Contemporary Issues: Economic Immigration in English Businesses

This report, focusing on contemporary issues in business, examines the impact of economic immigration on English businesses, specifically in London, Bradford, and Lincoln, over the past five years. It explores the drivers of economic immigration, including the pursuit of better job opportunities and improved living standards, and analyzes the effects on key sectors such as agriculture, banking, and manufacturing. The report highlights both the positive contributions of immigrants, such as their role in developing industries and contributing to the economy, and the negative impacts, including potential strains on public services and competition for jobs. The study identifies best practices for managing economic immigration, such as controlling migration and providing training. The report concludes with an assessment of the overall effect of economic immigration, emphasizing the complex interplay of benefits and challenges for UK businesses.

CONTEMPORARY
ISSUES IN BUSINESS
(“THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC
IMMIGRATION UPON ENGLISH
BUSINESSES OVER THE LAST 5 YEARS IN
LONDON, BRADFORD AND LINCOLN”)

ABSTRACT
The report describes the effect of economic immigration upon UK businesses. The UK
businesses are facing the both positive and negative impact of economic immigration. The main
reasons behind this immigration is to have good job opportunity and to improve the standard of
living. There are several issues associated with immigration such as age distribution, health
status and skill level. Along with that fertility patterns and nature of immigration also have direct
impact on economic growth of UK. The net contribution of immigrants in different cities like
Bradford and Lincoln is positive because of their contribution for development of textile, food
industry etc. They use public services and other welfare activities in less proportion which create
relatively less cost but high profit for country as UK. The concept of self-expatriates can also be
applied because London has become to centre focus for migrants. Here, number of people visit
UK for the purpose of job and growth opportunities. It is helpful in achieving objectives of
selected sector which serves as the basis for development of nation. The key drivers behind the
migration of people has been identified. First reason is the poverty, it is because, poverty in other
African and Asian countries has diverted their citizens towards the UK agriculture and
manufacturing sector. Further, in the past 5 years, UK has experienced a regular flow of migrants
into the economy. Moreover, these migrants act as the negative factor which cut down the job
opportunities of the UK people and lower down the wage rates. Lastly there are several best
practices adopted by the companies such as controlling migration, reducing temporary
migrations, motivation, training, etc.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to impart my sincere thanks to my mentor who provided immense support
during the completion of this project. Along with that I would like to say thanks to my friends
who all the time supported me by providing supporting material which are required in this
project report. In addition to this, I also want to say thanks to my parents without their concern
this project could not have come to an end. At last, I want to confess that the completion of this
project could not be possible without the participation and assistance of so many people whose
names may not be enumerated.
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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this Project Report titled “Contemporary Issues in Business (The
Effect of Economic Immigration Upon English Businesses Over The Last 5 Years In
London, Bradford and Lincoln)” submitted to the Department of (college and department
name), is a record of original work done by me under the guidance of (teacher name).
The information and data given in this report is authentic to best of my knowledge. The
data is taken is completely unique and not similar to any of the report of other business school.
Along with that, the report has the word count of 4700 which is completely unique and has been
done by doing detailed research.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...............................................................................................................3
DECLARATION.............................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................6
Identification and justification.....................................................................................................6
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................9
Drivers of economic immigration ...............................................................................................9
The concept of economic immigration......................................................................................10
The impact of economic immigration on agriculture, banking and manufacturing..................13
IDENTIFICATION OF BEST PRACTICE WITH RESPECT TO MANAGEMENT OF
ECONOMIC IMMIGRANTION...................................................................................................15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................18
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................19
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ILLUSTRATION INDEX
Illustration 1: Immigration share of region's working age populations...........................................8
Illustration 2: Distribution of self-employed & employee foreign-born workers............................9
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INTRODUCTION
Economic immigration is the process of emigration from one to another country with
specific purpose of improving living standard. The main reason behind immigration are; lack of
job opportunities and low living standard of migrant's in their own country. There are several
issues associated with immigration such as age distribution, health status and skill level. Along
with that fertility patterns and nature of immigration also have direct impact on economic growth
of UK (Manacorda, Manning and Wadsworth, 2012). On the other hand, some workforce go
from one to another country for the purpose of work. Preset report is based on impact of
economic immigration and its direct impact on English Businesses. For this purpose different
sources of information have been accessed which leads to develop deep understanding with
regard to selected research area. Apart from this meaningful conclusion will be drawn in
accordance with formulated research aim and objectives.
Identification and justification
The net contribution of immigrants in different cities like Bradford and Lincoln is
positive because of their contribution for development of textile, food industry etc. They use
public services and other welfare activities in less proportion which create relatively less cost but
high profit for country as UK. However, consistent increase in immigrants lead to high
population through which burden can be seen in schools and other development activities. It
serves as issue for economic growth of nation (Anderson and Ruhs, 2010). The following
diagram is showing that approximate 42% people live in London for the purpose of work.
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(Source: Migrants in UK labour market, 2016)
They have basic aim to develop their own skills and career development. Such type of
focuses migrants tend to get permission in the form of VISA for entering into new country. It can
be critically evaluated that immigrants who uses false pretences; crossing border in illegal
manner and tourism (Kerr and Kerr, 2011). Owing to this, nations have to take strict decision
related to deportation. The process of deportation is critical where people are forcefully departed
from one to other country. Furthermore, it is helpful for nation because government cannot take
risk of arrival of unknown party. It has direct impact on security of nation whereby immigrants
can harm country by involving into unethical practices like assistance to enemy in war. Food
preparation ad hospitality sector consist of 30% migrants in UK.
Furthermore, study will be based on following aim and objectives. It assists researcher to
work upon mentioned objectives. Here, three cities of UK are considered such as Bradford,
Lincoln and London. However, the areas selected are; agriculture, manufacturing and banking.
These sectors get advantages from skilled and competent workforce who come in UK for the
purpose of job (Genc and et.al., 2012).
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Illustration 1: Immigration share
of region's working age populations

Aim- To evaluate the effect of economic immigration upon English businesses over the last 5
years in London, Bradford and Lincoln”
The objectives of study has been formulated in accordance with aim of the study. Here,
three parts are formed in accordance with aim which support researcher to gather meaningful
data for producing valid outcome.
Objectives To identify the drivers of economic immigration. To understand the concept of economic immigration. To analyze the impact of economic immigration on agriculture, banking and
manufacturing.
The aforementioned objectives begin with concept of economic migration. Under this,
detail information related to immigration has been given along with causes behind the issue.
Furthermore, concept is applied to assess the effective of economic immigration on
manufacturing, banking and agriculture sector (Dustmann, Frattini and Preston, 2013). This
enable researcher to produce meaningful outcome on the basis of results.
(Source:Migrants in UK labour market. 2016)
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Illustration 2: Distribution of self-
employed & employee foreign-born workers

The above mentioned diagram is showing that in 2013 there were 36% foreign born
workers and 45% self-employees workforce. On the other hand, in 2014 48% immigrants are
self-employed in London. The scenario is clearly showing that increasing population of migrants
tends to have direct impact on different cities of UK with specific focus on London. Apart from
this, population of UK for foreign born people has been increased from 3.8 million to 8.3 in
2014. Thus, it depicts that London consists of high proportion of immigrants in comparison to
any other cities of UK (Dustmann and Frattini, 2014). The reflection of collected information
bring forth outcome that economic migration tends to result both positive and negative aspect.
However, different sectors like food industry, banking and agriculture are expanding because of
competent and skilled workforce who come from different countries.
The concept of self-expatriates can also be applied because London has become to center
focus for migrants. Here, number of people visit UK for the purpose of job and growth
opportunities. It is helpful in achieving objectives of selected sector which serves as the basis for
development of nation (Aleksynska and Peri, 2014). For example, Banking sector of UK is the
core sector for development and growth all other industry. This is because monetary resources
are controlled and circulated through the same. At the same time, agriculture sector of nation
plays vital role for hotel, tourism and retail industry. For this purpose, significant contribution of
immigrants can be seen at extreme level. This is showing that London, Bradford and Lincoln has
number of immigrates who contribute towards success and growth of industries. Apart from this,
textile industry of nation is getting benefit from multi-skilled employees coming across country
for the purpose of job. This aspect tend to increase gross domestic product of UK. At the same
time, government is getting good return due to enhancement of skilled workforce in several
industry (Eraydin, Tasan-Kok and Vranken, 2010). Furthermore, labour force has been increased
just because of high economic immigrants. On the contrary increasing population is the another
reason for negative impact of economic growth of nation. It is because consistent rise in
population will affect industrial areas to a great extent. In the same way government has to
increase public facilities which force them to ensure rise in taxation policy.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Drivers of economic immigration
According to the views of Harell and et.al., (2012) economic immigration refers to as the
movement of people from one place to another for the purpose of residing. The key drivers
behind the migration of people has been identified. First reason is the poverty, it is because,
poverty in other African and Asian countries has diverted their citizens towards the UK
agriculture and manufacturing sector. People do not fulfil their necessity demand by residing in
their native country. Due to which they have to relocate themselves in order to fulfil their
necessity. Secondly, the people from developing country mainly migrate for the purpose of
raising their standard of living and to accomplish their demand which cannot be fulfilled in the
host country (Malhotra, Margalit and Mo, 2013). As it is known that London city is the most
developed city in the world and also residing there is a kind of status symbol for the person. This
is the driver of the economic immigration which have been identified by the researchers. Further,
the third reason behind the migration is that for the development purpose, people migrate from
one place to another. In order to develop their personality and professionalism people migrate
form one place to another. Further, the main driver behind this immigration is for better job
opportunities. Migrants find good job opportunities at UK because the country provide good jobs
which can be useful for them to develop their quality of life. Along with that, they can find the
required job for which they are searching. In addition to this, people also migrate because the
political condition of one country is not good. This leads to the migration in UK. Such
migrations are temporary and people again move to their host country when their political
situation get stable. However, Kerr and Kerr (2011) argued that this kind of migration create a
big issue for the companies as they have to face many challenges such as increase in attrition
rate, wastage of resources, low employee morale and many more other reasons. Therefore, these
are some of the drivers which push the people to relocate themselves.
The concept of economic immigration
As per the view point of Manacorda, Manning and Wadsworth (2012) emigration can be
defined as the relocation of individual from one country to another country. These individual
migrate for many reason that is increasing the chance of employment or improving their standard
of living. Economic immigration on the other hand defined by Anderson and Ruhs (2010) is that
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movement of people from one country to another in order to improve the job opportunity and to
raise the quality of life. Further, this economic immigration has a diverse impact on the several
business of UK. Particularly, this process has impacted the economy in various manner. Kerr and
Kerr (2011) describe that in the past 5 years, UK has experienced a regular flow of migrants into
the economy. Such migrants is a significant element for the growth of the UK population. He
also explained that due to the economic migrant, economy get a positive effect. It is because, the
country get fresh and talented people which can increase the labour force. Further, this
movement also assist the UK economy to increase in aggregate demand of labour because there
will be more supply of labours. Due to this, real GDP of a country will raise eventually.
However, Genc and et.al., (2012) criticized that although increase in migrants will raise the
economy and improvise the labour market but it may create various social issues such as
overcrowding in a nation, fall in the living standard because of the rapid increase in migrant
population. Therefore, as per the view of Genc and et.al., (2012) increase in real GDP must be
measured against these social issues which may affect the quality of life. Along with that,
criticism has been made by Aydemir and Borjas, (2010) that most of the migrants are Romanian
and Bulgarian and Romanian women have high fertility rate when they live in UK and this can
cause a disastrous impact on UK economy as the population of the UK will get increase
drastically. Therefore, the main reason due to which Britishers does not like to have more
immigrants in UK.
On the other hand, Dustmann, Frattini and Preston (2013) commented that immigration
has a significant role to play in the UK economy. This immigration has benefited the agriculture
sector in several manner. It is important for the UK agriculture, manufacturing and banking
sector to have migrant workers on farms, in factory and in banks. It is because, diversity will act
as competitive advantage for these sector. Many new culture could be build up which may help
in the increase in country's economy. Whereas, Dustmann and Frattini (2014) argued that, these
sectors are highly affected by the foreign born people who relocate themselves in order to gain
new job opportunity. It is because, company has to face many issues by employing diversed
culture people. The firms have to manage them in order to take out best out from them.
According to expert comments of Jean and Jimenez (2011) the reason behind the rapid
increase in the economic immigration is that London, Bradford and Lincoln have good job
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