Analysis of UK Egg Price Determination and Drug Consumption Policies

This report analyzes the economic factors influencing the price determination of eggs in the UK, focusing on the interplay of supply and demand, consumer preferences, and market dynamics. It examines how factors like product quality, legislation, taxes, technology, and tradable permits affect egg prices. The report then shifts to the issue of recreational drug consumption, identifying relevant economic policies and governmental regulations, such as the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016, aimed at reducing drug use. The report delves into the impact of these policies, the classification of drugs, and the government's role in regulating the drug market. Furthermore, it explores the challenges associated with drug addiction and the measures taken to address the issue, providing a comprehensive overview of the economic and policy aspects of both egg pricing and drug consumption in the UK.

ECONOMICS FOR
BUSINESS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
1.Implicating supply and demand to identify price determination of eggs in the UK.................3
2. Identifying economic policies for government to reduce consumption of “recreational
drugs”...........................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
The supply and demand play main tole in analyzing the ability of businesses in
performing operations in the market. Thus, consumer preferences create demand which
addressing their requirements creates appropriate supply for the products. It has the impacts in
marginal benefits of consumption and produced quantities due to changes in operational
activities. In the present report there will be discussion based on the UK economic policies
relevant with determining prices as per demand and supply as well as suggestion relevant with
reduction in consumption of recreational drugs. It will also highlight the factor which are mainly
affecting market failure and operational variations in trade practices.
MAIN BODY
1.Implicating supply and demand to identify price determination of eggs in the UK
The main economic foundation of economy is supply and demand. For understanding
supply and demand analysis it is very important for considering supply and demand on
individual aspect. There is presence of different factors which shift demand and supply as well.
In relation with having changes in the prices and operational practices on which it can be said
that there are various factors which influence the demand and supply and which have impacts of
changes in prices for the particular commodity. Considering the competition stated in the market
on which there are various individuals or entities which brings the reforms in the prices. It can be
said that the prices bring the incentives to both producer and buyers. Encouraging the rise in
production is due to rise in prices for the commodities. Similarly, if the commodities are less
consumed by the buyers that it will affect the prices to be reduce and also discouraging for the
producer to produce such commodities (Lagoa-Varela, Alvarez-García and Boedo
Vilabella,2018).
Demand and Supply relationship:
Considering the equilibrium of the market on which at a point where demands and supply
for a particular commodity meets and brings balance in each operation. Time and situation of the
occurrence of such condition is when the consumer and producer are agreed on the effective
price and quantity of the commodities on their satisfaction level. Thus, satisfaction to both the

individual brings the equality in the demand and supply. Thus, the raise in demands in the market
on which producers are capable of producing unit of same proportion will be helpful in bringing
the equilibrium in market. Therefore, as per considering the Eggs production and its supply in
the UK market which have influences due to production level and demands stated in the market.
Illustration 1: Supply and demand
curve
(Source: Drydakis and et. al.,
2018)
In addition, it can be said that the impacts of prices are based on consumer preferences
and which are interrelated with the whole process of demand and supply. Thus, the behavioral
factor will be main element which determines the consumption of commodities as well as its
utilization in various operations. However, there have been various factors which are affecting
the prices of Eggs in UK market such as:
Product Quality: Considering the qualities of products which may have influences of
various factors such as not an appropriate quality of Eggs, disease relevant with Eggs as well as
current infections. However, here consumer have demanded to have commodities on the fixe
criteria and satisfactory level of the goods are being required by them. Moreover, it will be a
main factor which have influences in the prices of eggs in UK (Azevedo and Leshno, 2016).
Legislations: Influences of various laws and regulations which brings obstacles and
barriers in the trade practices of the entities. Thus, variation of such changes will have positive as
well as negative impacts in the rise of various insecurities. However, in relation with ascertaining
the business performed by Egg industries on which there have been various laws and regulation

which influences the trade practices such as appropriate licensing and various permits to operate
the poultry farm and operating activities.
Direct provision of public and merit goods: there have been impacts of various issues
like government have made various policies and practices which in turn controls the supply of
goods in the market. Execution of the trade practices is sometimes will be effective in increasing
the profitability as well as some time it might be risky to the business in relation with losing the
consumer backup.
Taxes: Performing the various business operations which have impacts on the prices such
as changing taxation policies as well as numbers of taxes have been levied on the commodities.
In UK an industry has to make various taxable payments on the goods and services which being
produced and deal by them. In includes, VAT, corporate tax, sales tax etc. In accordance with the
changes incurred taxation policies and planning of the government there have been influences to
price variations etc.
Technology: technical changes in market such as use of various machinery, equipment’s
and devices which variation in the operational activities. The prices of commodities will be
affected as per the Labour or various costs are associated with producing the units. Thus,
replacing the costs with the support of technology system there will be reduction in the costs and
which have impacts in reducing the prices for such articles. Changes in Egg prices in UK will
have satisfactory reforms as per implicating the machinery use for packaging and hatching Eggs.
Prices: Rate set on each product and services which were based on the cost levied on
production, its selling and distribution as well as demands a producer generate in the market.
Thus, the pricing reforms on each product and services are based on the quality demands and
expenses incurred in such products. Due to such facts there have been changes in the value and
prices of commodities (Ghosh and Shah, 2015).
Tradable permits: Considering the trading of the food article which are requires to have
various tests, permits and licensing before trading the articles in the market. Thus, such
variations in the operations will be effective in bringing the changes in operations as well as
making differences in the prices. Government in UK are completely focused on bringing the
suitable reforms in the operational practices as well as variation in the trade practices which were

have to be adequate important in meeting the barriers. Similarly, in comparison with the various
EU laws and regulations which are incorporated with the production Eggs it can be said that the
11% of market share is undertaken by EU as per producing eggs and transporting them in the
market (International Egg Market, 2008). Thus, the variations in each operation will have
effective fruitfulness as well As ascertainment of all the resources.
However, impacts of various factor which have negatively affected the operational
practices and the activities of the eggs industries as per analyzing the adequate demands and
supply. The management of operations, financial stability as well as acknowledgment of various
governmental reforms in policies and laws have affected the businesses of various poultry farms.
Changes in taxation system and the various rates are levied on the operations of the business
there have been huge impacts of such variations in the pricing and the operating activities of
entity. The differentiation and demand and supply are all depends of the consumers preferences
and the current policies. Moreover, it can be said that an owner of a poultry farm has to
approached towards having the adequate plans and policies for operations which will be effective
and useful for making the appropriate control over each operation (Norman, 2017).
2. Identifying economic policies for government to reduce consumption of “recreational drugs”
Ascertaining the various laws, amendments and regulations which are associated with the
production and manufacturing of the various kinds of drugs in the market. However, as per the
human history relevant with the use of various kinds of drugs and the side effects of such drugs
leads them to life threatening diseases. There are more than 247 million individuals around the
world are using drugs and investing the huge amount of money in drug industries (Tomkins and
et. al., 2018). The current challenging issue is that there are more than quarter billion adults are
addicted to the illegal drugs which is a serious issue. In relation with such consumption there are
higher uses of drugs like, Cocaine, LSD, Heroin, Marijuana, cannabis etc.
Therefore, there are various serious issues which are incorporated with the drug addiction
or people as well as profitability of producers in facilitating the drugs among them. The motive
behind producing drugs for giving the appropriate healthy treatment to the patients which are
suffering from any diseases. Thus, increasing the dose and serving them such drugs in an illegal
manner which will be unacceptable and challenging for them. However, there are various laws
and regulations which are incorporated with drug policies of the UK such as Misuse of Drugs

Act, 1971, The Departmental Committee on Morphine and Heroin Addiction. Governmental
legislation and various steps are taken in relation with improving the internal environment as per
protecting the nation from illegal drugs and its misuses.
Misuse of Drugs Act, 1971: These are the regulations which are legislated by the British
government in relation with improving health and wealth of society by controlling the Narcotic
drugs. However, it can be said that the possession of a controlled drugs which were unlawfully
carries by an individual as well as unlawful supply of the drugs (The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971,
2018). Therefore, this act approaches towards executing and administrating the misuse of drugs,
supply and possession which will eb charged penalties and punishments against the individuals.
The penalties are incorporated with an individual found using drug or with drug there will be
punishments of 6 months to life imprisonment. Moreover, the drugs have been categories as per
their impacts and legality such as:
Categories Description
Class A It includes Cocaine, heroin, LSD, DMT,
crack, MDMA (ecstasy), psilocybin
mushrooms and methamphetamine.
Class B Cannabis, codeine, methylphenidate,
amphetamine, ketamine and methoxetamine.
These are the drugs which have been injected
in body.
Class C Benzodiazepines, anabolic steroids, GHB,
Diazepam, Tranquillizers, sleeping peels and
Flunitrazepam.
Others There are various other drugs which are
involved in drug and supplements except
alcohol, caffeine and nicotine

Illustration 2: Death due to drug poisoning
(Source: The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, 2018)
Along with this there are various laws and acts which are being introduced by legislative
general in UK as per controlling drug issues and uses in the country. Thus, these all acts, laws
and regulations have various operational framework and which are in approach towards
controlling drug use in national boundaries such as:
The medicine Act, 1968: This act represents medicines in three classified categories
such as General sales, Prescribed medicines and pharmacy sales. In this specified list, controlled
drugs are also included but they are justified in different legislation. It is an act of parliament of
UK. It directly regulates supply and administration, licensing of specific medicines. There are
various restrictions which are imposed by specific regulations which is not applicable to any
activity which has been performed in registered pharmacy and clinic or health center as it is done
by supervising with related to pharmacist and it includes preparation or dispensing specific
medical product on basis of specific prescription. It also helps in assembling medicinal product
which is not referred as advertisement (Archer and et. al., 2015).
The psychoactive Substances Act, 2016: It is considered as major law in UK which is
intended for restricting sale, supply and production of new class of these substances which are

replicated as legal highs. It directly defines substances by depressing and stimulating mid
nervous system which is directly impacting emotional state or mental functioning of specific
person. This specific law bans many substances which exempt tobacco, alcohol or products of
nicotine and any drug which is regulated under Misuse of drugs Act 1971. This act directly give
offence for supplying, producing or offering for supply or any substance which is directly
intended for consumption of human which has capability for giving affect which is psychoactive.
Usually it exempts various activities of health care which has approved different
scientific research under this act in context of person who is involved in these activities as they
have legitimate requirement for applicably substances in particular work. In the same series it
consists of provision for civil sanctions such as notice to public, premises and their orders and
well which helps in enabling all local authorities and police for adapting a graded reply for
psychoactive items in particular cases.
All offences were made punishable through fine or it might be increased in this specific
year as it had convicted offence summary till seven years under this indictment. In the same
series it also defines any possession of offence in specific custodial institution.
There is presence of different arguments for prohibiting drugs and any related policy
reform whose subject is considered as controversy. In the same series it is not clearly stated that
how drug can be eradicated for translating it into policy. The main aim is to observe that policy
should be assessed on basis of method for implicating use of drug. For alternative, and for
making society drug free whose goal is to minimize harm of drugs. UK had adopted drug
strategy whose objective is to decrease drug impact to society, individuals along with their
family and community as well. Basically, it is permitting idea that specific drug should be
categorized as softer than compared to others. These regulations which are mentioned above
discourage the applications of hard drugs as its impact are very harmful.
There is presence of unique formulation for innovative idea for minimizing harm which
are originated from drugs. The harm which are created by these drugs such as hepatitis and HIV
from bad needles. The objective of pollution free society must be able to win votes but in the
end, it had lost capability of generating policy which is sensible. There is presence of different
form of pollution which might have huge cost so for reducing them reason has been extracted.

So, in this series, it must be able to believe that any benefit regarding health must be able to
justify laws and regulations for alcohol and legal drugs (Lee and et.al., 2016).
CONCLUSION
From the above study it can be concluded that analysis of supply and demand helps in
understanding basic fundamental of economics as they are evaluated on individual aspect. It has
also reflected on basis of investigating and understanding which had given huge impact through
market operations or it might be failure with context to market. It has been articulated that there
are various factors which helps in justifying prices of eggs in UK such as taxes, technology,
product quality and many more. Further it has been summed by representing various policies by
UK government which are used for reducing consumption of recreational drugs as they are
giving harm to society which also worsens pollution level. Last but not least, it has been shown
that drugs are creating harm to whole society and individuals and as well as their families.

REFERENCES
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toxicity. Journal of Substance Use. 21(2). pp.158-161.
Norman, J. B., 2017. Measuring improvements in industrial energy efficiency: A decomposition
analysis applied to the UK. Energy. 137. pp.1144-1151.
Tomkins, A. and et. al., 2018. Prevalence of recreational drug use reported by men who have sex
with men attending sexual health clinics in Manchester, UK. International journal of STD
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Online
International Egg Market. 2008. [Online]. Available through :<
http://www.internationalegg.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Annual_Review_2008.pdf >.

The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. 2018. [Online]. Available through :<
http://www.drugwise.org.uk/what-are-the-uk-drug-laws/>.