Independent Project in Health: Domestic Violence and Abuse in Women UK

This report investigates the pervasive issue of domestic violence and abuse against women in the UK, highlighting its effects on their physical and mental health. It begins by defining domestic abuse and outlining its prevalence, referencing statistics and data from sources like the Crime Survey for England and Wales. The report explores the underlying causes and implications of domestic violence, emphasizing the role of healthcare professionals in supporting victims. It also examines relevant theories, such as feminist theory, to explain the power dynamics contributing to domestic violence. Furthermore, the report discusses government policies and legislation aimed at preventing domestic abuse and protecting victims, including the Domestic Abuse Act 2021 and the Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme. The research aims to contribute to professional and personal development by enhancing understanding of the signs, symptoms, and impact of domestic violence, ultimately promoting better support for affected women. Desklib offers access to similar reports and resources for students.

INDEPENDENT
PROJECT IN
HEALTH AND
SOCIAL CARE

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................1
TOPIC..............................................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND.......................................................2
AIM........................................................................................................................................3
OBJECTIVE...........................................................................................................................3
RATIONALE FOR THE RESEARCH..................................................................................3
CHAPTER TWO: POLICY OR THEORY.....................................................................................4
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY........................................................................................5
CHAPTER FOUR: FINDING.........................................................................................................8
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION (1500)......................................................................................12
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................................................................13
TIMEFRAME REQUIRED...........................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

ABSTRACT
Domestic abuse is largely show their presence in every home of UK and also consider as
the hidden crime that is initially occurring from the home and turn into the aspect of violence. In
addition, women usually don’t report or disclose that they are facing wide range is issue with the
aspect domestic abuse and domestic violence in the front of police. The current statistic in the
term of prevalence within the UK state that there are various of people who is used to face the
issue of domestic incident. In addition, there are is no any reliable and viable prevalence which
state that the data on the domestic abuse but with the context to crime survey of England and
Wales they usually offer the best data which is available. According to these data, at the end of
march 2020, it is estimated that the 1.5 million of women with the age of 16 to 74 years old are
usually experience domestic abuse in the last years. Moreover, it is essential in order to note that
these data are usually does not make any accountability and provide impact information. The
violence is usually cause fear who is repeat victim were and also experienced violence in the
context of power and control. On the average the police in England and Wales receive over the
100 call relating with the domestic abuse which is evaluated under every hour. According to data
of CSEW for the year which is ending with the context to March 2018, only 18 percent of the
women are usually experience the partner abuse while taking the context of last 12 months which
is reported to abuse in the police stations.
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TOPIC
“Domestic violence and abuse in women in UK”
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
Domestic abuse is defined as the incident or the pattern which is based on the controlling,
coercive, threatening, degrading and the violent behaviour which basically include sexual
violence. In the most prominent cases of the domestic violence the report person is usually
partner and ex-partner but sometime the people with the family member and other is also involve
with the aspect of domestic abuse (Ajayi and Soyinka-Airewele, 2018). It is usually common
with the context to the vast majority of cases that is experienced by the term of women and it is
usually perpetrated by the men. while taking the context of family and domestic violence in the
UK, it is most common that affect the 10 million people every year. In addition, one of four
women is facing the issue and one in nine men are analysed as the victim of the domestic abuse.
In this, the healthcare professional also may supportive role in order to provide care to the patient
who is dealing with the threat of domestic violence (Wibberley, Bennett, Jones and Hollinrake,
2018). Domestic and family violence which usually include economic, physical, sexual,
emotional and psychological abuse of the children and also with other which may be associated
with the adults and elders. Domestic violence are usually causes which make the thing worse
which is based on the psychological and physical health that lower the quality of life and also
reduce the productivity and in some of the cases, the mortality is also analysed. The activity is
usually elaborated that the evaluation and reporting which may be helpful in order to reduce the
progression of domestic abuse and violence among women in the United Kingdom (Coulthard
and et. al., 2020).
Domestic violence is defined as the worldwide epidemic with the estimated 30 percent of
women experiencing towards the physical and sexual violence from the intimate partner during
the context to lifetime. The domestic violence that include the perpetrated by the family member
and towards another adult. Domestic violence may be single incident or the pattern of incident
which can take multiple form in order to include the physical and sexual, psychological,
emotional, financial and control violence (Williamson, Lombard and Brooks-Hay, 2020). In this,
the severe violation of human right is usually associated with the societal and economic cost and
it is usually enhancing the recognised as the clinical and public health issue. While taking the
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context of United Kingdom, the face to face survey of England and Wales was usually suspended
on the 17 March 2020 because of the coronavirus pandemic (Hayes and et. al., 2018)(Rajan,
2018). It was completely replaced with the telephone operated crime survey for the England and
Wales. The information is well designed in order to show their persistency toward the crime
during the such period. The concern is usually related with the confidentiality and respondent
that provide proper safeguarding that lead to create the domestic abuse questions that is excluded
from the survey. In the presence of outcome, the domestic abuse is usually estimated that is not
available for the years ending march of 2021. The domestic abuse in the England and Wales are
analyse from the police which is recorded as per the reported cases, the government data from
the criminal justice system and data from the service that is available to the victim of the
domestic abuse in England and Wales (Stanley and et. al., 2019).
AIM
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of physical and mental health in women in the
United Kingdom (UK).
OBJECTIVE
 To find out the issues behind domestic violence and abuse in women
 To understand the physical and mental effects that impact women’s health
 To find out theory and government policy that support victims of domestic violence
 Identify behavioural signs of domestic violence and abuse
RATIONALE FOR THE RESEARCH
The rationale for the research is usually focused on the aspect which may contribute towards
professional and personal development. The professional development is usually build with the
help of knowledge and skills which is acquire during research process. The research process is
usually focus on the concept, causes and implication which show the sign and symptoms of the
domestic violence that may affect the women life in the different ways (Panovska-Griffiths and
et, al., 2022). They facing and dealing with the issue of domestic violence which may create
condition which may show the aspect which can create complication such as issue with mental
health and other form of impact which is related with the women. Therefore, this all knowledge
is well related with the concept of professional development where it helps to developed the
knowledge and notion which is related with the issue of domestic violence. In addition, it also
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helps to acquire the knowledge which is related with the personal development where individual
used to get proper knowledge regard with the various term such as supporting other on the
personal level such as families and friends which is focus on the knowledge which is gained as
per the approach of concept, cause and implemented policy (Feder and et. al., 2021).
CHAPTER TWO: POLICY OR THEORY
With the context to the research process, the theory which is usually help to explain about
the proper illustration which is related with theory which is analysed that feminist theory. In
addition, they used to provide proper basic and the approach which is applied with the core
existence of the domestic violence which is related with the aspect of theory. The theory usually
shows the statement that intimate partner violence is usually rise out with the inequality which is
arise within the marriage and reinforce. Therefore, male power and the female is defined as
subordinate with the context of home (El Abani, and Pourmehdi, 2021). In the another word this
is defined as the violence which may be associated with the women that is control by male where
the feminist which is responsible for making domestic violence which is related with the public
issue that define the domestic violence which is understandable only if one is used to show the
understanding with the society as being structured that is based on patriarchal structure which is
related along the lives which is related with the gender which has been structured that contain the
man with the class that widening power over the women. The theory usually focusses on context
of feminist theory which help to provide the wider range of concept of theory which may show
their relevance in the development of understanding which is linked with domestic violence
(Lapierre, 2021).
In addition, the feminist viewpoint of the spouse is usually related with the context that hold
the violence stem from the inequality in term of power which is related between the men and
women. Therefore, the child abuses and other martial rape, girl child incest and parental abuse
which is also related with the discussed approach which defined the violence which is against the
women. In addition to this, the feminist theory also provides kind of support with the vision that
provide a guided framework which help to create proper understanding which is help to address
the domestic violence as well as they focus on the society with the men and women which is
unequal status in the term of social group and community. Therefore, they also show the
different socialisation of male and female children which is violence and consistent abuse which
is face by Women in the UK. The feminist theory shows their main argument which is based on
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the focus which is useful for the evaluation of gender inequality. In addition, the theme is often
help to explore the feminist theory which is related with the aspect of discrimination that help to
show the objectification which is related with the sexual objectification, oppression, stereotyping
and many more. In the context to domestic violence, the main concept which is related
differentiation where men and more dominant as compared to female which may create
consequence as per the feminist theory that provide the vision of gender inequality that act as the
main reason to have the issue of domestic violence (St Ivany, Schminkey, and Munro-Kramer,
2021).
In the context to policy, government policy is used implemented in order to provide support
and care to the women who is facing and dealing with the issue of domestic violence. There are
various legislation and other essential law are used to intervene in order to control the issue of
domestic violence. The government policy is usually helpful in Home office which is 2021 b that
is provide aspect which is showing 2.3 million victims of the domestic abuse that is related with
the age of 16 to 74 years’ old which is about two thirds of who are women which is more than
one in ten of all offences which is recorded by the police that they are domestic abuse which is
related. As per the past years, in the year 2019, the government is used show the election that is
associated with the manifesto and the commitment in order to support all the victim of the
domestic abuse which include bills and the bills are usually publicized in the January 2019 which
show their objective to ensure the victim have the proper confidence that show their approach in
order to come forward and show the report which is related with their experience, state will do
everything to safe in knowledge. In addition, the domestic abuse act 2021 which help to provide
the new domestic abuse protection which help to notice and order which provide elaboration
towards the law the office of domestic abuse that produce prevention in domestic violence
among women in the UK. Therefore, it helps to place the domestic violence disclosure scheme
which is also known as the Claire law which support the police in order to disclosure the
information which is related with the public partner that have pervious violence that show
offences and thereby people used to make proper important decision about the context to future
relationship (Skafida, Morrison, and Devaney, 2021).
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
The research methodology is defined as a set which have specific tool and technique, search
strategy, research method, and research choice are used to discussed which is follow in order to
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collect the data and information. In addition, the research process with the topic domestic
violence among the women in UK usually follow the context of substantive literature review
which offer the wide range of term which help to gather and collect the information for the
research report. In addition, it also shows the aspect which is related with the review and process
from the books, article and journals with the aim to collect more information and data which is
relevant for the research topic which is about the domestic violence among women in the UK
(Ganeshpanchan, and Masson, 2021).
Search strategy: The search strategy within the research methodology section allow the
researcher to gain and collect more information that is related with the select topic which is
chosen for report. Therefore, the domestic violence may harm the women physical, mental and
psychological health. Whereas, women may also face the issue which is consider the aspect
which is reliable in order to provide the vision to deal with such factor with the help of policy
and legislation which is implemented by government to act as barrier for domestic violence. The
information and data is well collected from the various source which may include as the form of
search strategy. The search strategy may include PubMed, Springer Link, Science Direct and
many more which is reliable for the collection and selection of data that may place relevance for
the development of quality of research process which is related with the selected topic (Bryant,
and Lightowlers, 2021).
Database used: In addition, the database which help to provide the aspect which is related with
the current context that provide proper place or source to collect the information with the
literature review of article and journals which is available in the various website. They are also
called as database where the millions of article ad journals are used to collected and stored in
order to analyse and generate the aspect of knowledge. The major database which is used within
the context of collecting or elucidating of information is focused for the research process. The
wisely used database are PubMed central, CINHAL, EMBASE and UpToDate. These databases
are used to show their aspect which is reliable in order to provide relevant data. The PubMed
central is usually governing by national institute of health which offer model that is related with
the subscription with the millions of articles. In addition, it is also analysed that issue of domestic
violence of abuse is relatively defined by the various of researcher and the data is well collected
through the listed database (Afrouz, Crisp, and Taket, 2021). The CINHAL is also defined as the
huge database which contain medical research paper, article and journals which is reliable for the
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data collection and gathering and follow the context of literature review. The literature review
article is usually focus on the context that help to provide the review process which show the
optimum aspect to carry out the research process in well-defined way. The literature review has
been taken in all the ways which is related with the topic of domestic violence among women in
the UK.
Research method: The research method is defined as the context which is related with the
secondary research of data collection which is reliable and validated for the research process. In
addition, they help to configure the data from the various of sources. The secondary research
method is defined as the concept which related with the collection of data and information which
is related with the overall context that configure article, books and journal in order to gather the
information which is reliable for the appropriate elucidation of data or information which may
carry the research process in the appropriate ways. The secondary method is usually defined as
the process of review and selected substantial literature review help to configure the data and
information which is well associated with the context that useful for research process and report
(Mahapatro, and Kumar, 2021).
Research choice: The research choice is also show their aspect which help to provide the context
that follow pattern which is useful for the extraction and elucidation of data. The extraction of
data is essential approach which may require in order to gather the information for the research
process. In addition, the research process is usually focus on the mixed choice that include
qualitative and quantitative method of choice. The qualitative choice is usually focus on data or
information which is associated with words, concept, model and theories without any presence of
numerical data. The secondary method is useful in order to collect the data with the wider way
which may help to influence the outcome of data collection with the huge concept which may
show their relevance in the collection of data and information. In addition, it is also show the
aspect which is provided for the accurate and systematic collection which is beneficial to conduct
the literature review for the research process (Jolly, and Vikram Sharma, 2021).
Inclusion and exclusion criteria: The inclusion criteria are defined as the when a research is
conducted there is an appropriate inclusive data which is undertaking within the research. The
inclusion is helpful in order to provide the data which is taken within the research process.
Whereas, the exclusion data is used to focus on the different aspect which is related with the
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context with research which disqualify the data and information which is not undertaken with the
research process.
Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria
 Substantial literature review is required.
 English language is mandatory.
 The women from the UK is undertaken
with the report.
 Theory and model is required.
 Thematic analysis also undertaken
within the report.
 Systematic review is excluded from the
research process.
 Rather than the English language
required is not included within the
research report.
 RCT, cohort study and other study
excluded from the research report.
Ethical consideration of research: The ethics for the secondary research which is showing the
importance is needed to be referenced that show the aspect which avoid the stage of plagiarism.
It is also show the factor which may show the approval in order to process the research such as
journals, study which is based on the researcher or the research need to approved by the ethical
committee that used to process the segment in board. Information which is applied and they have
showing the approved consent and maintained confidentiality. The ethical committee are used to
focus on the participant’s anonyms which is must kept in such a way which show the aspect
which is related with the context of proper approval of ethical review (Uzobo, and Ayinmoro,
2021).
CHAPTER FOUR: FINDING
The finding is well discussed about the context which is related with the domestic violence
where the violence against the women is partly show the outcome which is related with the
gender relation which help to assume that the men are always superior then women which is
expressed by using the theory which is feminist theory. Given the articulate status of women
which is much gender violence is used to be considered as the subordinate status of women much
of gender violence considered normal and enjoy the aspect of social sanction (Bond, and Tyrrell,
2021)(McGuire, 2021). Manifestation of the violence include which is related with the aspect of
aggression such as blow of the varying intensity, burns, attempted hanging, sexual abuse and
rape and many more which may show the aspect of psychological violence through guilt and
persistent insult which may cause the issue with the mental health. In the extreme ways they are
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usually provide the aspect which is related with the man women relationship which is related
with the aspect of family, state and society. Therefore, the domestic aggression is also show their
aspect which is process the function which is related with the women and girls due to the various
reason which always hidden and they face various issue which generate the aspect that create
complication with them. Cultural and social factor which is related with the interlinked with the
development and show the propagation of the behaviour which is violent. With the different
process of socialisation that used focus on men and women undergo, men take up stereotyped
that is gender based that play role in the domination and control (McPherson, 2021).
The finding also states about the cultural and social factor which is usually interlinked with
the aspect of development and propagation of the behaviour which is violent in nature. With the
various of process of socialisation where men and women undergo, in addition, men are usually
show their approach which is taken and order to provide the role of domination and control.
Whereas, the women are used to take up that where submission, dependence and the respect
which is based and available for the authority. The female child is usually related with the grows
that help to provide the consistent sense of being weak and in need of protection which may
show that the physical social and economic. Therefore, they create helplessness which is used to
show the exploitation with the almost every stage of the life (Stephens, Mays, Issa, Perkins, and
Scott, 2021).
The family are used to socialise that provide the aspect which follow the accept that based
on hierarchical relation that is expressed in unequal division of the term which is related with the
labour that is analysed between the sexes and power over the allocation of resources. The family
and their operational unit are usually help to provide the context where the child is exposed
towards the gender difference that is related with the birth and in recent time they are also
associated with the birth in the current form of sex determination test which help to create the
aspect which is leading toward the foeticide and female infanticide. The home which is the safest
and secure place that is associated with everyone where women are used to face the issue of
violence (Flynn, and Henry, 2021). Therefore, the violence against the women has been clearly
analysed that they are defined as the form of discrimination in the various of documents. The
world human right conference that held in the Vienna which is usually recognised the gender
based violence which is fixed with the human right violation in the year 1993. In 1993, the
United Kingdom or nation used to declaration, it defined the violence against the women as
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defined as the act which is based on the gender which show the outcome that is more likely
express the result based on physical, sexual and psychological harm or the suffering to the
women that include such act that is coercion or the deprivation of the liberty whether they show
the occurring which is related with the public or private life (Haobijam, and Singh, 2021).
In addition to this, the survey and the analysis used to provide the wide range of analysis
which is related with the context which help to determine the wide range of violence which is
happen against the women in the United Nations which is based on the special report that is 1995
which is on violence against the women. It majorly includes physical, sexual and psychological
violence that provide the occurring which is based on the family which mainly include the
battering, sexual abuse of the female children on the context with the household and also related
with the dowry related violence, marital rape and many more which may be act as the heinous
causes that comes under the category of crime when such type of abuse is persistent for the
longer period. Therefore, the physical sexual and psychological violence that occur within the
general aspect which is related with the community which may include rape, sexual abuse and
sexual harassment and analyse bullying and sexual humiliation at the work, it is also related with
the institution and anywhere which may have defined as public place, it also provides the aspect
which is related with the trafficking in women and forced prostitution (Walters, 2021).
Every year in the United Kingdom, between 1.5 and 3.6 million of the women are
domestically abused which may have assaulted physical with their intimate partner. With the
various survey and analysis, it is well coordinated that their some of the individual are used to
provide the aspect which is approximate number of 4 to 6 million of intimate partner show the
physical and sexual assault with every year. In addition, there are some of the aspect which is get
reported in some of the ways which show the unreported. In the context with the purpose of the
paper, which used to show the aspect of domestic violence that is defined as the rape, physical
assault and stalking which is perpetuated with the current and former data, spouse and partner. It
is also providing the elaboration which may include the both same and opposite sex couple
which is showing the purpose that is related with the literature review which is analysed as the
opposite sex couple as domestic violence in the same sex couple have their own unique
complexities and they have their stored attitude which is related and worthy for the study when
the research process configures the in depth analysis of domestic violence among women in UK.
There are other related studies which is useful in order to counter the definition of domestic
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violence which usually encompasses the psychological and emotional abuse. In this research
process, the other finding which is well related with the fact of psychological and emotional
abuse which is generally underreported and show the studies which less frequently as
comparison of physical abuse. Therefore, it is also show the aspect which is related with the
relationship that is physically abusive relationship that include the element and component of the
aspect which is related with the emotional and psychological abuse. In addition, they are creating
the aspect which is related with the challenge which make the situation difficultly due to the
regular violence so the last option which is act as intervention for the female or women to get
separated from each other. It is appropriate and the right option which is chosen by the women
when they are facing the issue of domestic violence (Mirmajidi, 2021).
In addition to this, it is also analysed that the women are frequently facing the victim of
domestic violence. It is also evaluated that about 80,000 to 8,00,000 of the women are usually
reported that they face the issue of physical and emotional abuse from their partner. There are
some of the purpose which is related with the data that show the aspect from the domestic
violence that is against men is examined. There are number of theory such as feminist theory
helps to provide the aspect in order to create understanding which provide proper aspect related
with the domestic violence that is occur due to gender inequality (Jeffrey, 2021). The gender
inequality within the domestic violence is usually show the aspect which be related with the
difference among the men and women. In the in-depth analysis, it is well demonstrated that the
domestic violence made up with the twenty percent of the all non-fatal violence which is
reported against the adult women. There are is around 600,000 crimes. It is also analysed that in
2000, about 1200 women are usually killed with their intimate partner which show the relativity
which is excess of domestic violence that lead to create the death of women. The physical injury
and other related harm that occur by men with their partner in the anger may raise the issue of
crime which is related with the domestic violence. The number of domestic violence are
enhancing as per day to day as per the present day it is rise up to 33 percent of the female murder
victim usually provide the aspect of the rough measurement that is showing the aspect of
domestic victim (Parvathi, 2021).
The building of an abusive relationship makes some of the time which is related with the
different stage where the behaviour of partner change accordingly and create more complication.
In addition, the survivors of the domestic violence describe the brainwashing which is occur that
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is challenging to analyse the studies which is empirical. A stage which named as explosion
where the slow progression of the tension is building which not turn into the shock. In this stage,
the abuses enhance and misunderstanding are usually created which may create complication in
the relationship (Salami and et. al., 2021). Additionally, the making up stage is determined where
abuser used to take frequent apology and promise that such type of thing and event does not
repeat anymore or blame the abuse partner for the forcing him to hurt her. There is other
common factor which may show the approach where the victim used to exaggerate the abuse or
even claiming that the event will be never happen. For example, in the recent case a man pushed
their wife in the boiling soup. With this, stage is divided into the various form with the proper
indication where the incident initially happens and create complication with the relationship and
lead to arise the issue of violence. Therefore, the men are showing their dominancy in the women
in the term of domestic violence that is opposed by government and society. As per this, the
government used to implement various law and legislation which help to formulate the barrier
which may control the issue of domestic violence (Stonard, 2021).
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION (1500)
The discussion of the research topic is well focused on the different events which include the
domestic violence and abuse which is face the women in the wider way which must be prevented
with the use of proper policy. The government also take step in order to reduce the excess of
domestic violence and sometime the casualties has been faced or driven which is reported as a
crime. In this, 60000 cases of death are significantly report which is derive as the outcome of
domestic violence. In addition, there are other essential approach which is taken in order to
create the understanding which is related with the domestic violence in the UK. The major
causes which is driven in the UK as the main source of causes which may lead to create the
situation of domestic violence are the influence of one’s peers, having the lack of attention or
respect in the relationship which is associated with the each other. Having a low self-worth that
may also create complication and consequence in such a way which may impact negative to the
partner and it also evaluated as the main kind of issue for the domestic violence. Therefore, it
also analyses that they focus on the experience which may related with the persistent abuse and
neglect which may also show the aspect which is related with cause of abuse or violence. In this,
the witnessing violence in the home and community is also factor where people must educate
other in the such format which create understanding and develop the scenario which is optimum
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for the reduction of domestic violence. Therefore, the casualties are usually occurring when the
partner are getting access to the weapons which show impact which is deadly and death can
occur in the probable ways.
There is a high impact of domestic violence on women which creates high difficulty for
make them feel better and safe at their places. This can create a high negative impact on their
mental status that are related with violence and physical harm. There are large number of women
who face domestic violence at their home either by the their husband and their male partner. This
can create difficult to deal with the situation more effectively (Gibson, 2020). It has been
observed that there are a number of cases of domestic violence which has the sign that females
are more highly affected by domestic violence rather than male. It can also ensure that there are
various type of domestic violence that can create gender violence and consideration of normal
impact. It has also included that manifestations of violence include various aspects that created
burns, sexual abuse, attempting hanging, rape and another type of psychological violence that
can have direct impact on mental status (Gupta and et. al., 2018). This can create a different type
of emotional blackmailing, and persistent insult, influencing people to feel guilt. There are
various factor that can highly impact domestic violence including cultural and social factors.
They are highly effective and interlinked with individual behavior and their violent nature. This
can also create the socialization within focusing women that are related with a stereotype on the
basis of gender where men are supposed to dominate (Noman and et. al., 2021).
Society have also different perceptions about domestic violence. There are large
population who think that men should be dominating over woman which is the society should
consider. But due to having equality to every gender there should not be any type of domination
over another (McGarry and et. al., 2020). This can create the risk of domestic violence where
women have generally faced the negative impact and get harm either physically or mentally. It
can also analyze that female child are having large number of the population who have generally
face a different type of persistent sense of being weak. In this, they need proper protection,
physically economically and socially (Bows, 2019). They also face helplessness due to
exploitation at different stages of life. There are various reason which can lead to domestic
violence. This may include either not having good mental health, violent partner or due to
different reasons like a not control on anger, trying to show the domination or others. There are
some of the reason which have high potential that can lead to create the chance of domestic
13

violence. Here, unequal division of term can include the power over performing various
activities. This may include sex determination that are associated with creating the risk of
domestic violence. There are large number of cases has been filed in United Kingdom against the
domestic violence where women are having large number of proportional to get victim
(Hadjimatheou, 2022).
It has been analysed that women are highly exposed to domestic violence which are done
by their other partner or their husband. This can create a negative health impact. This may
include bruises and physical harm where women are also not able to complain file due to saving
their respect, family reputation and many more. There are a large number of reason which can
include sexual and psychological violence and physical violence which creates on the basis of
the family due to different reason. This violence are generally against the women by their male
partner (Gill and et. al., 2018). There are large population where people who think that society
are good when female are less dominating than men and many people think that they should do
whatever they want in comparison to women. Females should stay at their home and take care of
children and family. This type of thinking create a negative impact and lead to be the reason for
domestic violence. There are a large number of cases that can help to understand about the
increases cases of domestic violence which can lead to create through different reasons. This my
include physical assault, not control over the anger, not getting proper respect which they think
they deserve due to reason for controlling their partner and so on (Xue and et. al., 2020). These
are some of the reasons which are highly effective and create the highest of domestic violence in
the United Kingdom which harm society and increase the number of crime cases regarding
domestic violence.
Women and highly exposed to domestic violence are large number of cases rather than
man where female are the victim and face various issues like emotional and physical abuse by
their partners. Using the feminist theory, it can also help to provide an understanding about the
different aspects which are related with domestic violence and ensure that it occurs due to gender
inequality (Ertan and et. al., 2020). Domestic violence are not always physical, it can also be
mentally where emotional abuse are having their own priority which have created large number
of domestic violence cases. There is no physical evidence but created high impact on mental
health. It also initiates for killing and suicide that lead to creating the death of women. Physical
injury are highly associated with physical harm that are generally occur by men to women
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(Callaghan and et. al., 2019). This can create the issue of crime-related with domestic violence
that can harm women. This also creates the situation of family reputation which has created
different behavior over there partner (Blackhall and et. al., 2020).
Mental health issue is also having a high impact on domestic violence when man are not
able to control their anger and this it lead to creating physical harm to the women. This may have
different causes either men are not able to control their anger over small issues or sometimes
they need to show their frustration or anger for which they find their partner as a correct person
who should not create any type of legal issue on them. There are also emotional abuse which are
also a part of domestic violence where male partner create a different type of situation due to
which women are not able to complain against the domestic violence and try to save their male
partner instead of complaining for the domestic violence (Bradbury‐Jones and et. al., 2020).
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
As per the above discussion, it is well analysed that the domestic violence among the women
show the various approach which may provide rising cases, issue with the mental health and
facing difficulties which is related with the relationship. These all conflict are rising day to day
within the UK. In addition, the issue of domestic violence is predominately face the women in
the vast number which may arise the issue which create complication with women to think
properly and their mental health completely affected due to such kind of reason. In addition, the
domestic violence research is used to show the progress in the UK but show the robust
prevalence data which is still required for countries. The adoption which is create the aspect
which is related with the definition and provide the concept of measurement tool and technique
that help to provide the research. Definition of the violence is usually related with the context of
need which help to retain the various sociocultural context that show their adaptation of the pre-
existing tool which may show their importance. The frequency of the data and severity of
violence usually focus on the violence that might show the process of extraction mechanism
which is related with the effect and impact.
It also well recommended that the meta analysis and substantial review process provide the
wide range of prevalence which is related with the domestic abuse or violence may affect the
issue which is related with the IPV and DV in the aspect of clinical setting which provide
geographical region and areas. In order to test the causality which is happen due to the violence
and adverse health outcome that is adequately provide the longitudinal studies which follow the
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need with the proper adjustment for confounding factor. The current analysed approach which is
related with the approach in order to measure outcome of the domestic violence which may show
the inclusion of health outcome with the defined diagnostic criteria which is help to fulfil health
outcome with the concept of criteria or tools which show the enable comparison between term of
comparison that is related with studies and across the different setting.
In addition, there are several women accessing healthcare which is relatively related with the
violence from the family or initiate partner. In some setting, they used to show major response
where the number of women are affected due to the domestic violence. The World health
organisation is also show their response which is related with healthcare setting that against the
violence to women and provide the proper information regarding the polices a law which may
helpful in order to prevent the issue of domestic violence. The policy and the intervention are
used to taken in order to reduce the threat towards women for their married life. The intervention
with the proper evidence base from the high income or the regional setting require regional local
adaptation and evaluation with the cultural context and also availability of healthcare system
which may initiate campaign for the women to provide the knowledge regards with the right and
come forwards when they face the issue with the domestic violence.
TIMEFRAME REQUIRED
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