Literature Review: Barriers to E-commerce Adoption in Libya Research

This literature review investigates the barriers preventing Libyan organizations from adopting e-commerce, focusing on current findings, existing e-commerce limitations, and challenges. The research aims to provide an in-depth understanding of these challenges, particularly security concerns and trust issues affecting e-commerce startups in Libya. A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar to review academic research and peer-reviewed articles, focusing on barriers to e-commerce implementation and the current challenges faced by existing e-commerce businesses in Libya, such as high internet costs, credit card security, and transportation infrastructure. The evaluation process involved selecting the most recent and relevant papers based on citation count and use in other research journals, ensuring the selected articles addressed the challenges faced in Libya and their impact on e-commerce implementation. The review concludes by highlighting the successful data collection from various papers, emphasizing the need for updated and accurate data to address the specific challenges of e-commerce adoption in Libya.

Running head: IT project Management- Research Methods
IT project Management- Research Methods
Name of the Student
Name of the University

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Table of Contents
Part 1: Literature Search and Review..................................................................................2
1.1 Introduction:..............................................................................................................2
1.2 Literature Search:.......................................................................................................3
1.3 Literature Evaluation:................................................................................................6
1.4 Final List of Literature:..............................................................................................7
1.5 Discarded Literature:...............................................................................................10
1.6 Conclusion:..............................................................................................................11
1.7 Limitations:..............................................................................................................12
References:....................................................................................................................13

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Part 1: Literature Search and Review
1.1 Introduction:
The assignment is done for researching about the barriers that are preventing the
organizations of Libya to adopt e-commerce. The research is done based on the current findings,
existing e-commerce organizations, its limitations and challenges. This research is done with the
purpose of providing in-depth idea of current challenges of adopting e-commerce in Libya. The
Libyan e-commerce atmosphere is facing many problems. Security is one of the main concerns
of the Libyan e-commerce system. This research is done to provide a thorough analysis of the
current difficulties that the private companies in Libya face when shifting to the new e-
commerce era. The trust of the people is also an important factor while starting up an e-
commerce website. The atmosphere in Libya is affecting the smooth operation of the e-
commerce startups.
The literature search is done with the objective of searching and reviewing the current
academic research and peer-reviewed articles. The information gathered from those articles can
provide enough idea to propose a research question. The literature is focused on two primary
aspects such as barriers to e-commerce implementation and current challenges of existing e-
commerce in Libya. There are multiple barriers for e-commerce in Libya. Among these barriers
high cost of internet services, credit card insurance and transportation infrastructure are the main
ones. The challenges can be mainly trust based and security related as the new web based e-
commerce business is quite new for the people of Libya. The security infrastructure is also not
up to the mark in Libya which increases the concerns. This creates problem for the current e-
commerce businesses as well as the businesses who are thinking of starting an e-commerce

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section of their own. The Google scholar academic database has been used for searching all the
required articles.
1.2 Literature Search:
This part of the study is focused upon the performed searches in the academic database.
The following table has been presented to show the searched question, filters, total result found
and assessment.
Numbe
r
Search questions Filters Results Assessment
1 E-commerce
Adaptation
2015-2018 2802 Search term too generic, further
refinement needed.
2 E-commerce
Adaptation in
Business
2015-2018 2102 A new source, brought back vast
amounts of results. Found a paper,
will refine the search to find if the
authors have other papers.
3 E-commerce
Adaptation in
Libya
2015-2018 2102 The author had published three
papers, but only one was relevant
to the topic.
4 E-commerce
adaptation
challenges
2015-2018 830 Some results weren’t specific to
websites. A few good sources
appeared at the top of the search
results.
5 E-commerce in 2015-2018 101 Some good results, the best results

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Libya were from older sources.
6 Economic state in
Libya
2015-2018 75 One of the papers contained the
title ‘Barriers of E-commerce
Adaptation in Libya’. That term
was then used as alternative to
‘Barriers of E-commerce
Adaptation in Libya’
7 Existing E-
commerce in
Libya
2015-2018 150 Useful sources that are current.
Look to refine this search term
further.
8 Types of E-
commerce
2015-2018 123 Similar results to the previous
search, only the first 25 results
were specific to the criteria. Time
to use another source.
9 E-commerce
adaptation process
2015-2018 46 After finding quality papers in the
ACM database, a switch back to
the IEEE database with the same
term was made. The results
weren’t too different from
previous searches on the IEEE
database for the term without
’methods’.
10 Mitigate 2015-2018 40 Search for specific project

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Challenge of E-
Commerce
Adaptation
management methodologies which
have appeared in previous
searches.
11 Security risks in
E-commerce
2015-2018 57 The data range was expanded as
some good results came from the
previous search.
12 Operational risks
in E-commerce
2015-2018 110 No useful papers.
13 How e-commerce
is changing
economic state
2015-2018 83 No useful papers.
14 Securing E-
commerce against
fraud
2015-2018 34 A good source found.
15 Fraud in E-
commerce
transactions
2015-2018 3 Refine to more recent papers.
16 E-commerce
barrier in Libya
2015-2018 18 Few good sources found.
17 Libyan Cyber
Law
2015-2018 20 Not many results, will try and
expand the date range.
18 Cyber-attacks at
Libya
2015-2018 45 No useful papers.

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19 Impact of Cyber-
attack on E-
commerce
2015-2018 85 Refine to more recent papers.
20 E-commerce
challenges in
Libya
2015-2018 26 Refine to more recent papers.
1.3 Literature Evaluation:
The Information Technology and Communication industry is moving toward the future
pretty fast. The technologies are updated and new technologies are coming each year. As the
technology is moving in fast pace, the researches done on that particular technology becomes
obsolete. Every day something new is added to the ever growing scientific research community.
Technologies become obsolete so fast. A product which is in demand in today’s market will
become obsolete two years from now. The e-commerce is the future of shopping and most
countries have already heavily invested in it. Amazon, one of the world’s leading technology
related company is also an e-commerce company. The e-commerce business provides so many
benefits to its customers that it has become very popular nowadays. Good quality network and
transport infrastructure is very important to sustain an e-commerce business. The host country
should have properly connected roadways needed for timely product delivery. Proper internet
connectivity is also required as the entire process is online.
The population of that country should be able to afford a personal computer or laptop
along with a good internet connection for using the proposed service. Both these infrastructure
would help to expand the business all over Libya. The people of Libya also wants this new form

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of commerce to be implemented in their country. This will depend on many factors such as
infrastructure and security of the adopting country. This can be estimated once data related to
Libyan infrastructure state is gathered and analyzed. This process will help in determining the
lacking part of the requirements and help make changes to improve the same and create
opportunities for more e-commerce businesses. That is why research is related regarding the state
of the online infrastructure is very important. Once the requirement is estimated, the government
can implement or improve the systems to accommodate the e-commerce business. The best way
to do this by using academic journals and paper related to the Libyan web infrastructure.
Research materials and government policy reports are the best way to collect information on
these topics. That is why selecting the most recent papers, the best is 2018 to 2019, is the more
accurate way to collect the latest and updated data. However, the three year range of searching
the research papers is also a good choice. If same kind of two papers are found then the latest one
will be considered. The literatures has been selected which are most relevant to the research
question.
These literature documents have been thoroughly checked and selected based on the
number of citations and use in other research journals related to our research topic. Each of these
articles talks about the various challenges faced in countries like Libya and how it slows down
the process of implementing e-commerce systems there. The selected research paper must be
related to at least one of the two primary areas such as barriers to e-commerce implementation
and current challenges of existing e-commerce in Libya.
1.4 Final List of Literature:
Numbe
r
Articles Barriers to e-
commerce
Current
challenges
Searc

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implementatio
n
of existing
e-commerce
in Libya
h
1 E-Commerce in Developing Countries:
A Case Study on the Factors Affecting
E-commerce Adoption in Libyan
Companies, pp.102-115 by El-fitouri,
Mohamed Othman
20
2 Developing a model of E-business
implementation for SMEs in Libya by
Massoud, Ali Mahmmoud Elmabruk,
MadyaDr Sharifah Meriam, Binti Syed
Akil, and Khairunneezam Bin Mohd
Noor
7
3 Relevance of development of business
and electronic-business services in
sphere of foreign economic activity of
Libya by Ali, Elngar Mahmud, and
Panshin Boris
20
4 The E-commerce Development and its
Limitations in Full Operating Cycle
Firms in V4 Countries by Brozyna,
Emilia, Grzegorz Michalski, Guenter
18

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Blendinger, and Ahmed Ahmidat
5 E-commerce security challenges: A
Taxonomy by Al Ladan, Mohamad
Ibrahim
9
6 Factors Affecting Electronic Commerce
Acceptance and Usage in Libyan ICT
Organizations by Mrabet, Abdunnaser
20
7 An Investigation of Factors Affecting the
Adoption of E-payment System in Libya
by Elbasir, Mahmoud Hassan
5
8 Impression Allocation for Combating
Fraud in E-commerce Via Deep
Reinforcement Learning with Action
Norm Penalty by Zhao, Mengchen, Zhao
Li, Bo An, Haifeng Lu, Yifan Yang, and
Chen Chu
20
9 Reinforcement mechanism design for
fraudulent behaviour in e-commerce by
Cai, Qingpeng, Aris Filos-Ratsikas,
Pingzhong Tang, and Yiwei Zhang
15
10 Online e-commerce fraud: a large-scale
detection and analysis by Weng, Haiqin,
Zhao Li, Shouling Ji, Chen Chu, Haifeng
15

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Lu, Tianyu Du, and Qinming He
11 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND
E-COMMERCE IN LIBYA by
Almadani, Alseddig
20
12 Effects of service quality on perceived
security and customer trust in E-
commerce by Rasool, Adil, and P.
Rajmohan
23
1.5 Discarded Literature:
Total twenty four literatures were selected at the beginning. Six of those papers could not
make it to the initial list. The reason of rejection were different such as research done on a well-
developed country, the research provides latest information on obsolete technologies, inadequate
data and more. A research paper done on a well-developed country like America or England is
automatically invalid as such a country has already all the required infrastructure needed to
sustain the e-commerce business. A country like America already has all the latest high speed
network infrastructure and security protocols in place that can easily support even the high load
e-commerce servers and websites.
Developed countries also boast of extremely well-connected and developed roadways and
airways. They also have access to special and improved waterways for heavy goods transport. So
they are able to utilize their infrastructures to expand their e-commerce businesses. A research
article on such countries would not provide us with the data that is needed for a country like
Libya. For understanding the Libyan condition, papers and articles related to Libya or similarly

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structured or equipped countries should be taken into account. Another factor for discarding of
journals is that the information provided is not accurate or it is based on technologies that are not
used in today’s e-commerce business and is not supported globally. The third reason for rejection
could be incomplete or vague data that has no proper sourcing or cannot be authenticated
properly. These data sources are unreliable and hence cannot be used for academic work. The
initial list then evaluated and finally a list of twelve papers were made. These twenty four papers
were again examined again and only twelve papers were selected after careful studying of the
materials in them.
These papers are of much higher quality than their counterparts and provides authenticate
information researched from trusted sources be it private or government. The final list was
created on the basis of how much recent and accurate data is provided into the papers. It was
determined that only twelve papers will be selected, that is why few goods paper were cut down
from the list.
1.6 Conclusion:
It can be concluded that literature review was successful and adequate amount of data has
been collected from various papers. The data generated is related to the current state of Libyan e-
commerce businesses and the infrastructure available for these businesses to utilize. These
papers provided us with a lot of information regarding the state of Libyan web based
infrastructure. These papers also highlight the missing parts of the Libyan infrastructure and web
security protocols and how they can be implemented. The transportation infrastructure of a
country also plays a very important role in e-commerce business as the delivery of the items are
done manually by roadways and waterways. So, the availability of good airports, properly