Health Promotion Product on Diabetes Control in Elderly: Project

This project focuses on a health promotion product aimed at controlling diabetes in the elderly population within the United States. The project emphasizes the increasing prevalence of diabetes among older adults and highlights the associated risks, such as depression and falls. It adopts the Health Belief Model as its theoretical framework, focusing on constructs like perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and social support to promote self-management skills, particularly the use of glucometers. Measurable objectives include increasing knowledge about diabetes management and promoting the use of glucometers for self-monitoring. The project incorporates formative evaluation, including pretesting of different glucometer prototypes, to inform the development of the final product. The final product provides stepwise instructions on blood glucose control and promotes health awareness. It also provides an implementation and evaluation plan, including communication strategies through internet, pamphlets, and events. Evaluation methods include tracking activities, gathering feedback from elderly individuals, and assessing outcomes related to diabetes knowledge and self-management behaviors. The project's references encompass a wide range of studies and reports that support the project's findings and recommendations.

HEALTH
PROMOTION
PRODUCT ON
DIABETES
CONTROL IN
ELDERLY
NAME OF THE STUDENT:
NAME OF THE UNIVIERSITY

HEALTH PROBLEM:
 The prevalence of diabetes is increasing with
about 30.3 million Americans living with
diabetes
 Half of the newly diagnosed cases of diabetes
are found in people between the age of 45 to
65 years (Center of Disease Control and
Prevention 2017).
 The main aim of the campaign is to raise
awareness about diabetes and use of
glucometer to self-manage diabetes.
Target population group for the health
promotion product: Older adults with
diabetes in US.

INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE:
 The health promotion product targets elderly
people in US because of the growing burden of
diabetes in elderly
 Older adults are at more risk of depression, falls
and other complication because of poor glucose
control (Abdelhafiz et al., 2015).
 The common behavioural risk factor of diabetes
includes poor knowledge about diabetes, low
level of physical activity, unhealthy diet and poor
self-management skills
 The health promotion product ‘poster on benefit
of glucometer for diabetes’ is targeting the
behavioural risk factor of poor knowledge of
diabetes and its management.

THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE WORK:
Major contructs of the theory:
 The health promotion message has
been developed using the concepts
of the health belief model (HBM)
 Health belief model has been
selected as the theoretical
framework for the poster because it
is one of the effective model of
health education that targets
disease prevention
 The man constructs of the model
includes perceived benefits, self-
efficacy, social support,
susceptibility, barriers and severity
(Dehghani-Tafti et al., 2015).
 Targeting self-efficacy through the
health promotion poster can
improve elderly people’s capability
measure blood glucose level, adjust
diet and prevent hypogylcemia
(Beckerle & Lavin, 2013).

THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE WORK:
Measurable objectives:
The measurable objective of the
health promotion product is as
follows:
 To promote self-efficacy and
increase knowledge regarding
the importance of self-care in
diabetes management
 To increase awareness regarding
the benefit of glucometer on
self-monitoring of diabetes and
implement self-care measures to
control diabetes in elderly
 To prevent deterioration of
disease condition and educate
patient regarding effective
actions to be taken in case of
abnormal glucose level.

THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE WORK:
 The theoretical construct of perceived benefit
was incorporated in the poster by giving
statement regarding evidence of successful daily
self-management of diabetes on positive health
outcome
 The self-efficacy construct was included during
product development by providing easy step
wise instruction regarding use of glucometer.
 The social support element was included by
giving contact details regarding the services to
approach when people face any challenges in
using glucometer or when they are clueless
about the actions to be taken in case of impaired
glucose control.

FORMATIVE EVALUATION OF RESULTS:
The following formative results informed product
development:
 The evidence by Song et al. (2016) revealed the reason
behind development of glucometer for health promotion of
diabetes patient. The review of nationwide data on
prevalence of diabetes revealed that 10.9 million US adults
above 60 years suffer from diabetes. Majority of them suffer
from blood sugar stability. Hence, increasing access to
glucometer can reduce health risk and maintain blood sugar
level.
 The education and message related to increasing knowledge
about diabetes was informed by the evaluation of the study
by Soenksen and Mamat (2018). It revealed that prevalence
of diabetes is high among elderly because of lack of
motivation and poor skills regarding use of glucometer.
Hence, glucometer is a user friendly devices and this
message can be given to elderly so that they can use it on a
daily basis.

EARLY PROJECT PROTOTYPES
Although the health message was same, however the
project prototypes that were tested included different
types of glucometer. The purpose was to take those
which was easy to use by the target population group.
 The prototypes that have been tested were as follows:
 The first device displayed the sugar level by an LED
scale. This helps to reflect on high result as well as low
result in the form of diverse colors. The results are stored
and transferred with the help of Bluetooth to a mobile
phone.
 The second prototype is in the form of automated blood
glucose that helps to facilitate incorporating intensive
insulin therapy
 The third prototype is in the form of noninvasive device
that helps to detect nocturnal hypoglycemia. This in turn
helps to control night diabetes.

RESULTS OF PRETESTING RESEARCH
 The pretesting of the three prototypes
revealed that the first devices with LED
scale received more thumbs up from
public and they found the device to be
user friendly.
 While providing any device for self-
management, monitoring client’s
readiness to use the product is
important

FINAL PRODUCT
STEPS TO ACHIEVE BLOOD GLUCOSE CONTROL AND
PROMOTE HEALTH
Key benefit of Glucometer for
diabetes control:
•LED lights help to detect high and
low glucose value using different
colors
•It is an non-invasive technique
taking very less time
•It increases patient’s ability to
track changes in blood glucose
level on a daily basis
•It facilitates self-management of
diabetes and implementing self-
care strategies to stabilize blood
glucose level.
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high
blood sugar level, increased, urination and thirst
The key behavioral risk factors of the conditions
includes:
•Sedentary lifestyle
•Little or no physical activity
•Unhealthy diet
•Obesity
•Poor knowledge about the disease
•Poor self-efficacy and self-management skills
Factors increasing the risk:
•Impaired glucose control increase risk of heart disease,
diabetes neurapathy, fall and delay in wound healing
Significance of self-monitoring blood glucose:
•Patients are informed about deterioration in condition
•Treatment and self-care pathways can be implemented
on time
•Achieve glycemic control and prevent hypoglycemia
•Promote high quality of living

HEALTH COMMUNICATION
IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION PLAN
 Awareness would be spread about diabetes and
its detrimental impact on health of a person
 The efficacy of glucometer will be demonstrated
in relation to self-testing of blood sugar levels
 The communication should be sensitive to
participants need so that language barrier is
addressed
 Various communication channels would be used
in this regard such as internet, distribution of
pamphlets and flyers and the holding of events
to spread awareness of diabetes.

PROCESS EVALUATION
The evaluation of the program will be
done in the following ways:
• By maintaining a log about the activities
done by campaign workers daily.
• Taking feedback from elderly regarding
the use of glucometer and any barriers
faced in using it
• Analyzing positive outcomes in the
program by evaluation of diabetes
related knowledge in elderly, tracking
the self-management behavior of elderly
and evaluating changes found in target
people