This essay provides a comprehensive overview of diabetes in Australia, examining current statistics, the disproportionate impact on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations, and the historical context of colonisation. It delves into the influence of social determinants of health, such as physical environment and healthy behavior, on diabetes development and progression. Furthermore, the essay highlights the cultural implications and obstacles faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians in addressing diabetes, including limited access to healthcare, cultural beliefs, and socioeconomic factors. The analysis underscores the need for culturally sensitive interventions and policies to mitigate the burden of diabetes and improve health outcomes within these communities.