Diabetes: Public Health Message on Prevention and Treatment Strategies

This report provides a comprehensive overview of diabetes as a significant public health issue. It begins with an introduction to diabetes, defining the condition and exploring its prevalence. The report then delves into the different types of diabetes, including Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes, detailing their characteristics, causes, and diagnostic methods. It further examines the risk factors associated with each type, such as family history, genetics, obesity, and ethnicity. The report also discusses the impact of diabetes, including potential complications, and proposes various interventions for prevention and treatment, such as healthy eating, physical activity, and weight management. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of public awareness and proactive measures to mitigate the effects of diabetes. References are provided to support the information presented.

“Diabetes – A
Public Health
Message”
Source:Effective Strategies for Diabetes
Prevention and Treatment

Table of Content
 Introduction
 What is Diabetes?
 Types of Diabetes
 How Diabetes is diagnosed?
 Who does it affects?
 Why does it affects?
 How does it affects them?
 What can we do intervene?
 Conclusion
 References
Diabetes

Introduction
Diabetic issues consider as major health problems, that can affect
anyone. Globally, it has been estimated the prevalence of diabetes
for adults of age 20 and above was near about 387 million in 2014
where, it is expected to increase this rate approximate 592 million
people till 2035. In context with UK, more than one in every 16
people has diabetes (either diagnosed or undiagnosed) and currently,
there are 3.9 million people living with diabetes in the UK.

What is Diabetes?
Diabetes refers to one of the long-term chronic issue which arise in
body, due to lack of insulin. This hormone mainly helps in
facilitating the uptake of glucose for producing energy and in
promoting storage of glucose (Manurung and Siregar, 2019).
Therefore, in case of lack of insulin, results in increase the level of
blood glucose in body which in turn, potentially create the life-
threatening conditions i.e. diabetes.

Types of Diabetes
Illustration 1: What can you do to prevent diabetes?
Diabetes refers to a group of diseases in which body fails to produce
enough insulin for managing the level of glucose and transfer from blood
to cells (Shaw and et. al., 2020). This leads to raise high blood sugar
level and leads to raise many health problems. But before to evaluate
such health issues, it is essential to have knowledge of different types of
diabetes first, as mentioned below –
•Type 1 Diabetes
•Type 2 Diabetes
•Gestational Diabetes

Continue…
Type 1 Diabetes
Under this chronic disease, cells in the pancreas which produce insulin are
completely destroyed therefore, body seems not be able to make own
insulin for using glucose from food for energy (Stellefson and et. al.,
2019). When cells in body are enough then muscle tissues and liver store
extra glucose in the form of glycogen, which further broken down to
release energy during exercise, between meals and while sleeping.
Illustration 2: HOW TO MANAGE A CHILD WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES

Continue…
Type 2 Diabetes
This type of diabetes occurs when body cells are not able to respond or
efficiently use insulin. It leads to stimulate pancreas to make insulin
but if cells cannot longer use it, then in such case production of
insulin will decrease and in turn, raise the blood sugar in body
(Ahmadi and et. al., 2019). So, if Type 2 Diabetes develop then
body starts resists to respond insulin and cell starved for more
energy.
Illustration 3: Type 2 diabetes

Continue…
Gestational Diabetes
This diabetes also known as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM),
which mainly occurs when insulin-blocking hormones produced in
body during pregnancy. It typically develops when blood sugar level
rise up in women between 24th to 28th weeks of pregnancy (Sahin
and et. al., 2020). Therefore, it is not treated properly or poorly
managed, then in such case, it raises the risk of developing diabetes
in infants also.
Drawing 1: What is gestational diabetes?

Difference between types of diabetes
Since both types of diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 have similar
symptoms and leads to cause similar type of health complications,
but yet both are different from each other. This difference can be
measured in terms dysfunctions of cells, like in Type 1 Diabetes,
body stops producing insulin which is essential for survival and
move glucose from entire blood stream (Long and et. al., 2019).

How is diabetes diagnosed
Gestational diabetes – early symptoms of this disease can be
diagnosed when pregnant woman over the age 25 face problems like
excessive thirst, fatigue, snoring, blurred vision and need to urinate
excessively (Goruntla, Mallela and Nayakanti, 2019). Considering
rising of any such symptoms, screening tests helps in diagnosing the
signs of gestational diabetes, which doctors normally prefer to test
during 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy.
Illustration 1: Diabetes Diagnosis

Who does it affects
Diabetes is acknowledged to be a chronic disease which emerges
within the body of a human due to the absence of insulin. In this
relation, it has been identified that the shortage of insulin accounts
to an increment in the level of blood glucose within the human body
(van het Schip and et. al., 2020). Now, as already discovered, it can
be comprehensively said that diabetes is mainly of three types
named Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes.
All of these three kinds of diabetes are chronic. Now, it can be said
that in accordance with the types of diabetes, the persons affected by
it also tend to vary.

Why does it affects?
Risk Factors for Type 1 diabetes –
• Family history – if any sibling, parent or any other family member
with type 1 diabetes, then it slightly increases the risks of
developing its condition in upcoming generation.
• Genetic issue – Presence of genes in body increases risks of this
disease.
• Age – This disease might occur at any age, but first peak appears in
children with age 4 to 7 years old, while second peak occurs
between 10 to 14 years.