This essay provides a comprehensive overview of diabetes mellitus, defining it as a chronic disease resulting from the pancreas's inability to produce sufficient insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. It distinguishes between type 1 diabetes, caused by the pancreas's failure to produce insulin, and type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance. The essay details common symptoms such as frequent urination, excessive thirst, and unexplained weight loss, and explains how diabetes affects various body systems including the heart, blood vessels, nerves, eyes, and kidneys. Current treatments focus on managing blood sugar levels through anti-diabetic medications and dietary control, while highlighting potential side effects of insulin treatment. The prognosis of diabetes involves the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and other complications, with type 1 diabetes posing more immediate threats like diabetic ketoacidosis. The essay also addresses the impact of diabetes on family lifestyle, including dietary changes and increased healthcare costs, and identifies support systems like Diabetes Canada that assist patients and their families. References to various research articles and organizational websites are included to support the information presented.