Impacts of Domestic Violence on Children And Implications for Practice

This report delves into the multifaceted impacts of domestic violence on children, examining its various forms including emotional, physical, and social abuse. It explores the legal and legislative frameworks in place to protect children, referencing key acts and guidance from the UK government. The methodology includes primary and secondary research strategies for data collection. The report identifies the role of social workers and professionals in managing the impact of domestic violence, and determining implications for practice and services. The study also highlights the cycle of abuse, the importance of awareness, and the need for early intervention and support to mitigate the adverse effects on children's development and well-being. The research includes a critical appraisal of the factors contributing to domestic violence and its consequences.

Impacts of Domestic Violence On
Children And Implications For
Practice And Services

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................................7
LITERATURE REVIEW..............................................................................................................15
DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................24
RECOMMENDATION.................................................................................................................32
CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................................................34
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................37

INTRODUCTION
Research Aim
 To determine the impacts of domestic violence on children and its implications for
practice and services provided by social workers and professionals.
Research Objectives
 To understand the concept of domestic violence and its impact on children.
 To identify role of professional and social workers in managing the impact of domestic
violence among children for their smooth recovery.
 To determine the implications of practice and service by social workers and
professionals working with children experiencing domestic violence.
Research Question
 What is the concept of domestic violence and its impact on children?
 What is the role of professional and social workers in managing the impact of domestic
violence among children for their smooth recovery?
 How implications of practice and services by social workers and professionals working
with children experiencing domestic violence can be done?
Domestic violence or commonly known as abusive, violent or intimidating behaviour of a
person towards another person in a relationship. There are various types of domestic violence
which includes emotional, physical, social and sexual violence (When talking about domestic
violence, does terminology matter? 2019). If a person is being subjected or accused by domestic
violence, there are various organisations which can offer help and support to them. There are
many ways by which a person can be accused someone such as physical abuse, emotional abuse,
social abuse, economic abuse and spiritual abuse. In case of domestic violence, physical abuse is
involved which includes slapping, burning, biting, hitting, pinching, pulling hair, cutting etc. In
addition,with this, physical abuse also include deny of medical treatment and force alcohol and
drug undertaken in some. While, emotional abuse includes,deflating victim’s self-esteem and
self-worth sense. There are numerous form of terminologies around domestic violence that
somehow seem bit confusing. Thus, it is essential to understand these as some individuals prefer

one against another. DV- it is an abbreviation which is related to domestic violence, DFV-
abbreviation is domestic family violence. In context with,child abuse, violence in childhood and
exposure to domestic abuse is also a form of child abuse. In addition,with this, this has been seen
that children may directly and indirectly witness these abuses. There are different types of
domestic violence which can be witness by children some of these include,being get hurt from
trying to stop abuse, finding disorderliness like broken furniture, visual perception of parent's
injuries or distress afterwards. There are different types of laws and legislation which is related
to child abuse, some of these legislation are in England, Northern Ireland and Wales reflects that
hearing and seeing ill-treatment of any other individual. In addition to this, Scotland legislation
covers various domestic abuse within child abuse definition. In this according to The Domestic
abuse (Scotland) Act 2018, child abuse include seeing, hearing, being physically present during
abusive incident. While in Scotland, according to an act which is Abusive Behaviour and Sexual
Harm (Scotland) Act 2016, it states that effective improvement is required towards sexual harm
as well as abusive behaviour. In the case of sentencing, it is essential for a court to identify that
whether there is any partner and ex-partner is included while conducting this offence. Along with
this, there are various types of guidance which ire provided by the government of UK. These
guidance includes Child Protection system in England, The Department of Education (DfE) and
many more. all these assist in protecting child from domestic abuse within England (Child
protection system in England. 2019). They set different kind of statutory guidance, legislation
and policy in order to provide guidance in an effective manner to protect the child. It has been
identified that there are three local safeguarding arrangements which includes the local authority,
the police and the clinical commissioning group. All these statutory organisations perform their
task in a coordinating manner so that they can protect children from abusive relationship in best
and possible way.

Domestic violence has been defined at federal as well as state level. In addition to this, it
has also been identified that there is a situation where caretaker and parents abuse their child via
any kind of action whether it is physical or mental. There are various kind of domestic violence
such as sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical abuse and exploitation which highly affects the
behaviour or upbringing of a child in a negative manner. Apart from this, ignoring children is
also included in child abuse (Levenson and Grady, 2016). It is a situation when child is ignored
by carer and patient. They do not get proper affection, support and supervision related to safety,
child's health and well-being. Child abuse is a complex situation that can be occur from different
types of multiple reasons. Thus, it is essential for an individual to have proper and adequate
knowledge related to sophisticated and systematic policy so that they can respond effectively in
such situation.
On the basis of various research, it has been identified that domestic violence is a
situation which is repeated from generation to generation on a regular basis. The cycle of abuse
is introduced in the year 1979 by Dr. Lenore Walker. According to this theory, it has been
identified that there are mainly three stages. First stage mainly begins with tension-building
phase while second stage starts with incident phase and the third stage is calm phase. Therefore,
it has been concluded that cycle of abuse is mainly resulted from sexual harm, verbal harm as
well as physical harm. While on the other hand, child abuse is mainly considered as an action.
There is numerous form of examples that can lead towards causing harm. Some of the abuses
includes anger issues, substance abuse, neglect, alcoholism and many more. All these directly
and indirectly affects the mental as well as physical health. Further, such violence causes mental
harm to the child for both long as well as short term and sometime leads towards causing death.
Therefore, it become essential for the parents to make their children aware about such situations
in advance. It has also been identified that there are rise in such abusive behaviour within the
society which highly affects the upbringing and behaviour of children.
5

Therefore, it is very important for parents to make their children aware about domestic
violence and various situations which affect their upbringing, behaviour or attitude in a negative
manner. In addition to this, it has been identified that there is rise in such situations which are
related with domestic violence from the passage of time. From past few year's domestic violence
rapildy increase which mainly conduct on several stages. Along with this, it has been seen from
many years that children get physically, mentally or emotionally abused by their parents,
guardian or caretaker via bad behaviour for parents and caregivers. Therefore, it is very
important for the parents to talk with their children on a regular basis in a friendly manner. As
this will effectively help them to identify exact situation and sense of mind of their child. In
addition to this, children need to share each and every issue faced by them in an effective
manner. In addition with this, it is important for an individual to have knowledge related to every
essential law and regulations such as Child protection Act, it is an act that mainly protect child
form any kind of abuse, exploitation, neglect and violence. There are different types of rights that
6

has been hold by child. Some of them includes the right to live with family, the right to have
clean water and electric power, the right to equal opportunities, the right to guidance from a
caring adult, the right of protection from abuse and neglect and the right to love in conditions of
dignity and freedom. In addition with this, it has been identified that child abuse laws mainly
exists on local, federal and state levels (Protecting children from domestic abuse. 2019). Along
with this, it has been measured out that the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA)
is being get passed by federal government in the year 1974 and was reauthorized in the year
2010. This has been evaluated that it is one of the largest body of legislation which is mainly
related to legal, fair and ethical treatment of children (The Cycle of Abuse: Definition, Explained,
Examples. 2018). In addition to this, all these law protect child from any kind of abuse which
mainly includes psychological, physical, emotional and physical abuse. Therefore, it is very
important to have proper and adequate knowledge about the legal rules, laws and regulations so
that such adverse situation can be ignored. This will further provide assistance to protect child
form any type of physical, emotional and mental abuse. In addition to this, it is required by the
parents to take regular review from their children which is related to their daily schedule.
METHODOLOGY
Research Rationale
It is one of the most important part of research because of this researcher or investigator
will be able to know the importance of research topic. Through this, project manager will be able
to identify advantage along with disadvantages of a particular theme on which the research is
based on. The present research is based on the topic of impacts of domestic violence on children
and implications for practice and services (Granqvist and et. al., 2017). The rationale of this
study is to identify the factors which influence the domestic violence on children, so that
effective practices and services can provide to avoid such situations in an effective manner.
Along with this, another rationale of the present research is that with the help of conducting this
research in an effective manner, project manager will be able to enhance their capabilities, skills
and abilities which is related with data analysis skill, communication skill, ability to understand
the literature review section and so on.
Search Strategy
It is defining as a method or technique which is adopted by project manager in order to
collect data and information on a particular topic. By respective method researcher able to gather
7

appropriate information which is essential for conducting a specific report as well as gaining
impressive outcome. In respect of respective research, project manager adopts two main
strategies for collecting data as well as information i.e. primary strategy or method and
secondary strategy or method (Vetere and Cooper, 2016). Primary research is a technique which
is adopted by researcher in order to collect first hand data and information through various ways
like survey, questionnaire, face to face interviews and many more. On the other hand, secondary
method is a technique through which project manager gathering information by adopting
published and unpublished existing data and for this several sources are adopted such as
newspaper, articles and many more.
Data Extraction
It is a method which is adopted by the project manager so that they can collect data and
information by using different sources in an effective manner. With the assistance of this,
investigator will be able to gain several benefits such as enhance accuracy of data, gaining better
outcome and productivity, save time as well as cost of researcher and so on. In respect of
respective research, project manager adopts primary method for collecting data and information
that will also help in developing questionnaire which will be filled by respondents (Holt, 2016).
With the help of this, project manager of the present research assist in increasing appropriate
outcome which is according to the set standard.
Critical Appraisal
Critical appraisal is a procedure with the help of which researcher can carefully and
systematically evaluate the outcome of research which enhance the value, relevancy and
trustworthiness. In respect of respective report that is based on impacts of domestic violence on
children and implications for practice and services, its critical appraisal is to identify reasons
which leads to domestic violence and its impact on children (Choenni, Hammink and van de
Mheen, 2017). This will also assist in identifying different methods used to produce positive
outcome effectively. On the other hand, this is the research which includes various negative
aspect such as time and cost. Along with this, respective topic is also very societal based which
may impact or hurt feeling of other peoples.
Analysis and Synthesis
Analysis and synthesis is a method which is considered as a portion of design thinking.
Analysis is a process in which researcher or investigator divide complex or whole activity into
8

different small parts or components, so that effective outcome can be produced. On the other
hand, synthesis is defining as opposite process because in this small portions are connected in
order to develop whole work or activity. Selection of this is totally based on priority which is
according to the topic (Cutuli and et. al., 2017.). In context of present research, analysis and
synthesis is generally based on secondary research which includes authentic articles, journals and
websites related on the topic of impacts of domestic violence on children and implications for
practices and services.
Why desk based literature review?
Research project is generally based on the literature review portion because it will assist
them in collecting more appropriate and effective data or information. Along with this, it is
impressive because all the gathered information as well as data is based on opinion of authors
who generally write or publish article on which data and information is given according to the
topic. The present research is based on the topic i.e. impacts of domestic violence on children
and implications for practice and services on which all the information and data is being
collected to conduct the research in an effective manner (Jaffe, 2018).
How I have done what I have done
Present research is based on the topic of impacts of domestic violence on children and
implications for practice and services. In order to conduct the research in an effective and
positive manner, researcher used various secondary sources such as journals, articles, websites
and newspapers. In the present research, investigator used secondary method where they select
various sources such as websites and journals. Along with this, literature review is selected by
researcher in order to know the viewpoint of different scholars and to enhance their knowledge
about particular topic. Mainly six article is used by researcher in the present research which are
as follows:
Article Number Year of publication Name of article
1 2019 Domestic violence and abuse –
the impact on children
2 2019 Dearden, L
3 2019 Domestic violence: Child-
parent abuse doubles in three
9

years
4 2019 When talking about domestic
violence, does terminology
matter?
5 2019 Child protection system in
England
6 2019 Protecting children from
domestic abuse
Flow chart of search
PRISMA Flow Chart- It is a flow chart which is considered as a graphical representation of
citations which mainly provides various data and information on a specific and systematic
review. It also describes about overall flow of information in different stages of systematic
reviews. This flow chart also conducts mapping on overall number of records or articles used at
the starting stage and later they get eliminated one after another with specific reasons. In the
context of current investigation, this flow chart assists in systematically review all citations that
are used in the study.
Steps of Flow Chart
Preparation- At preliminary stage, researcher indulges into preparation where they mainly
emphasise on information which is expected by them to cover on. Along with this, at this stage,
they also use different tools and techniques which have been used by them for selecting
articles.
Doing the database search- It is the secondary phase of flow chart where information is
searched by using database search. This stage can be well understood with the help of an
example. For instance: Researcher and other team members have gathered information and
required data from various books, articles and journals. All used journals and books are
recorded in the Prisma flow chart along with its numbers. It has been said that this is the stage
which is helpful in recording information and data by each and every individual separately.
Apart from this, the database is kept and recorded in separate sections.
10

Additional sources- In the present research, investigator has chosen different sources for
collecting additional information related to a specific topic. With the help of these information,
researcher will be able to enhance its knowledge. In the context of present research, investigator
have used various online articles so that they grab maximum information related to a specific
topic and produce positive outcome.
Remove all duplicates- At this stage, researcher mainly focuses on removing duplicate articles
which are mentioned in the actual record of sources as well as in additional sources. This stage
helps in reducing the chance of repetition and mistakes as investigator has gone through all
resources twice.
Screening articles- At next, investigator places their efforts in screening on the all chosen
articles so that their accuracy and relevancy can be identified effectively. Here, screening is
performed only on those articles which are identified as duplicate in the above mentioned stage
which is duplication removed box.
11
Additional records identified
Through other sources
(n=0 )
Records identified through
Database searching
(n=200 )
Records identified through
Database searching
(n=200)
Additional records identified
Through other sources
(n=0 )
Records identified through
Database searching
(n=200)
Additional records identified
Through other sources
(n=0)
Records after duplicates removed
(n=180)

Screening (Excluded articles)- In this stage, it is needed to screen all the titles and abstracts for
collecting all the database which is required to complete the research in an effective manner.
For example, if any information which seems that it will be helpful for providing data about
domestic violence should be considered.
Eligibility- This is the seventh step under which all the excluded books, articles, people or
information is subtracted from the total number of records.
Eligibility (records excluded)- According to this stage, each and every information, data and
articles which are eligible to be included in the final review have been analysed (Jung, 2015).
For example, information related to domestic violence, its cause, precautions and others.
Included- This is the last stage where all the articles used by researcher in order to conduct the
research are described. 12Studies included in
qualitative synthesis
(n= 20 )
Studies included in quantitative
Synthesis (meta-analysis)
(n= 6)
Full text articles assessed
for eligibility
(n= 60)
Full text articles excluded
with reasons
(n=190 )
Records screened
(n=658 )
Records screened
(n=150 )
Records screened
(n=658 )
Full text articles assessed
for eligibility
(n= 60)
Records after duplicates removed
(n= )
Full text articles excluded
with reasons
(n=190 )
Records after duplicates removed
(n=180 )
Records screened
(n=150 )
Records after duplicates removed
(n= )
Records excluded
(n=140 )