Managing Digital Organizations: Theories, Tools, and Models in Action

This assignment consists of five blog posts discussing various aspects of management within digital organizations. The first blog defines management and its resources. The second explores effective management, including Henri Fayol's organization theory, Management by Objectives (MBO), and the SMART method. The third blog delves into management theories, differentiating between classical and modern approaches, with a focus on Weber's theory of bureaucracy. The fourth blog uses Marks and Spencer as a case study to apply management tools and models, including SWOT analysis and Six Sigma. The final blog identifies common management issues such as ineffective communication and poor teamwork. Desklib provides additional resources and solved assignments for students.

Managing the Digital Organization -
Individual blog

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
Blog 1 – Management..................................................................................................................1
Blog 2 - Effective Management...................................................................................................1
Blog 3 - Management Theories...................................................................................................3
Blog 4 - Management Tools and Models....................................................................................5
Blog 5 - Management Models in Action.....................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Digital organisation is considered as the one which is acutely aware of modifications into
customer attitudes, not only upon what it desires but also related to how they interacts with its
brand. Moreover, this may gain the new opportunities for automating the client’s interactions as
well as procedures for delivering superlative experiences of consumers. Additionally, the key
intent in digital organisation facilitates clarity which instils involvement as well as confidence
(Bonnin and Alfonso, 2019). An authentic intent motivates an accumulative “they” mind set into
staff and business. Also, aim may empower staff for making decisions and perform into
alignment along with firm. The various benefits of digital change in organisation are business
development, huge effectiveness, obtain competitive advantage, grab the attention and retain
talent. The aim of this report is to create a 5 separate blogs on following topics that are
management, effective management, management theories, management tools & models and
management action.
MAIN BODY
Blog 1 – Management
Management incorporates the practices to set up the strategies of firm as well as coordinating the potential of their
staff for accomplishing their goals by the applications of available resources like monetary, technological, natural
and human resources (Camiller, 2021).
According to George R Terry, Management is undertaken as the distinct procedures
that includes planning, organising, actuating and controlling which are utilise into
art and science both as well as followed for attaining pre- specified objectives.
As per the view point of Peter Ferdinand Drucker, “Management can be described
as the procedures trough means of that the intent as well as goals of specified
individuals groups are evaluated, cleared and effectuated”. Additionally,
management is regarded as the multi-purpose aspects which manage a ventures as
well as manages administrative and maintain staff and task
Blog 2 - Effective Management
Effective management is considered as the extent to that managers may attain its targets with aids of organisational
resources. Moreover, effective management develops a tough activities simple through obviating scare resources
wastage. This develops living standards and enhances the profitability that is advantageous to ventures.
1

Additionally, society would obtain maximum productivity at minimal cost through developing employment
opportunities that produces revenues into hands (Chaffey, Edmundson-Bird and Hemphill, 2019).
Henri Fayol's organization theory is an essential model of how the board associates with workforce. Henri Fayol's
organization speculation is a clear model of how the board works together with personnel. Fayol's organization
speculation covers thoughts in an extensive way, so for all intents and purposes any business can apply his theory of
the chiefs. Today the business neighbourhood. The organization theory of Henri Fayol consolidates 14 principles of
the chiefs. From these norms, Fayol assumed that organization should connect with staff in five crucial ways to
control and plan creation.
1. Arranging: As shown by Fayol's theory, the load up should plan and schedule all parts of current cycles.
2. Putting together: Henri Fayol battled that as well as organizing a gathering connection, the board ought to
similarly confirm the significant resources overall (crude parts, workforce, etc) got together at the fitting period of
creation.
3. Staffing: Henri Fayol's organization theory communicates that organization ought to stimulate and facilitate
personnel activity.
4. Coordinating: As demonstrated by the organization theory of Henri Fayol, the chiefs ought to check that staff
collaborates in a supportive style.
5. Controlling. The last organization development, according to Henri Fayol, is for the manager to evaluate and
ensure that personnel follow the board's requests (Dunwoody, 2021).
MBO
MBO is a condensing for Management by Objectives, and was an articulation wrote by Drucker in his 1954 book
'The Practice of Management'. MBO is an assessment by which the introduction of agents is considered. The
association incorporates managers and their subordinates coordinating to perceive shared goals, portraying each
labourer’s area of commitment and expected results, and using these as a plan for a gathering and to measure its
show. Accordingly, an affiliation's targets and plans stream progressive and those comparable goals become
individual objectives for each person from the affiliation (Kretschmer and Khashabi, 2020). It continued to be
advanced by associations like Xerox, DuPont, Intel, and Hewlett-Packard, who all became unimaginable sponsor of
the preparation.
SMART Method
Following on from MBO, Drucker proposed the SMART strategy as technique for really checking the authenticity
of an organized objective out. The recently known notice of this standard was in a 1981 issue of the 'Organization
Review' by George T. Doran. In any case, it was Peter Drucker who proposed that bosses who are executing MBO
targets use this advantageous mental assistant as the principles to make sure that those objectives are express in their
point, quantifiable to follow progress, assignable to a specific individual, reasonable in their possibility, and time-
associated with attest when its perfection should typical by.
2

Blog 3 - Management Theories
Management theories are undertaken as the concepts surroundings suggested strategies of management, that can
incorporates tools like guidelines as well as framework which may be executed into modern firms. Additionally, it
depends upon a organisational objectives as well as the industry.
The board hypotheses are aggregation of thoughts which prescribed overall principles for how to oversee
element or business powerful. Besides, it additionally addresses how chiefs execute techniques to achieve business
targets as well as how they empower staff for performing at its higher capacities. It is mostly ordered into two
traditional administration hypothesis and present day administration hypothesis (Namasudra, 2021).
Classical management theory: Respective hypothesis is relies on accepting that staffs are having just
physical as well as efficient kinds of prerequisites and it don't concentrate upon work fulfillment or cultural
necessity in this manner, with helps of different old style the executives speculations, individual firm might have
exhaustive comprehension of the board viewpoints. Also, this fuses different hypotheses like logical administration
hypothesis, managerial administration hypothesis and others. Some of them are portrayed underneath:
Web hypothesis of Bureaucracy: This is considered as a solid administration hypothesis which fundamental relies
upon rudimentary standards of organization. Besides, this essentially thinks upon advancement of generic
relationship, work divisions, various levelled structure as well as execution of job. According to Weber, this have
been resolved that power is having acquiescence propensity by which individual might play out its activities inside
compliances as well as rules which the board into firm can be authorized. bureaucratic management theory is
proposed through Max Weber, who described that for effectively managing the firm, this is vital for having clarified
power line with appropriate norms, processes, as well as norms for controlling whole operations of the business.
Moreover, Bureaucracy is regarded as possessing control upon a group of individuals or practices by understanding,
power, or authority. It is any firm incorporates several divisions, all with rule as well as power of decision taking.
This is whole about them, from government organizations to administrative centre to school, so this is essential to
understand how system of government performs. Respective theory concentrates upon the two fundamental criteria
that are forming a hierarchical system within a firm
Max Weber and about his theory of Bureaucracy, one of the German sociologist and political economist named as
Max Weber who came forward with the concept of bureaucracy within administration. Additionally, he is having
beliefs that there might be just 3 authority types into company that is traditional, charismatic, and legal-rational.
Bureaucracy model of Weber have been broadly used within 1900s era through government organizations, firms, as
well as political institutions. So, the advantage of this to entities is as follows; the key benefit of a particular theory
is Specialisation or expertise, within bureaucracy management, the task is divided among the staff as per its
competencies, abilities, and proficiency that outcomes in job specialization within firm
3

Blog 4 - Management Tools and Models
Marks and Spencer has been doing business for quite some time. It is one of the best retail organizations in the
United Kingdom. Penny Bazaar at Kirkgate Market was the organization's first retail adventure. Throughout the
long term, the brand has framed various huge organizations from one side of the planet to the other. An abundance
of involvement is a gigantic resource for the organization.
• Shortcoming - the general population overall accepts that M&S doesn't offer apparel to youngsters and
teens. Many individuals accept that the organization just serves the old. Albeit this discernment is inaccurate, it has
cost the organization huge amount of cash. Regardless of whether the greater part are older, this doesn't infer that it
just serves the grown-ups.
• Opportunity - Marks and Spencer has an internet based store also. In any case, when we contrast the
organization's situation with that of the world's driving web-based retail web based business stores, like Amazon or
eBay. Then, at that point, M&S is lingering a long ways behind the opposition. Notwithstanding the way that the
organization is old, experienced, and has a solid brand name. Since individuals are getting more occupied and really
like to keep away from public and swarmed places, online business retail is the method of things to come (Pandey,
Nayal and Rathore, 2020). Subsequently, the organization ought to focus on the extension of its web-based store.
Truth be told, M&S as of late declared that the organization plans to sell attire and home products on the web.
• Threats- The retail market in the United Kingdom and all over the planet is turning out to be progressively
serious. Amazon, Tesco, John Lewis, ASDA, Debenhams, Sainsbury, Sports Direct, Morrisons, Gap, and Next are
some of Marks and Spencer's principle rivals.
It is assessed from organization's SWOT investigation that If it doesn't change its current procedure, it will steadily
disappear from the market because of the organization's solid rivals. Assuming the organization's worldwide
position is scaled, the brand's chart is moving lower. M&S, for instance, has been shutting down stores in the United
Kingdom, France, and China.
4

Six sigma
Quality improvement processes consolidate DMAIC (Design, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) and
DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, and Verify) of Six Sigma improvement projects. DMAIC is used for
existing cycles where execution comes up short in regards to presumptions, while DMADV is used for developing
new things/organizations to meet the ideal quality level. Many clients have a genuine feeling of consolation
understanding that an association has gotten quality awards accreditation. It gives the client sureness that they are
purchasing a first rate thing or organization. Quality distinctions are intermittently used by associations as a
publicizing contraption that is clear in their exhibiting and progression. In view of significant worth permit, a couple
of associations can tolerate charging a premium here and there. A quality awards affirms that an association or
affiliation has fulfilled a particular rule (Pearlson, Saunders and Galletta, 2019). It is assumed that if Marks and
Spencer uses six sigma, it will be easy to augment client commitment and trust.
Blog 5 - Management Models in Action
Management issues is considered as the any aspects that requires actions, research and decision through firm that
incorporates but not restricted to entity’s induction process; performance problems, ineffective communication,
award of benefits and payments and others. So, the various management issues that can be faced through company
are described below:
Ineffective communication
This is considered as other management challenge that managers face while supervising groups is guaranteeing
compelling correspondence. Since each colleague has an alternate character, there is an opportunity for
miscommunication occasionally. Correspondence issues can heighten and influence work connections and
usefulness (Peukert, 2019).
Poor team work
An absence of cohesiveness in a group can cause a few administrative issues. The group could experience
unfortunate correspondence or face difficulty functioning admirably together. Some colleagues might zero in
additional on finishing their particular responsibilities and less on working together with the remainder of the group.
This can detrimentally affect a venture's advancement and could actually influence the organization's drawn out
financial matters.
5

Time management issues
Managers are accountable for guaranteeing that the group finishes their work on time. On the off chance that the
group falls behind, it could influence other arranged plans and the organization's financial matters. This can make
pressure inside the group and lead to unfortunate usefulness or work quality. In their race to complete the task, the
representatives could lose their concentration and commit errors, bringing about amendments and more
postponements.
As per the above mentioned management issues, respective organisation my utilise some effective management
models and techniques are used that are:
Six sigma
Six sigma is undertaken as the method which renders firms techniques for developing the competencies of its
procedures of business. This maximise into performance as well as reduce in methods variation assists driving
towards minimisation and developments in profitability, staff morale and items & services quality. DMAIC is used
for existing processes where performance falls short of expectations, whereas DMADV is used for developing new
products/services to meet the desired quality level. Many customers feel more secure knowing that a company has
received quality award accreditation. It gives the customer confidence that they are purchasing a high-quality
product or service. Quality awards are frequently used by businesses as a marketing tool that is visible in their
marketing and promotion. As a result of quality accreditation, some businesses can afford to charge a premium in
some cases. A quality award certifies that a company or organisation has met a certain standard. A standard that
must be consistently followed, and where a company conducts business on a global scale, having an internationally
recognised quality standard accreditation may be required. Apart from this, standard that ought to be dependably
stuck to, and where an association conducts business on an overall scale, having an all around the world saw quality
standard accreditation may be required. The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award and the International
Standards Organization are two generally seen standards. It is assumed that if Marks and Spencer uses six sigma, it
will be easy to augment client commitment and trust.
MBO
MBO is an estimation by which the presentation of representatives is thought of. The interaction includes bosses and
their subordinates cooperating to recognize shared objectives, characterizing every worker's area of obligation and
anticipated outcomes, and utilizing these as an arrangement for a group and to gauge its presentation. Thusly, an
association's objectives and plans stream hierarchical and those equivalent objectives become individual goals for
every individual from the association (Pourmand, 2019). In addition to this, MBO approach is generally outcomes
into effective teamwork as well as communication. Additionally, this renders the staff with clear acknowledgement
of what is anticipated of them. Also, the supervisors sets objectives for all team members as well as each workers is
facilitated with a list of innovative activities.
6

CONCLUSION
As per the above report, it has been concluded that digital transformation within
organisation is vital. This may gain the new opportunities for automating the client’s interactions
as well as procedures for delivering superlative experiences of consumers. Additionally, the key
intent in digital organisation facilitates clarity which instils involvement as well as confidence.
An authentic intent motivates an accumulative “they” mind set into staff and business. Also, aim
may empower staff for making decisions and perform into alignment along with firm. The
various benefits of digital change in organisation are business development, huge effectiveness,
obtain competitive advantage, grab the attention and retain talent
7

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Bonnin, G. and Alfonso, M.R., 2019. The narrative strategies of B2B technology brands. Journal
of Business & Industrial Marketing.
Camilleri, M.A., 2021. Strategic dialogic communication through digital media during COVID-
19 crisis. In Strategic corporate communication in the digital age. Emerald Publishing
Limited.
Chaffey, D., Edmundson-Bird, D. and Hemphill, T., 2019. Digital business and e-commerce
management. Pearson UK.
Dunwoody, S., 2021. Science journalism: Prospects in the digital age. In Routledge handbook of
public communication of science and technology (pp. 14-32). Routledge.
Kretschmer, T. and Khashabi, P., 2020. Digital transformation and organization design: An
integrated approach. California Management Review, 62(4), pp.86-104.
Namasudra, S., Deka, G.C., Johri, P., Hosseinpour, M. and Gandomi, A.H., 2021. The revolution
of blockchain: State-of-the-art and research challenges. Archives of Computational
Methods in Engineering, 28(3), pp.1497-1515.
Pandey, N., Nayal, P. and Rathore, A.S., 2020. Digital marketing for B2B organizations:
structured literature review and future research directions. Journal of Business &
Industrial Marketing.
Pearlson, K.E., Saunders, C.S. and Galletta, D.F., 2019. Managing and using information
systems: A strategic approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Peukert, C., 2019. The next wave of digital technological change and the cultural
industries. Journal of Cultural Economics, 43(2), pp.189-210.
Peukert, C., 2019. The next wave of digital technological change and the cultural
industries. Journal of Cultural Economics, 43(2), pp.189-210.
Pourmand, A., Roberson, J., Caggiula, A., Monsalve, N., Rahimi, M. and Torres-Llenza, V.,
2019. Social media and suicide: a review of technology-based epidemiology and risk
assessment. Telemedicine and e-Health, 25(10), pp.880-888.
8