Advanced Physiology 8373 Assignment: Diabetes Mellitus Report

This report delves into the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus, exploring its impact on glucose homeostasis. It examines the two main types of diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2, and the factors contributing to their development, including genetic predisposition, lifestyle, and aging. The report discusses the crucial roles of insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels, along with the involvement of GLUT transporters and various enzymes. It highlights the disruption of these mechanisms in diabetic patients, leading to hyperglycemia and complications. The report also covers current treatment strategies, such as SGLT-2 inhibitors and the potential of miRNA-based therapies, while acknowledging the limitations and adverse effects of existing medications. The report concludes by emphasizing the increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide and the ongoing efforts to develop more effective and safer treatments to re-establish normal glucose regulation in diabetic patients. The assignment is based on four recent research articles and addresses normal function, disrupted homeostasis, and treatment for the disease.