Comprehensive Report: Natural Disasters, Response, and Mitigation

This report provides a detailed overview of disaster management, examining the impact of natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and tsunamis on communities worldwide. It explores the role of the United States, including FEMA, in providing financial aid, emergency response, and long-term recovery assistance both domestically and internationally. The report highlights case studies like Hurricane Dorian and Typhoon Haiyan, showcasing international aid efforts and the importance of preparedness. It also analyzes key trends like the use of technology, social media, and public-private partnerships in disaster management, along with the implementation of the Comprehensive Emergency Management cycle, including preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation phases. The report emphasizes the need for proactive strategies to reduce the impact of disasters, protect civilians, and improve humanitarian aid delivery.

Geography
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1 Disasters are tragedies that destroy our property, our population, and overwhelm our
communities. The UNGA (United Nations General Assembly), recognize the magnitude of
Catastrophes, and put worldwide effort to save the property and loss of life. Catastrophes affect
the workplaces, individuals, and various communities. Thus, they require a response and a
multisystem investigation. The United States must take action to reduce the Natural Disaster and
worldwide efforts to reduce the property and loss of life.
Response to catastrophes is needed regionally, nationally, locally, and internationally,
and there is a necessity to recommend psychology program for the disasters management such as
social justice repertoire, prevention, and training. Counseling psychologists are in a different
position to enroll in disaster to maintain efforts because of their training and values. Some
challenges relate with the global catastrophes and action is taken for its resolutions. Further show
how real-world crises and conflict can easily resolve by using various training tools. Crises
around the world, such as an earthquake, housing bubble, explosion, and devastating tsunami, are
international disasters that impact on whole globe. Emergency management professionals are
placing more emphasis on training to work safely in limited resources. Training in medical
prevents not only the illnesses of patients with limited resources but also prejudice stimulates
disease. (Montgomery and Kapucu, 2011).
Global catastrophes training focuses on building the staff capacity, Volunteers, National
Societies, response at all levels during before and after the disasters. Training is provided to
work together in a team. The main focus of global catastrophes management training is
improving the technical skills of the participants and team management. It aims to provide
knowledge, exchange of experience and the creation of a network among disaster. It also focuses
on the availability of disaster control tools, quality and the improvement of coordination for
disaster response. (Dodds, 2019).
2. The U.S. provides essential support regularly to foreign countries that are troubled by tragedy.
The growing intensity and frequency of disasters, which may link such as earthquake, explosion,
and devastating tsunami, affect the population. FEMA (Federal Emergency Management
Agency) is an agency that coordinates with United-state for disasters related problems. It
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provides financial aid goes to helping affected zone repair roads, buildings, and other public
infrastructure. Funeral and medical expenses also provide by this agency.
Disaster falls into different broad categories such as, preemptive action, short-term
response, and long-term recovery — preventive action related to the hazard mitigation, and short
response to emergency preparation.
If the disaster is domestic, then the responder immediately focuses on expulsion and
water, food, medical care, and shelter where needed. The military in this phase provide services
such as rescue, search, and support. After 30-90 days of a Catastrophe, agencies provide
response, working with local and state governments abolish debris and repair necessary
infrastructure. The government also provides financial assistance to them those not covered the
disaster insurance.( A. and M. ,2013)
The U.S. government helps endowment and support to international organizations and
other governments by sending the supplies and emergency responders, transported by the
United-state military. The USAID (The United States Agency for International Development)
also provides experts, recovery plans, and contractors for craft relief.
3. Past international disasters:-
3.1. Hurricane Dorian is a Category of storm that occurred in the Bahamas in early September.
The Red Cross of U.S. and other charitable agencies delivered water, food, financial assistance,
and other life-saving aid to the people. The U.S. supports the Bahamas $23.3 million people
affected by the Hurricane Dorian on December 2, 2019. More than 50 Catastrophes happened in
Bahamas, provides services with relief distributions, information management, finance, shelter,
cash-as-aid, Telecommunication services, and more.
3.2. After the 7.0 earthquake of Haiti resulted in economic stagnation, shortages of social
services, medical care, and insecurity. The U.S. helps in investment in Haiti, during that they
faced many challenges for more sophisticated disaster recovery alone. In response, the American
Red Cross provided first aid and transport services to injured people. It has made financial
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contributions towards the Haitian. The U.S. provided helped more than 164,800 people by
providing safe housing and funded more than 50 clinics and hospitals.
3.3. The landfall of Typhoon Haiyan on November 8, 2013, was the most dangerous storm. That
was the strongest storm ever recorded in the Philippines. In this more than six thousand people
died and more than one million home destroyed. In this disaster, agriculture land wiped out. The
American Red Cross provides live-saving services like food, medical care, water, and shelter.
They also distribute the cash of 59,000 families affected by this disaster. Due to the generosity of
a donor, the U.S. helps in the Philippines, recovery, rebuilt and prepared them for future
disasters. (Pappas and S, 2018).
4 Major trends changing are technology, environment, social, and other political factors that can
influence our society in the coming years.
4.1International Risk-Based Planning:- Emergency management Includes a community that
promotes the coordination between various government sectors to share the information. It
highlights the specific hazards and risks in the whole community, such as acknowledgment of
limited resources and aging infrastructure. By recognizing the risk-based factors, effective
planning had done for the response, recovery, and mitigation.
4.2Use of Technology and Social Media:- At present General public and Government agencies
use social media as a tool for intervention and rescue. Incidents such as the California wildfires
of 2018 and Hurricane Harvey of 2017 used social media for communication. The public relies
on the positive impact of social media, and it helps in the recovery process of the disaster.
4.3Partnerships of Public-Private:- Future management workforce on partnerships with private
agencies, public entities, volunteer organizations and businesses, and many others. The
collaboration between public-private will work to protect the infrastructure and connect with
essential business partners to built strengthen community capabilities. Sustaining community and
Emergency training management requires education of the private and public partnership that is
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important for response and resiliency. It enhances the resource identification and strategic
planning required reducing the impact of a catastrophic disaster. (Jennex, 2012).
Yes, It is likely to grow. Because its efforts aim to avoid or reduce the losses from
hazards, provide assistant to the victims of crises, and provide effective and rapid recovery. It is
also vital to minimize the effect of destruction after the disaster and immediately coordinate with
disaster recovery.
Some future technology that affects the International disaster Management is the IoT
(Internet of Things), AI (Artificial intelligence), and blockchain. These technologies can offer
the potential to transmit, generate, and decision-making emergency data in crises.
5. Yes, there a conceivable type of disaster that could happen here in the United States. That is
an earthquake, tsunami, Heat, drought, serve weather (severe thunderstorm/storm, fog, wind,
hail), Tornado, Flooding, Coastal, Geophysical (tsunami, earthquake, volcano), Wildfire, Mass
Movement (avalanche, landslide) and Hurricane or Tropical Storm. Death of 19,959 had
estimated from the Natural Disasters. Geophysical disaster affects the population at large extent.
We live in a world in where the effect of disasters is increases. Natural disasters are
increases frequently and affect the many people. There is an urgent need to tangible and
intellectual changes in the violations of human rights and international law that helps to reduce
the impact of disasters on humans. Governments and aid agencies must dramatically improve the
way to provide the service of aid and other support to local organizations. It meant to protect
civilians and enforce the rights of people who run away from the disaster.
Humanitarian aid is a logistical assistance that has provided for humanitarian relief,
typically in response to a human-made disaster and natural disasters. The main objective of
logistical assistance is to save lives and maintain human dignity. (Fagel, and Vendrell, 2020).
To analyze the issues and other challenges, the emergency services professions host an
activity focus to conflict with the disaster. National Governors Association report first defines in
1979 on the framework of emergency preparedness. This report is also known as CME
(Comprehensive Emergency Management). This approach specifies the modern disaster
management system in 4 phases:
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 Preparedness
 Response
 Recovery
 Mitigation.
Fig.1 Comprehensive Emergency Management Cycle (The national, 2007).
5.1Preparedness:- This action is required in shorter time before the disaster strikes. During this
phase, Planning is done after identifying the disaster for further recovery and response. During
this phase, exercises and training may be conducted for real events. As with activities, planning
and training may be undertaken in isolation by the agencies, but their response will be more
powerful when conducted jointly. From exercising and joint planning, a relationship is developed
those involved in the response.
5.2 Response:- Response is the beginning phase when disaster strikes. These activities are taken
immediately after a disaster to provide emergency service to victims. It is devoted to providing
life-sustaining aid, stopping additional damage to property, and reducing life-threatening
conditions. During the complex incidents, response and recovery may be overlap.
5.3. Recovery:- Long term and short term activities are performed immediately after the
disaster. It is designed to provide the property of an affected community. Activities include in the
immediate time is to provide temporary roofing, temporary housing, financial support, and
infrastructure repair. Long term activity includes reconstruction of building and reconstruction of
economic, social, and physical infrastructure.
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5.4.Mitigation:- Mitigation relates to the implementation of new strategies and policies. It
considers in the long term activities after or before disaster strikes. Its purpose includes
identifying and modifying hazards and reduces potential losses.
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References:-
Dodds, W. (2019). Global Problems. The World's Worst Problems, .(.), 5-17.
Fagel, M. & Vendrell, E. (2020). Emergency Planning. (2 ed.). .: Practical Security Strategies and Emerging
Trends. Ernest G..
Jackman, A. & Beruvides, M. (2013). Hazard Mitigation Planning in the United States: Historical Perspectives,
Cultural Influences, and Current Challenges. (2 ed.). United State: Andrea M. Jackman. ..
Jennex, M. (2012). Managing Crises and Disasters with Emerging Technologies: Advancements. IGI Global, .
(10.4018/978-1-4666-0167-3), 315
Montgomery, V. & Kapucu, N. (2011). Crisis Management. Public Management
Review, .(https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2010.525034), 489-511.
Pappas, S. (2018). Top 11 Deadliest Natural Disasters in History. Retrieved from
https://www.livescience.com/33316-top-10-deadliest-natural-disasters.html.
The national, A. (2007). Emergency Management Framework. Retrieved from
https://www.nap.edu/read/11793/chapter/5
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