Diabetes Prevention: Causes, Statistics, Prevention Strategies Report

This report provides a detailed overview of diabetes, a common global disease, encompassing its definition, statistics, causes, and prevention strategies. It begins by defining diabetes mellitus and differentiates between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, along with pre-diabetes and gestational diabetes. The report presents statistics from the American Diabetes Association, highlighting the prevalence of diabetes in the U.S., mortality rates, and the impact of pre-diabetes. It explores the causes of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, including genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and insulin resistance. The report emphasizes the importance of controlling glucose levels and outlines prevention measures, focusing on healthy eating habits, weight management, choosing healthy fats, avoiding red/processed meat, and the importance of quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption. The information is intended to help individuals avoid diabetes, support those with the disease, and aid research students in understanding the topic.

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Running head: DIABETES PREVENTION
DIABETES PREVENTION
Student's Name
Institution Affiliation

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Abstract
This paper explores diabetes as a common disease around the world. It broadly defines
the topic; outline its statistics, causes, and prevention. This article has been written to help
persons from being diagnosed with diabetes; helps diabetes patients to overcome the disease and
also to help research students to understand the topic further. A research of 50 people picked
randomly shows that 32 of them either have diabetes or are a risk of being diagnosed with the
disease, 15 of them are at an age of 65 years and above and 10 are either obese or unhealthy.
Although this paper deals with diabetes, it also emphasis broadly on diabetes prevention
measures.
Introduction
Diabetes / diabetes mellitus, is a human disorder where a blood sugar/ glucose surpasses
their normal level either due to inadequate insulin production in the body known as type 1
diabetes or if the body cells are unable to respond properly to insulin (type 2 diabetes) or even
both cases (American Diabetes Association, 2014). A person can also have pre-diabetes which is
a case where the blood sugars are higher than normal but have not reached the levels of being
called diabetes. A person in this situation is more prone to getting type 2 diabetes. Glucose
comes from foods that a person eats mostly carbohydrates such as bread, rice, pasta, etc., while
insulin is a hormone that gets into a person’s cells to help glucose produce energy. Pregnant
women are at a risk of getting gestation diabetes as this facilitated by inability of the body to
make/use the insulin needed during pregnancy.
Statistics done by Americans Diabetes Association in 2015 shows that 30.3 million
Americans (9.4% of American’s population) had diabetes and 20.3% of that population was

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diagnosed and 7.2% were undiagnosed. Most of those patients were found to be 65 years and
above. The study also shows that 1.5 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes annually
and 81.4 million Americans of 18 years and above had pre-diabetes. The majority cause of death
in the year 2015 was proved to be diabetes with approximately 80,000 death cases pointing it as
the leading cause of death and approximately 250,000 death cases indicating that diabetes was a
contributing /underlying determinant of death (American Diabetes Association, 2015).
Diabetes type 1cause is usually unknown, what is known is that insulin-producing cells
are destroyed by immune system leaving insufficient insulin in the body. Scientists think that this
type is caused by genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. In type 2 diabetes which is the
most common type, cells become resistant to insulin and the pancreas which is used to make
insulin is unable to make enough of it to overcome this problem, causing glucose building up in
the body. This type is caused by lifestyle factors and genes including being obesity, overweight
and physical inactiveness (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014).
Endocrinologists are specialists in disorders such as diabetes, and as such, they manage
patients with diabetes. The primary goal in treating/preventing diabetes is mainly to control
glucose levels within normal range. To treat type 1 diabetes, a patient must take insulin mainly
because their body does not make this hormone and the patient can also use insulin pump as it
gives steady dose throughout the day. Patients with type 2 diabetes can manage this disease by
engaging in physical activities and making healthy food. Diabetes type 2 patients also need
diabetes medicines either pills or in extreme cases injecting insulin under the skin.
Diabetes prevention

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When people talk about diabetes prevention, they broadly mean preventing type 2
diabetes. Diabetes type 1 cannot be prevented but living healthy life, regular physical exercise
and eating healthy life can minimize chances of getting pre-diabetes (Dunkley, Bodicoat,
Greaves, Russell, Yates, Davies, & Khunti, 2014). Type 2 diabetes has various ways to avoid it;
the first way is eating healthy food. A person trying to avoid diabetes is advised to choose foods
with fewer calories and high fiber. The fiber grain reduces the ability of diabetes enzymes to
break down starch into glucose lowering sugar increase and glycemic index. The grain is also
well known to be rich in minerals and vitamins that help reduce the risk of diabetes.
Reducing excess pounds is a way a person can minimize the risk of diabetes. Research
shows that obese persons are 20 to 50 times more likely to be diabetic than an ordinary person
with a healthy weight. Losing 7% of an obese weight can help to reduce chances of being
diagnosed with this condition. A person with this target of losing weight should engage in
permanent changes of exercise habits (Ley, Hamdy, Mohan, & Hu, 2014).
Choose good fats rather than bad fats. Polyunsaturated fats are said to help prevent
diabetes type 2, they are found in liquid vegetable oils and nuts. These fats are also found in fish
(omega 3) and although they don't prevent diabetes, they help to prevent diabetes patients from
having a heart attack. Bad fats include fats found in margarine, baked and fried foods. A person
should also avoid red/ processed meat and instead choose poultry and fish. Research findings
from nurses’ health study shows that eating once 3-ouch serving of red meat increase of type 2
diabetes by 20%
Quit smoking and reduce alcohol consumption. (Diabetes Prevention Program Research
Group, 2015)A person who smokes has a 50% chance more likely to develop diabetes problems

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than a nonsmoker. A person with drinking problems should try to maintain a moderate range of
alcohol consumption to reduce diabetes risks.
References
American Diabetes Association. (2014). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes
mellitus. Diabetes care, 37(Supplement 1), S81-S90.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). National diabetes statistics report:
estimates of diabetes and its burden in the United States, 2014. Atlanta, GA: US Department of
Health and Human Services, 2014.
American Diabetes Association. (2015). Standards of medical care in diabetes—2015
abridged for primary care providers. Clinical diabetes: a publication of the American Diabetes
Association, 33(2), 97.
Dunkley, A. J., Bodicoat, D. H., Greaves, C. J., Russell, C., Yates, T., Davies, M. J., &
Khunti, K. (2014). Diabetes prevention in the real world: effectiveness of pragmatic lifestyle
interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and of the impact of adherence to guideline
recommendations. Diabetes care, 37(4), 922-933.

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Ley, S. H., Hamdy, O., Mohan, V., & Hu, F. B. (2014). Prevention and management of
type 2 diabetes: dietary components and nutritional strategies. The Lancet, 383(9933), 1999-
2007.
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. (2015). Long-term effects of lifestyle
intervention or metformin on diabetes development and microvascular complications over 15-
year follow-up: the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. The lancet Diabetes &
endocrinology, 3(11), 866-875.