Case Study: Managing Infection Risk in Diabetes Mellitus Patient

This case study examines the heightened susceptibility to infections in individuals with diabetes mellitus, focusing on the case of Geoff Beeliar, who presents with an infected big toe. It discusses the pathophysiology of diabetes, including Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, and how high blood sugar levels compromise the body's immune defenses. The study highlights common infections associated with diabetes, such as fungal infections and urinary tract infections, and emphasizes the importance of understanding these risks for effective patient management. The conclusion reinforces that people with diabetes have weaker immune systems due to lack of sugar and the need for comprehensive care to minimize infection-related complications.

DIABETES
MELLITUS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is defined as the chronic disease in which blood sugar that is a type of sugar level
is high from the normal level. In this, the people who have diabetes, the pancreas do not make
enough insulin. As per this, the hormone which is helps glucose get the cell bodies. In this report,
the discussion is made up on case study where the argument is based on question which state that
the diabetes people are more acceptable for infection. The pathophysiology, aetiology and
pharmacology has been elaborated (Cancienne and et. al., 2018).
MAIN BODY
In this, the most of cases which is associated with two type of categories. This include:
Type 1 diabetes: In this type of diabetes, the body do not have such ability to produce insulin. As
per this, the body break down the sugar and starch into form of simple sugar which called as
glucose, which is absorb in the body as per form of energy. Insulin is a hormone which is
required by body in order to get glucose from blood into the number of cell (Zylla and et. al.,
2019).
Type 2 diabetes: This is also most common type of diabetes. In this, body does not used the
secreted insulin properly. This is also called as insulin resistance (Ding and et. al., 2021).
High blood sugar level used to create hindrance in the body and make the whole body
weak and reduce the ability of immune defence (Diabetes, infections, and you, 2020). People
who is dealing with the diabetes that is associated for long period of time which have peripheral
nerve damage and reduce which is associated with blood flow to their extremities. Moreover,
they used to enhance the chance of infection and create complication. The high sugar level in
blood and other tissue use to allow the bacteria and pathogen to grow and allow infection which
help to develop more quickly also seen in the case of Geoff Beeliar who is infected with big toe
(Lipsky and et. al., 2020).
In this, the most of the common infection which is associated with diabetes is fungal
infection is associated with the patient nose and throat. In addition, some of symptoms are severe
ear pain and ear discharge. Therefore, the urinary tract infection which is added with the
uncontrolled diabetes which is one of the major cause for UTIs. These UTI are most commonly
caused by germ such as Escherichia coli, and many more. Kidney infection and the core of
inflammation is associated with bladder which is also a part of common infection in case of

diabetes. Overall, due to the decrease level of sugar it interrupted immunity of body and make
body susceptible for infection (Priyadarsini and et. al., 2020).
CONCLUSION
As per above discussion, it is well defined that the infection which is associated with
diabetes have many type and usually they create more complication and consequence with
patient. With the aspect of case study, it is analysing that the people with the diabetes have
weaker immune system due to lack of sugar have more chances to acceptable for risk of
infection.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Cancienne and et. al., 2018. Not all patients with diabetes have the same risks: perioperative
glycemic control Is associated with postoperative infection following knee
arthroscopy. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 34(5),
pp.1561-1569.
Ding and et. al., 2021. Molecular mechanisms underlying hepatitis C virus infection-related
diabetes. Metabolism, p.154802.
Lipsky and et. al., 2020. Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of foot infection in persons
with diabetes (IWGDF 2019 update). Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 36,
p.e3280.
Priyadarsini and et. al., 2020. Dietary infection of Enterobacter ludwigii causes fat accumulation
and resulted in the diabetes-like condition in Drosophila melanogaster. Microbial
Pathogenesis, 149, p.104276.
Zylla and et. al., 2019. Impact of diabetes and hyperglycemia on health care utilization, infection
risk, and survival in patients with cancer receiving glucocorticoids with
chemotherapy. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, 33(4), pp.335-339.
Online sources
Diabetes, infections, and you, 2020 [Online] Available through: <
https://apic.org/monthly_alerts/diabetes-infections-and-you/>