Project Report: Analyzing the Impact of Digital Technology on Business

This report provides a comprehensive project management plan focused on analyzing the impact of digital technology on Whitbread Plc's business activities. It outlines clear aims and objectives, including enhancing business functions through digital solutions. The plan incorporates cost, scope, time, quality, communication, risk, and resource management. The report includes a work breakdown structure and Gantt chart for project timeframes, along with small-scale research using qualitative and quantitative methods to meet project aims. The research is analyzed using appropriate tools and techniques, leading to recommendations and conclusions. The report also reflects on the value of the research and the project management process in meeting stated objectives and supporting learning and performance. This document is available on Desklib, where students can find a variety of solved assignments and project reports.

MANAGING A SUCCESSFUL
BUSINESS PROJECT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................2
P1 Devise clear aims and objectives for chosen scenario............................................................2
P2 Produce a project management plan incorporating the cost, scope, time, quality,
communication, risk and resources..............................................................................................4
M1 Produce a comprehensive project management plan............................................................7
P3 Produce a work breakdown structure and a Gantt chart to provide timeframes and stages
for completion..............................................................................................................................8
Task 2.............................................................................................................................................10
P4 Carry out small-scale research by applying qualitative and quantitative research methods
appropriate for meeting project aims and objectives.................................................................10
M2 Evaluate the accuracy and reliability of different research methods applied......................14
Task 3.............................................................................................................................................15
P5 Analyze research and data using appropriate tools and techniques for the chosen project..15
P6 Recommendations and conclusions......................................................................................20
M3 Evaluate the selection of appropriate tools and techniques for accuracy and authenticity to
support and justify recommendations........................................................................................21
Task 4.............................................................................................................................................22
P7 Reflect on the value of undertaking the research to meet stated objectives and own learning
and performance........................................................................................................................22
M4 Evaluate the value of the project management process and use of quality research to meet
stated objectives and support own learning and performance...................................................24
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................25
References......................................................................................................................................26

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Project costing...................................................................................................................5
Table 2: Communication plan.........................................................................................................6
Table 3: Project milestone plan.......................................................................................................7
Table 4: Work breakdown structure................................................................................................9
Table 5: Gantt chart.........................................................................................................................9
Table 6: Project logbook................................................................................................................12
Table 7: Performance Review.......................................................................................................22

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Work breakdown structure...............................................................................................8

Introduction
Business activities and operational functions of the organization are required to be managed by
each and every department of the organization so that they can gain the positive outcome and
result in the market. To manage the business activities in effective and proper manner, the
organization can use or implement the digital technology in their business. This report will
consider the case of Whitbread Plc organization as they are providing hospitality service to their
customers and it is important for them to use digital technology for enhancing their daily
operational functions. Currently this organization is facing many issues to manage their business
activities so to reduce this issue, the report will suggesting to implement the digital technology in
their business. The report will provide the project plan and will also conduct the research show
the importance and benefits of this project for the organization.
1

Task 1
P1 Devise clear aims and objectives for chosen scenario
Project Overview
Entire project revolves around project planning that support conducting research so as to achieve
objectives. It includes planning, controlling, organizing and monitoring forms a major part of
project planning (Meredith et.al.2016).
Project Title
‘Impact of Digital Technology on Business Activities’ is the main title of the project. It will
focus on influence of digital technology on various operations as well as activities of business in
Hotel Whitbread Plc.
Project Statement
Statement of the project reflects the importance of project scope, time as well as cost that are
essential for implementation of the project. The current project is related to study of positive and
negative impact of digital technology. The statement will help an organization to find out
appropriate solution for the barriers as well as its negative impact on business activities.
Aims and Objectives of Project
Aim
Aim of the project is to analyse the impact of digital technology so that various business function
of Whitbread Plc can be improvised. It aims to escalate the business functions related to
administration, storage, production, etc.
Objectives
 Major objective of entire project is to analyse the impact of digital technology to enhance
the functionality of Whitbread Plc.
2

 To understand the application of advancement in technology as well as its benefits to earn
competitive advantage in the market.
 To illustrate the importance of technology and its impact on organization to achieve
objectives.
 Overall objectives are also related to identify the success point of business activities after
implementation of technology to gain benefits in terms of profitability as well other
financial advantages (Westerman et.al.2014).
Problem Statement
In the environment of competition, utilisation of digital technology will support Whitbread Plc to
gain competitive position in the market. Current project aids in identifying and examining on
how technology influences business operations of an organization. For Top level management of
an organization, it is important to understand the utilisation of digital technology on business
activities. Technology plays an important role in achieving objectives along with overall success.
The report will focus on determining how to implement the digital technology throughout their
business.
The report will identify the current trends in the market that have higher influence on business
activities of an organization and therefore, it is important to identify the technological trend in
the market by identifying its impact on business and how to resolve it.
3

P2 Produce a project management plan incorporating the cost, scope, time, quality,
communication, risk and resources
Step1: Product scope
Project scope cover some included and excluded scope which will define the work required to be
completed within this project. Following are the included and excluded scope of the project:
Included scope  Involve the stakeholders which are mentioned for this project.
 Project manager can handle the report and proceeding of the project
as stakeholder.
 Implement the quantitative and qualitative research methods
 Conduct the observation from the research
 Create the project management plan which will create report,
figures and charts on the basis of research methods used.
 Provide questionnaires to the staff members Whitbread Plc with the
help of email (Papke-Shields and Boyer-Wright, 2017)
 Communicate the report and findings to the Whitbread managers
 Assign the roles and responsibilities to the team members
 Conduct the meeting with the managers
 Create online website as per the results of the research
Excluded scope  Training for the project is not required
 Other than the project manager no one is liable to take the
important decisions.
 Do not conduct face-to-face interview with the respondents
 Do not send the questionnaires to all the members.
 In the meeting do not discuss any other think apart from project
Step2: Discuss the success criteria for this project
With the help of the stakeholder suggestions and recommendations they can involve them and
develop interest of them in the project. The development of the interest will help them to achieve
the aims and objectives of this project. By covering all the expectations of stakeholders they can
achieve success.
4

Step3: Discuss the project assumptions
In this project it is assumed that the project will help Whitbread Plc to enhance their business
operations and increase the efficiency of the marketing, human resource or finance department.
This will increase the brand value of the organization to implementation of the digital technology
in the business operations (Kendrick, 2015).
Step4: Identify the required time and cost for the project
The project will require 49 days (1 month, 19 days) which is around 7 weeks to complete and
achieve their main aim. Apart from this they require budget of around $10,700 which is designed
as follows:
Table 1: Project costing
1 Start with planning process $2500
2 Make the proper design $2000
3 Identify the resources and allocate them as per requirement $1900
4 Identify the scope of improvement and implement the changes $2100
5 Complete the project and windup $2200
Total costing $10,700
Step5: Project deliverables
The project will deliver the impact of the DT (Digital technology) on the Whitbread Plc business
activities or operations which enhance the marketing, human resource or other department
performance.
Step6: Analyze risk
The conducted project includes the risk of management of budget, time and use of proper
resources which may delay the project (Crawford, 2014).
Step7: Risk and quality management
The identified risk in this project can be removed by risk assessment process, critical path
analysis and risk evaluation and prioritisation time strategy. This will maintain the quality of the
5

project. Identify the skills of the team members and delegate the roles and responsibilities which
help to manage the project resources (Heagney, 2016).
Step8: Communicate the plan
The project manager who is handling the whole project need to conduct the meeting and call all
the stakeholders and discuss the project with them. Following communication plan can be
followed:
Table 2: Communication plan
Take actions Involved persons Reason Duration Mode
Conduct conferences Project stakeholders Communicate the
plan
In the first week
of the project
In a meeting
Start the project Project stakeholders Communicate the
project scope
In the second
week
In a meeting
Current status Project stakeholders Review the progress
of the project
Once in a month In a meeting
Conduct meeting with
the project investors
Stakeholders, project
manager and investors
Communicate the
budget planning
In the first week
of the project
In a meeting
Auditing for the project Project stakeholders Identify the risk and
communicate it
In two weeks E-mail
Final project report Entire team Identify the final
outcomes
Last weeks of the
project
In a meeting
Step9: Implement the plan
Execute the designed plan by covering all the activities of the project. This is the final step
covered in this project that help to finish the project (Harrison and Lock, 2017).
6

M1 Produce a comprehensive project management plan
Table 3: Project milestone plan
Activities as per project plan 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 week 5 week 6 week 7 week
Gather the project information
Communicate plan with
stakeholders and investors
Project risk
Project proposal and elements
Create budget with the investors
Create project communication
plan for stakeholders
Appoint researcher and team
members
Implement the plan as per design
Finish and windup the project
7

P3 Produce a work breakdown structure and a Gantt chart to provide timeframes and stages for
completion
The project for Whitbread Plc starts from 25th December 2017 and that will be estimated to be
end on 18th February, 2018. Following is the work breakdown structure and Gantt chart for this
project:
Figure 1: Work breakdown structure
8
Planning initiation
Hold meeting
Set aims and objectives
Assign time
Project budget
request for project
approval
Identify the team
Commerce planning
Create risk assessment
Allocate the resource
Create Gantt chart
Conduct research
methodology
Execution
Devise the questionniare
Assess the survey
Conduct research
Create questionniare
E-mail the questionniare
Conduct the interview
and analysis secondary
data
Monitor the research
progress
Assess the performance
Analysis the research
and findings
Conduct meeting
Prepare findings
Communication
Compare the cost with
the budget
Report issues and
conduct final meeting
Conduct meeting with
management team
Communicate the results
Comtrol and monitor
Assess the project
performamce
Close the project

Table 4: Work breakdown structure
Activities covered Days Time
Project initiation 10 days 240 hours
Conduct meeting with management team 5 days 120 hours
Conduct meeting with the participants of
project
4 days 96 hours
Project planning 7 days 168 hours
Create the questionnaire for research 3 days 72 hours
Create the interview 2 days 48 hours
Conduct the questionnaire on phone 3 days 72 hours
Collect the information and analyze the
information
9 days 216 hours
Prepare the final report of the project 6 days 144 hours
Total 49 days 1,176 hours
Table 5: Gantt chart
Activities as per
project plan
1 week (25th Dec
2017- 1 Jan
2018)
2 week (2
Jan-9 Jan
2018)
3 week (10
Jan-17 Jan
2018)
4 week
(18 Jan-
25 Jan
2018)
5 week
(26 Jan-2
Feb 2018)
6 week (3
Feb-10
Feb 2018)
7 week (11
Feb-18
Feb 2018)
Project initiation
Identify team
Conduct research
methodology
Create questionnaire
Analyse the findings
from research
Conduct meeting
with management
team
9

Task 2
P4 Carry out small-scale research by applying qualitative and quantitative research methods
appropriate for meeting project aims and objectives
Research methodology
Research methodology cover the methods used in the research which define the ways to collect
the data for this research project. There are mainly two types of research methods or paradigms
used for this project research such as- quantitative and qualitative research methodologies.
Quantitative research methodology provides the numerical information on the other side
qualitative research methodology provide the information but not in numerical form (Mackey
and Gass 2015). These research methods are briefly explained as follows:
Qualitative research methodology
This research is also defined as the empirical research in which data is not presented in the
number format. Under this research, the researcher appointed by the organization can conduct
the research with the help of the questionnaire implementation which is related to identify the
digital technology impact on the business activities of the Whitbread Plc organization. For this
research the researcher has selected 50 respondents (10 are the managers and 40 are the
employees of Whitbread Plc organization). With the help of the questionnaire survey they can
take the suggestions and opinions of the organization employee regarding business activities
(Lewis 2015). Questionnaire prepared by the researcher explore the areas of organizations and
also investigate the opportunities and challenges digital technology provide to the organization
on their business activities.
Issues and strengths by using qualitative research
This research method is very time consuming which may delay the project to be complete. This
project need to consume less and for this small scale research is conducted by the researcher
which may forget to cover some important points. Sometimes issues regarding validity and
reliability are also suffered due to lack of time and criticism. Collection of the data and its
interpretation require more time which may delay the research. On the other side, involvement of
the Whitbread Plc employees in this questionnaire survey has reduce the chances of biasness as
10

they give the answer according to their own experience and knowledge in this project (McCusker
and Gunaydi, 2015). This will give the strength to the research and provide accurate data and
outcomes.
Quantitative research methodology
The data collected from the quantitative research is presented in the numerical format and that
allowed the manager of this project to put that data in the categories or measurable units by using
the measurement methods. The data collected from quantitative method was further translated in
the numerical format with the help of the graphs, tables, charts etc of the collected information.
Second questionnaire is prepared in the quantitative research method to conduct the research on
this project to identify the impact of the digital technology on the business activities of the
Whitbread organization (Choy, 2014). The collected data is presented in the numerical format by
the standardized questions of the research. The respondents are asked some questions in the same
order.
Issues and strengths by using quantitative research
This type of method not allows the respondents and participants to express their views fully or
explain their views in depth as per the questions asked. Lack of the knowledge about the project
and its topic which provide the negative impact on the project outcomes and this has also
increases the chances of missing some important information. Apart from the issues there are
some strengths received by the researcher (Riff et al, 2014). The statistical data provided by the
quantitative research help the research to get the accurate and reliable interpretation of the data.
Data collection method used in the research
There are two types of data collection method such as- primary and secondary method. Primary
data provide the fresh and new information about the project with the help of conducting
questionnaire, interview etc type of survey. On the other side, secondary research provides the
information from the survey which is already conducted in past (Palinkas et al, 2015).
Researcher for this research used primary data collection method in which they use the
questionnaire survey method which is conducted between the selected respondents from the
employees of Whitbread Plc organization.
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Table 6: Project logbook
No. of
weeks
Date Changes in
plan
Risk involved Impact of
that risk
Risk effect
on the
project
Mitigation
for risk
Future
actions
1 25th Dec
2017- 1
Jan 2018
No changes
required
There is no
risk
None None None Create the
questionnaire
2 2 Jan-9
Jan 2018
Change the
questionnaire
format
Questions are
not cleared
High Have
provide
inaccurate
analysis
Project
manager
need to
record the
questionnaire
so that can
ensure about
the collected
data
3 10 Jan-17
Jan 2018
Redone the
observation
part in the
research to
get the
accurate data
Data collected
in the research
is not accurate
High Have
provide
inaccurate
analysis
Project
manager
need to
redone the
part of data
analysis and
findings
Conduct the
phone
interview or
questionnaire
4 18 Jan-25
Jan 2018
Need to add
some
additional
qualitative
questions
Struggle is
faced by the
manager to add
additional
questions for
the
respondents
Low This have
miss some
important
information
and views of
the managers
Take extra
time to add
the questions
Conduct
effective data
analysis
5 26 Jan-2 No changes Time Moderate This will It is Evaluate and
12

Feb 2018 are required consuming delay the
project to be
completed
important for
project
manager to
learn the use
of mobile
phones for
conducting
the research
and collect
data
prepare the
research
findings
6 3 Feb-10
Feb 2018
No changes
are required
Risk in results
findings and
conducting the
official
meeting
Low Prepare the
result
findings and
discuss the
issues with
the team
members
Prepare the
project plan
by the project
manager and
ready to
distribute the
findings
Communicate
the outcomes
and complete
the reflection
of the project
7 11 Feb-
18 Feb
2018
No changes
are required
Risk is faced
while
communicating
the results
None The project
manager
need to
communicate
the results
with the
stakeholders
E-mail all the
details to the
members and
provide the
project
deliverables
and
timeframe to
the team
members.
Close the
project
13

M2 Evaluate the accuracy and reliability of different research methods applied
Current project have utilised primary data collection method as well as survey with the help of
questionnaire. Data collected with the help of questionnaire surveys is highly accurate and
reliable at the same time as data collected is represented in numerical and statistical format
which is very easier to simplify to draw conclusions (Taylor et.al.2105). Data is collected by
analysing the responses of 50 respondents and is stored in excel worksheets that further help
researcher to make appropriate calculation of figures. Graphs and figures stored in excel
worksheet depict the information collected in percentage form which is easy to understand.
Respondents are chosen randomly from the entire population so that data is collected without any
biasness and is free from cheating elements.
Qualitative research method is also used in combination with primary research but it is very
complex sometimes to draw conclusions. This is undertaken by conducting interviews from
respondents. It also supports collecting accurate and reliable data but is not as effective as
quantitative methods for conducting research. This method has high focus on collecting
subjective information related to impact of digital technology and its positive as well as negative
impact on organization such as Whitbread Plc.
14

Task 3
P5 Analyze research and data using appropriate tools and techniques for the chosen project
Following questionnaire is prepared by the researcher and given to the 50 respondents in which
10 are the managers and 40 are the other employees selected and table show the options for the
questions and number of respondents:
1. What is the impact digital technology put on the daily operations of the Whitbread?
Improve the hotel efficiency level 10
Reduce the extra time consuming activities 15
Enhance the performance level 20
Help to achieve the organizational goals 5
Total 50
20%
30%
40%
10%
Improve the hotel efficiency level Reduce the extra time consuming activities
Enhance the performance level Help to achieve the organizational goals
Interpretation or findings: The research is about to identify the impact of the digital technology
on the business activities or daily operations of the organization. Through the above data
collected from the respondents it is identified that 40% of the respondents think that digital
technology increase the performance level of the organization along with their employees. 30%
of the respondents are strict to the statement that DT has reduced the extra operational cost of the
15

organization while providing the hospitality services to the guest. 20% think that this will help
the organization to attain their goals but 10% think that DT will reduce the efficiency level of the
Whitbread organization.
2. What are the opportunities gained by the organization by using digital technology in
the business?
Provide the online services to the guest 20
Cut down the booking time or delay 10
Take time to attract the customers 15
Decrease the chances of amount errors 5
Total 50
40%
20%
30%
10%
Provide the online services to the guest Cut down the booking time or delay
Take time to attract the customers Decrease the chances of amount errors
Interpretation or findings: The above analysis is based on identifying the opportunities achieved
by Whitbread organization when they implement the digital technology in their hospitality
services. 40% of the respondents think that digital technology provide the online services
flexibility to the organization through which they can provide more comfort to their guest. Apart
from this, 20% of the Whitbread employees think that digital technology has reduce the booking
time for the customers because they can book accommodation and other facilities through digital
technology. 30% think that this will more attract the customers towards advance and flexible
16

services. On the other side, 10% are in the favour of reducing amount error in the finance
department.
3. What are the challenges faced by the Whitbread organization while implementing
the use of digital technology?
Create the requirement of training 30
Customers face issues while understanding the functions 15
Increase the installation cost and maintenance cost 5
Total 50
60%
30%
10%
Create the requirement of training
Customers face issues while understanding the functions
Increase the installation cost and maintenance cost
Interpretation or findings: Apart from the benefits and advantages received by the digital
technology there are various types of challenges which are faced by the Whitbread and their
departments due to digital technology implementation. It is analyzed that, 60% of the
respondents think that due to digital technology implementation the employee training cost is
increased for the organization because they need to train their employees for using digital
technology. 30% of the Whitbread Plc employees think that customer faces many issues while
understanding the functions and features of the digital technology or official websites of the
17

organization. Apart from this, 10% of the respondents think that digital technology installation
increase the maintenance and installation cost for the organization.
4. Did the utilization of digital technology will increase the revenue or profit ratio of
Whitbread organization?
Yes 40
No 10
Total 50
80%
20%
Yes No
Interpretation or findings: With the help of the digital technology implementation in the
Whitbread Plc they will gain many benefits and advantages but they can also increase the profit
and revenue of their business. This question is asked by the researcher to the respondents in
which 80% of the respondents are in the favour of the statement as they think that digital
technology help organization to increase the profit. Apart from this, 20% of the respondents
think that digital technology only increase the cost as this will not help to enhance the profit.
5. Do you think digital technology will increase the brand value of the organization in
the market due to proper operations management?
18

Yes 45
No 5
Total 50
90%
10%
Yes No
Interpretation or findings: This analysis show that 90% of the people think that digital
technology not only increased the profit and make operational activities easy but also help the
organization to improve their brand image and reputation on the market. But still 10% of the
people are not in this statement favour.
19

P6 Recommendations and conclusions
Digital Technology in the current scenario plays an important role in conducting business and
related activities as it will facilitate an organization to enhance the current product and services
by bringing innovation. Hotel Whitbread plc operates in hospitality sector and is based on
customer services to generate revenue which can be boost up with the implementation of digital
technology. From the above analysis it has been identified that adoption of technology brings
positive impact in the growth of business (Westerman et.al.2014). However, some downfall in
various business functions in observed which can be rectified with the usage of various
technologies like Cloud Computing.
Hospitality sector can utilise cloud computing for distribution of business related information to
its stakeholders with the support of common platform. This can ease the work of administration
department in an organization. In addition to this, to make consumers aware about its advanced
products and services, an organization must focus on social media marketing to increase the
demand of products and services in the market as well as to gain competitive advantage in the
market.
Conclusion
Report revolves around the analyses of importance of digital technology in hospitality sector.
From the research it has been identified that digital technology brings positive impact in business
activities in hospitality sector. It supports employees to minimise their work pressure and
increases their productivity to ac achieve the organizational objectives.
20

M3 Evaluate the selection of appropriate tools and techniques for accuracy and authenticity to
support and justify recommendations
Various types of data collection methods are utilised by the researcher to gather information
related to digital technology from the market. Small scale research is undertaken to which
utilises primary data collection method to get the appropriate information related to the topic of
the research. Data is collected by distributing questionnaires to 50 respondents who are selected
in random manner from the entire population. Answers of respondents are considered as
important source for better understanding of the topic as their responses are based on practical
experiences which minimises the impact of biasness. Quantitative research method is based on
evaluation of numerical information gathered from questionnaire as well as interview which
provides appropriate information (Bryman, 2017). Recommendations are based on the statistical
data which supports minimising the negative influence on business organization.
21

Task 4
P7 Reflect on the value of undertaking the research to meet stated objectives and own learning
and performance
Research is undertaken to understand the importance of digital technology in business functions
which is effectively analysed in the research. Research is conducted in an effective manner so as
to draw conclusions in accordance with relevant topic. Current report includes project
management plan in addition to survey which is an added advantage and enhances the
effectiveness of the research (Brannen, 2017). Recommendations play an important role as this is
the basis of further improvement in business activities.
My skills and abilities support me to conduct research in an effective manner. Entire study has
risen up the level of understanding in a detailed manner. Various approaches like project
planning as well as time management supported me to achieve the goals as per the prescribed
time by maintaining the project quality. However some negative aspects with respect to my own
learning and knowledge resist me to some extend to accomplish the project which was overcome
with the support of self evaluation and lead the success of overall project.
Table 7: Performance Review
Skills Contribution Areas Future Plans for eliminating flaws
Analytical skills Analytical skills are important to draw
conclusions from the collected data and
therefore data collection methods such as
questionnaire and interview process
helped me to develop analytical skills
over the period of time.
To draw effective conclusions based
on the report it is important to
utilise appropriate procedure for
analysing the data.
Communication skill With the help of my effective
communication skills, I successfully
communicated the project plan to
investors to raise funds for conducting
the research.
For further enhancement of
communication skills, group
discussions can be undertaken with
junior as well as senior members of
an organization.
Team building Motivation is one of the important
aspects of team building. However, I
Effective communication and team
related events will help an
22

lack somewhere in motivating employees
which sometimes affects team
performance.
individual to share views and ideas
to motivate them to work toward he
desired goal and objectives.
Strategic planning Strategic planning is reflected in the
process of development of efficient
strategies.
This can be enhanced by taking
responsibility of future projects in
an organization.
23

M4 Evaluate the value of the project management process and use of quality research to meet
stated objectives and support own learning and performance
Project Management Process plays an important role in achieving business goals according to the
constraints of the project. Process supports an organization to utilise resources in an effective
manner to reduce the overall cost of operations. Alignment of process with resources utilisation
will help an organization to achieve desired goals and objectives. It will help researchers to
develop systematic planning which is highly advantageous for increasing the performance of
employees and quality of the project (Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017). Appropriate scheduling of the
project will reduce risk factors related to execution of the project. To conduct the research in a
qualitative manner, it is important to use effective methods of data collection and analysis which
will further enhanced my analytical and strategic planning skills.
24

Conclusion
The report has concluded that Whitbread Plc organization can improve their daily operational
activities which are performed by marketing, human resource, front office, finance etc
departments with the help of digital technology implementation. With this report, the project
manager of the organization can create effective project management plan by covering all the
relevant steps and process. The report has also concluded that the designed work breakdown
structure and Gantt chart help them to under the duration required for each activities of project
plan. The report has conducted the research through which aim and objective of the project is
achieved by the researcher. The report finally provides the recommendation of use digital
technology to increase the operational performance of the organization in this competitive world.
25

References
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and complimentary between qualitative and quantitative approaches. IOSR Journal of
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