeastern Mexico. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, 29(1), 77-82.
Ta, S. (2014). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care, 37, S81.

Than
k you
!