Comprehensive Summary: Breast Cancer Biomarker Detection Research

This report summarizes a research article focused on developing a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical aptasensor for detecting the breast cancer biomarker Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2). The study utilizes a sandwich-type aptasensor, combining tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) as recognition probes with flower-like nanozymes/horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as signal nanoprobes. The methodology involves immobilizing TDN-aptamer 1 on a gold electrode to capture HER2 and using a Mn3O4/Pd@Pt/HRP nanoprobe to amplify the biosensor signal. The results demonstrate a diverse linear response, with a low detection limit. The report also discusses the optimal incubation parameters and compares the biosensor's performance with ELISA kits. The conclusion highlights the biosensor's potential for clinical analysis, while also acknowledging limitations and suggesting future research directions, particularly in the area of early breast cancer screening. The researchers emphasize the need for further studies to improve clinical outcomes. The article underscores the importance of early detection and the potential of biosensors based on DNA nanostructures and novel nanomaterials for real-time biomarker detection.

Running head: SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE
SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note

2
SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE
Introduction:
Breast cancer has emerged as one of the most life-threatening diseases which is for
11.6% of the incidence population. In this context, early cancer screening along with e ectiveff
intervention planning can considerably contribute to mortality burden and increase the survival
rates of the patients (Ou et al., 2017). Many literature suggested that non-invasive hotspot stages
often depend on the detection of biomarkers in biological fluids. Hence, researchers constructed
a sandwich-type electrochemical aptasensor for detecting Human Epidermal Growth Factor
Receptor 2, cancer biomarker. The motivation behind conducting the research is that biomarkers
exhibit crucial significance in disease diagnosis, detection of the intervention plan, and
assessment of new drugs and prognosis. Rheinbay et al. (2017), suggested that common protein
biomarkers for breast cancer include the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2),
Mucin 1 (MUC1), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and Carcinoembryonic Antigen
(CEA). In this context, developing highly sensitive as well as selective strategies for the
biomarker of breast cancer will help to detect breast cancer and develop strategies for the
management of breast cancer (Ou et al., 2017).
Comments or expressing the thoughts:
In the article, the researchers incorporate prevalent and incident data for giving readers an
idea of the severity of the disease. In the introduction section, researchers also incorporated
existing knowledge of biosensors by busing DNA nanostructure, indicating that the introduction
section of the article was accurate to provide a summative overview of the research to the
readers. However, incorporation of clinical evidence of real life events could improve the
quality of the research.

3
SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE
Methodology:
The aptasensor was a mixture of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures aptamer along with
flower-like nanozymes such as horseradish peroxidase where DNA nanostructure is as
recognition probes and Nanozyme is signal nano-probes. In this context, for accumulating the
biosensor, immobilization of TDN–aptamer 1 which is a bio-recognition element. It was done on
the a surface of gold electrode (GE) in order to capture biomarker HER2. On the other hand,
nanozyme Mn3O4 was decorated by other nano-zymes such as Pd@Pt that were connected to
the aptamer 2 along with HRP, a natural enzyme. The developed combination such as
Mn3O4/Pd@Pt/HRP Nano probe was used for amplifying signal of the biosensor through
catalyzing the oxidation reaction of hydroquinone (HQ) with H2O2 (Ou et al., 2017). While the
nanoprobe binds to HER2, after attachment with the natural Nano enzyme, a sandwich system
such as aptamer– protein–nanoprobe was invented on surface of gold electrode. Lastly, for
developing the biosensor a Pd@Pt/HRP/complementary DNA, on the surface of nanoprobe 1,
nanoprobe (nanoprobe 2) was added which was previously designed with the assistance of DNA
hybridization of aptamer 2 and cDNA . This attachment further forms a dendritic DNA
nanostructure for additional amplification of the signal efficiently. The result of the experiment
study suggested that aptasensor exhibited a diverse linear response from 0.1 to 100.0 ng mL1
whereas the limit for the low detection is 0.08 ng mL1 (Ou et al., 2017).After a certain time, the
electrochemical response or signal began to decrease after 1.5 hours, this data suggested that
saturation of the binding was attained between the nano-probes and HER2. On the other hand,
the incubation volume of the probe also influenced biosensor performance where DPV response
facilitates the incubation volume. The optimum volume of the performance is 0.0 to 20.0 uL
whereas the sensor reached its saturation within 10.0 uL. The common sensor tool for detecting

4
SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE
the biomarker for any disease, especially for the biomarker of the cancer is the ELISA kit. Here,
researchers used ELISA kit like control for gaining an in-depth understanding of the
performance of biosensor, indicating that the result has low bias and have validity and reliability
for detecting the biomarker (Ou et al., 2017). The result of the study suggested that the ELISA
report supported the analysis of the biomarker, with relative errors less than 10% which will
further provide an important tool for early screening of breast cancer.
Comment:
In the methodology section, the researchers appropriately underpinned the experimental
study design for making biosensor. Researchers also suggested that the optimal parameter is
required for the successful detection of biomarkers, indicating it cannot be applied in other
situations. For optimizing the performance of the biosensor, the incubation period is required to
increase since the electrochemical response progressively amplified as the incubation time
increased.
Conclusion:
In the conclusion section, researchers summarize the findings of the research for
providing readers with the outcome of the research. The researchers concluded that researchers
successfully introduced a highly selective along with highly sensitive electrochemical dual
aptamer biosensor. The researchers also suggested that based on the greater a nity in betweenffi
andaptamers and proteins a sandwich system was attached on the surface of golden electrode.
Hence, this case, based on TDN-aptamers, the electrochemical biosensor exhibited a clinical
analysis of the biomarker. However, the development of the biosensor have various limitation
which can limit the clinical application of the sensor. One of the major limitations is that
researchers had very limited information regarding the diagnosis of the breast cancer. No data

5
SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE
regarding early screening of breast cancer amongst women was observed, indicating a more
comprehensive study with sufficient data is required to conduct for clinical application.
Comments:
While conclusion of the study was appropriately constructed to provide the readers with
the summative overview, no limitation of the study is mentioned. It is recommended to
incorporate the limitation of the study for acknowledging potential biases that influence the
result of the research.
Future perspective:
A significant number of women around the globe are experiencing breast cancer and
experience premature morbidity rates due to a lack of early screening. However, due to a lack of
early detection of the biomarkers such as HER2, many women experienced breast cancer at an
advanced rate (Ou et al., 2017). Many researchers suggested that Serum Human Epidermal
Growth Factor Receptor 2 testing is clinically significant for checking metastatic patients of
breast cancer but it is difficult to test. It is a vital prognostic feature for therapy of breast cancer
which will reduce the high prevalence and incidence rate of breast cancer around the globe (Ou
et al., 2017). In this context, biosensors based on DNA nanostructures as well as a novel
nanomaterial for the real-time detection of the expression of numerous biomarkers on the cell
surface at the single-cell level are a potential tool and also will be the future research focus. In
this context, in-depth research is required to conduct for improving the clinical outcome.

6
SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLE
References:
Ou, D., Sun, D., Lin, X., Liang, Z., Zhong, Y., & Chen, Z. A dual-aptamer-based biosensor for
specific detection of breast cancer biomarker HER2 via flower-like nanozymes and DNA
nanostructures. 2019 Journal of Materials Chemistry B.
Rheinbay, E., Parasuraman, P., Grimsby, J., Tiao, G., Engreitz, J. M., Kim, J., ... Hess, J.
Recurrent and functional regulatory mutations in breast cancer. 2017 , Nature, 547(7661), 55.