Essay: Critically Discussing Tourism Trends in the Late 20th Century

This essay provides a critical discussion of the significant tourism trends that emerged in the latter half of the 20th century. It explores the evolution of the tourism industry, focusing on the rise of mass tourism, the impact of technological advancements such as aviation and telecommunications, and the increasing importance of sustainable tourism. The essay examines various types of tourism, including natural, adventure, and religious tourism, and analyzes the socio-cultural and economic changes associated with these trends. It also addresses the negative impacts of tourism, such as environmental pollution and the rise of terrorism, while highlighting the importance of personalization and technological tools like mobile booking and chatbots. The discussion incorporates insights from various academic sources to provide a comprehensive overview of the changing landscape of tourism and its future prospects, emphasizing the industry's role in economic growth and cultural understanding.

CRITICALLY DISCUSS
TOURISM TRENDS IN THE
LATTER HALF OF THE
20TH CENTURY

Table of Contents
Essay Topic : Critically discuss tourism trends in the latter half of the 20th Century.........................3
REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................7

Essay Topic : Critically discuss tourism trends in the latter half of the 20th
Century
Tourism is a social, cultural and economic which is related to the movement of people ton
countries or different places to spend the leisure time with family , or business mates etc. Tourism
industry is growing due to increase in the trends and the destination which are attracting more
customers towards this industry. The tourism trends are changing due to then changing needs and
demands of the customers. The growth of the this industry is based on the customers based so in
order to attract more customers towards the tourism this trends are taking place. According to
Mowforth and Munt (2015), it is critically evaluated that tourism industry are having significant
changes in their trends due to which the other problem such as pollution , environment problem etc
are increasing because of the tourist which are throwing the waste on the public areas due to which
there is negative impact on the environment and health of the people due to the tourist. There are
different rends which have been emerged in the latter half of the 20th century.
Now a day , there have been changes in the type o0f place visited by the tourist because of
emergence of different types of tourism such as natural tourism, adventure tourism etc. which are
taking place in this industry. There have been various development in the tourism industry such as
technological changes, socio - cultural changes etc. which are taking place in this industry. In the
early 20th century, There have been changes in transportation system due to the technology
advancement (Veal, 2017). The Europe and North America was having the advanced means of
transportation whereas other countries were having the poorly developed transportation system. In
the mid, 20th century, The aviation industry started growing which changes the way the tourism
industry look like because with the emergence of aviation industry people started attracting towards
this industry.
The key changes which emerged in the second half of the 20th century include the
telecommunication and information technologies. For providing the knowledge ton the tourist
regarding the destination telecommunication has helped due to which the tourism industry is still
growing ( Fletcher & et.al., 2018). The tourism industry is having various development such as the
aviation companies are attracting the more tourist to travel to different places through help of
technology they are providing the tourist with the facility of online booking through which they can
but the travel packages by online booking to provide ease and convenience to the tourist. Moreover,
there is development of mass tourism which is traditionally considered to be more effective as
compared to niche tourism. With the development of mass tourism assist in increasing the
economic growth of the country as well as the companies operating in the tourism industry.
The tourism industry with the help of social media sites such as Facebook and Instagram is
attracting the tourist from different places to visit the different destinations which assist in increase

in the profitability of this industry. As per the views of Ruhanen and et.al. (2015 ) , Tourism is
having negative impact of the trend include the increase in terrorism due to which the terrorism is
increasing because of the tourism the people are able ton move to different places. The tourism
trend refers to the development of changes which are taking place in this industry which have
change the way the tourism operation were conducted. There have been significant increase in the
tourism of sustainability which means the type of tourism that does not harm the environment.
With the increase in the eco friendly and sustainability tourism trend there have been tourist which
are traveling without harming the environment such as reducing the pollution by putting the waste
in the dustbin. Mass tourism is profitable because with this the large number of tourist are attracted
towards this industry. The tourism industry also increase the profitability of the hotel and resort
industry.
It is argued by Gippoliti and et.al. (2018) That there are negatives of the Mass tourism
because of the permanent and the stable flow of tourist to the various destination. To reduce this
problems it is required to increase the sustainable tourism which are those conducted without
harming the environment that will leads to no risk in this industry and more people will be attracted
towards this industry as it will reduce the pollution and other negative impact of the various trends.
Moreover, the tourist which are affected by the natural disasters are paid by the compensation
through the insurance companies to protect them and provide them treatment. There have been
increase in the adventure tourism in which the people from different places visit different
destination to have adventure and experience of new places.
It is critically evaluated as per the Wijesinghe, Mura and Bouchon (2017 ), There are
various negative impact of tourism development because with the development in the tourism the
local people are visiting the destinations which are located in different countries due to which the
income of the domestic country is reducing as the local people are moving to different places for
tourism to have experience and enjoy the leisure activities. In the 21st century, tourism is closely
related to development and growth due to which there have been increase in the employment
opportunities (Novy, 2018). Tourism assist in providing knowledge and understanding ton the
tourist regarding the culture and the destination of the different paces which help in enhancing the
customer base and profitability of this industry. Tour operator in the travel and tourism industry
provide the travel services to the customers by and also provide them food facilities and
accommodation to enhance their experience with the travel organization.
On the critical note, it is identified that the tourism industry is having various changes which
have a great impact on the economy as well as the society because with the increase tourism trend
there have been changes in the taste and preferences of the customers regarding the type of tour
they want (Beniston and et.al., 2016). The tour operator provide the travel packages to the tourist

which include the different destinations and provide them various facilities other than travel such as
food facility, accommodation facility etc. The rising trend of the tourism provide understanding that
the future of this industry is bright as it will have various changes in the future which will lead to
the development of this industry and will increase the profitability of the firms involved in this
industry as it will attract the large number of tourist in the future as people are getting various
knowledge and learning about the different culture , history, religion etc with the help of tourism.
Moreover, there have been increase in the ecological and educational tourism which assist in
providing knowledge about the particular place and the brief history of the place which help in
educating the people. Personalization is the growing trend in the tourism industry in which the tour
is conducted on the basis of the one taste and preferred and their requirement or past behaviors
(Reimers and Chung, 2019). Moreover, using the mobile technology for booking the travel
packages is also growing which has reduced the time of booking the tickets for the travel which has
improved the travelers experience with the industry.
Chat-bots is the another trend in the technological advancement of the tourism in which the
organization can solve the queries and doubts and problems regarding the time of the flight and any
queries relating to the travel is solved automatically through the use of Chat-bots which have
increase the customers towards this industry as it have improved their services. Also, with the
technology advancement the firms are able to interact with the customers which assist them in
identifying the taste and preferences of the customers. The tourism is increasing after the
globalization which has helped in attracting the large number of tourist towards this industry which
has assisted in increasing the profitability and market share of this industry. The tourism trends are
changing with then change in the taste and preferences of the customers. now a days , the tourism
are taking place with the motive to protect the environment with the help of sustainable tourism that
will help in protecting the environment.
It include reducing the pollution, wastage , throwing the paste at the proper place etc. On
the critical note Hannam, Kevin. & Knox, Dan (2010) stated that, travel and tourism industry by
changing the trends as per the demands to meet the needs of the customers will be able to increase
their customers base and will attract the large number of customers towards the industry. Moreover,
it is identified that the travel industry is changing because of the adoption of various technologies
which has held the industry in their growth. The trends in the tourism industry include the adventure
tourism , natural tourism, religion tourism, historic tourism, sport tourism, educational tourism etc
(Janusz & Bajdor, 2013). The religion tourism include the places of destination such as temples etc.
which are mostly preferred by the old generation people which were the only type of tourism
existing before 120th century but in the latter half of 20th century there have been increase in the
adventure tourism and natural tourism in which the people are traveling to enhance their experience

and knowledge.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015. Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new
tourism in the third world. Routledge.
Tourism: principles and practice - Fletcher, John (John Edward), author. & Fyall, Alan, author. &
Wanhill, Stephen, author. & Gilbert, David, 1947 March 2- author. 2018 Sixth edition
Veal, A.J., 2017. Research methods for leisure and tourism. Pearson UK.
Ruhanen, L. and et.al., 2015. Trends and patterns in sustainable tourism research: A 25-year
bibliometric analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 23(4). pp.517-535.
Gippoliti, S. and et.al., 2018. Impacts of taxonomic inertia for the conservation of A frican ungulate
diversity: an overview. Biological Reviews. 93(1). pp.115-130.
Wijesinghe, S.N., Mura, P. and Bouchon, F., 2017. Tourism knowledge and neocolonialism–A
systematic critical review of the literature. Current Issues in Tourism. pp.1-17.
Understanding tourism: a critical introduction- Hannam, Kevin. & Knox, Dan. 2010
Towards to Sustainable Tourism – Framework, Activities and Dimensions Janusz, G. K. & Bajdor,
P. in Procedia Economics and Finance (2013) Volume 6 Issue pp 523-529
Reimers, F. M. and Chung, C. K. eds., 2019. Teaching and learning for the twenty-first century:
Educational goals, policies, and curricula from six nations. Harvard Education Press.
Beniston, M. and et.al., 2016 The European mountain cryosphere: a review of its current state,
trends, and future challenges. Cryosphere. 12(2). pp.759-794.
Novy, J., 2018. ‘Destination’Berlin revisited. From (new) tourism towards a pentagon of mobility
and place consumption. Tourism Geographies. 20(3). pp.418-442.