Mobile Application for Diabetes: Data Collection Plan Project

This project focuses on developing a data collection plan to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile application program in managing type 2 diabetes in adults aged 40-65. The study compares the American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet with a strict ADA weight-based diet over a three-month period, using mobile applications to monitor dietary intake, physical activity, and blood glucose levels. The data collection plan includes clinical outcomes such as changes in blood glucose levels, dietary updates, and physical activity. Satisfaction outcomes will be measured through exit interviews and feedback forms to assess patient satisfaction with the application. Cost outcomes will be evaluated using frailty scales and disability records. The plan outlines the variables, how they will be defined, measured, and the criteria for success, along with evidence for reliability and validity. The project aims to determine which dietary intervention, supported by a mobile application, is most effective in controlling blood glucose levels and improving overall patient outcomes.

Overview
Adults aged 40-65 years with type 2 diabetes can use the dietary intervention of ADA
diet versus a strict ADA weight based diet through the assistance of mobile application programs
in a span of 3 months. The use of mobile application programs for diabetes is a useful
intervention for self-management and it allows the patients to look after their wellbeing. There
are certain parameters that needs to be considered for a diabetic patient such as weight, diet,
smoking habits and the mental capacity to realize the necessity to maintain blood glucose levels
or A1c (Gao et al., 2017). The initiation of this project will require interventions and a data
collection plan, which will be explained through the data structure table (Table 1).
It is seen that diabetic patient during old age can have physical mobility due to the
complications of diabetes if they are not maintaining their blood glucose levels such as loss of
muscle mass, depression, dementia, hypoglycemia, poor blood circulation, stroke, and peripheral
neuropathy (Bianchi & Volpato, 2016). They need medical interventions with dietary
recommendations and physical activity to reduce the life threatening risk of heart failure, kidney
failure, loss of sight and sometimes cognitive dysfunction (Kalyani, Corriere & Ferrucci, 2014).
The symptom of weakness and weight loss can be measured with the help of Frail scale.
It is a scale used to understand the rate of fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illness and loss of
weight. The presence of these symptoms have to be the answered in the mobile application and if
more than 3 yes is identified then the person will be diagnosed of frailty (Steven et al., 2016).
The technique to reduce this issue is progressive resistance training exercise and the use of
protein supplements as it is under the weight loss diet by ADA. The ADA weight loss diet
suggests a diet rich in vitamin D and whey protein up to the total calories of 30% is required for

a better muscle function (Davies et al., 2018).. This will be measured through a diet record
application that will require the patient to update their diet and physical activities.
The feedback of these patients will be taken to understand which diet is beneficial for
them to control their blood glucose levels and it will be done with the help of exit interviews and
feedback forms given to them. The blood glucose will also be measured after three months of
this program with the help of test strip and blood glucose meter.

Table 1
Data Structure Table
Variable
type
Variable
name
How
defined
How
measured
Criterion for
success
Evidence
for
reliability/
validity
Clinical
Outcome
Blood
glucose
Electronic
Blood
glucose
meter
Change in
blood
glucose
levels are 3
months
It should be
between the
range of 72 to
99 mg/dl
while fasting
and 140
mg/dl after
eating.
Bianchi,
L., &
Volpato, S.
(2016)
Clinical
Outcome
Dietary
update
Calorie
update
application
Increase in
calorie intake
should
reduce in 3
months
The
recommende
d calorie
intake should
be as per the
ADA weight
loss plan.
Davies et
al., 2018
Satisfaction
Outcome Satisfaction
Exit
interview
Recommends
the
application
to fellow
diabetic
patients.
At least
enrolling
50% number
of users.
Gao et al.,
2017
Cost
Outcome
Physical
training
Frailty
scale
No of times
the
application is
updated.
The use of
the
application
should be for
5-6 hours
every day.
Steven et
al., 2016
Cost
Outcome
Physical
disability
Disability
record
Hospital
records
Getting
admitted
more than
ones.
Kalyani, R.
R.,
Corriere,
M., &
Ferrucci,

L. (2014).

References
Bianchi, L., & Volpato, S. (2016). Muscle dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: a major threat to
patient’s mobility and independence. Acta diabetologica, 53(6), 879-889.
Davies, M. J., D’Alessio, D. A., Fradkin, J., Kernan, W. N., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., ... &
Buse, J. B. (2018). Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus
report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for
the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia, 61(12), 2461-2498.
Gao, C., Zhou, L., Liu, Z., Wang, H., & Bowers, B. (2017). Mobile application for diabetes self-
management in China: Do they fit for older adults?. International journal of medical
informatics, 101, 68-74.
Kalyani, R. R., Corriere, M., & Ferrucci, L. (2014). Age-related and disease-related muscle loss:
the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases. The lancet Diabetes &
endocrinology, 2(10), 819-829.
Steven, S., Hollingsworth, K. G., Al-Mrabeh, A., Avery, L., Aribisala, B., Caslake, M., &
Taylor, R. (2016). Very low-calorie diet and 6 months of weight stability in type 2
diabetes: pathophysiological changes in responders and nonresponders. Diabetes
care, 39(5), 808-815.