Reducing Pregnancy Issues in Obese Women: An Educational Program

This report investigates the challenges faced by obese women during pregnancy and proposes an educational program to mitigate complications. It begins with an introduction highlighting the risks associated with obesity, such as miscarriage, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia, and emphasizes the negative impact on both the mother and the child. The literature review defines obesity, explores its pathophysiology, and discusses the symptoms and causes, emphasizing the role of an educational program in reducing complications, enhancing health outcomes, and lowering miscarriage rates. The research methodology outlines the research paradigm, philosophy, methods, approach, and design, including data collection tools, sampling techniques, and ethical considerations. The results and findings section presents data from interviews and observations. The report concludes with a discussion, reflection, and recommendations for future research and interventions. The report aims to improve the quality of life for obese pregnant women by providing timely interventions and promoting regular monitoring of complications. The report emphasizes on the importance of understanding the issues and complexities obese women face during pregnancy and focuses on creating educational programs to address these challenges.

To reduce the
difficulties of
overweight women
the during
pregnancy
childbirth through
educational
program

Contents
1. Introduction................................................................................................................................1
Aim.........................................................................................................................................2
Objective...............................................................................................................................2
Research questions.............................................................................................................2
Rationale...............................................................................................................................3
Statement of Intention.........................................................................................................3
Background...........................................................................................................................4
2. LITERATURE REVIEW...........................................................................................................4
Definition of Obesity and its impact on pregnant women..............................................4
Pathophysiology of Obesity................................................................................................5
Obesity symptoms and causes..........................................................................................5
Reduction in complications faced by obese women during pregnancy through
educational program............................................................................................................7
Enhance the health outcomes pregnant women face due to obesity.........................8
Reduction in miscarriages in obese women through an educational program..........9
3. Research Methodology..........................................................................................................10
Research Paradigm...........................................................................................................10
Research philosophy.........................................................................................................10
Research Methods............................................................................................................11
Research Approach...........................................................................................................11
Research Design...............................................................................................................11
Data Collection Tools........................................................................................................12
Data Sampling....................................................................................................................13
Ethical Consideration........................................................................................................14
4. RESULTS AND FINDINGS...................................................................................................14
Interview:.............................................................................................................................14
Observation technique:.....................................................................................................18
5. DISCUSSION..........................................................................................................................20
6. Reflection.................................................................................................................................22
7. Conclusion and Recommendations.....................................................................................23

Conclusion..........................................................................................................................23
Recommendations.............................................................................................................25
8. REFERENCES........................................................................................................................27

1. Introduction
There are various kind of issues which are faced by the women's while pregnancy.
Some of these issues are due to pre pregnancy weights, this is because there are
various kind of risk related to miscarriage, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, venous
thromboembolism. In current time obesity can be defined as a major problem which
leads to various kind of disadvantage at the time of pregnancy. in relation to the
women's who are generally placed at the time of pregnancy has to face different
difficulty related to gastric problems diabetes and many other which can directly impact
on their pregnancy as well as their child (Hanson and et. al., 2017). It is seen that there
are various kind of negative impacts on the health of child who is in the womb of women
giving birth. Weight is dangerous for a woman who is going to give a birth to baby
because it can reduce their fertility rate as well as their immunity which can impact on
the stress level as well as directly effect on the health of baby and can lead to the
depression in a mother. From various kinds of studies it can be analysed that there are
more chances of miscarriage as well as failure of operation while giving birth because of
obesity. In current time, it is a biggest issue which is faced by the world and also making
it worse for chronic pregnancy outcomes. This is also impacting on the quality life of the
woman in a current time where it is directly reduces the chances of success.
Miscarriage is a major risk which is directly related to the obesity within the woman
who is giving birth to a baby. There are various kind of health related problems and one
of the major issue is diabetes and cardiovascular problems. Inequality life of women's
will directly impacted by this and major issues related to ill health and unhealthy lifestyle
can be seen. From the studied this can be seen that obesity will impact on the physical
and mental development of the child inside a woman (Ma and et. al., 2016). Also
decrease the pregnancy rate where women chances miscarriage was more than normal
and fit women. In a recent study conducted by United Kingdom’s health care centre it
was found that it point 20% women suffering from obesity the chances to face problem
of miscarriage at the time of delivery. The whole research is conducted on hundred
women’s where it is also analysed as miscarriage can lead to several other problems in
future on a women which are related to the bone density as well as fast aging. Anxiety
and depression are also causes which can be seen in a woman who suffer from
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miscarriage due to obesity. in this current report there is a discussion about the
reduction complications related to the pregnancy which are faced by different
movements were suffering from the obesity at the time of pregnancy (Stephenson and
et. al., 2018). There is description about the various incidents and knowledge which are
related to marriage in the pregnancy effectively so that chances of miscarriage can be
reduced within the pregnant woman's as well as early symptoms will be identified so
that problem faced by obese women related to pregnancy will be identified.
Aim
In present investigating research former researcher has formulated the aim which
is “To deal with the issues and complexities a women go through who is obese and
pregnant through an instructive program.” The task likewise targets improving the
personal satisfaction by giving ease to indications and advancing customary checking of
inconveniences identified with pregnant women dealing with obesity. It helps with
lessening wellbeing entanglements by conveying opportune interventions developed by
government.
Objective
• To reduce the complications faced by obese women during pregnancy
through educational program.
• To enhance the health outcome of obese women facing problems during
pregnancy.
• To reduce the miscarriage rate in obese women through an educational
program.
Research questions
• What are the complications faced by obese women during pregnancy?
• How to reduce the complications faced by obese women during pregnancy
through an educational program?
• How to enhance health outcome of obese women facing problem during
pregnancy?
• How to reduce the miscarriage rate in obese women through an educational
program?
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Rationale
Major reason behind conducting investigation on the chosen topic is because the
quantity of issues dealt by healthy pregnant women are being rising ceaselessly. They
are fundamentally confronting high number of inconveniences during the hour of
pregnancy coming about into unfavourable pregnancy results for the most part
miscarriage. It has been examined that miscarriage rate among healthy or obese
females 25% in a range of week (Stang and Huffman, 2016). The most elevated danger
of miscarriage that can be looked by fat females is between 0 a month and a half. It has
been examined that obese or fat women can experience premature delivery during the
underlying long stretches of pregnancy without even them understanding of being
pregnant. There are different kinds of inconveniences that can be looked by
heavyweight woman, for example, they can experience issue of asthma. Other serious
issue that can be looked by them remembers contamination for wound. They can
likewise confront issue in starting breastfeeding. This can lay antagonistic effect on
improvement capacities of kid. The significant explanation of this investigation is to
decrease the measure of intricacies faced by women who are heavyweight and giving
them information and instruction identified with compelling administration of pregnancy
(Withers, Kharazmi and Lim, 2018). This can help social insurance experts in lessening
the pace of unsuccessful labour in over-weight pregnant females. They will likewise
attempt to lessen the hazard identified with other wellbeing related issue in overweight
females.
Statement of Intention
The reason for this dissertation is to upgrade information for women who are
obese or overweight through an instructive program with the goal that they don't
confronted any inconveniences identified with pregnancy. In these medicinal services
experts will utilize different administration methodologies with the goal that hazard
identified with medical issues of pregnant females can be diminished. They will be
occupied with improving personal satisfaction of pregnant large females through
instructive program. They will be engaged with making them mindful about early signs
and manifestations of entanglements looked by overweight women (Flenady and et. al.,
2016).
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Background
Over the years, it has been analysed to that many investigations were performed
on the difficulties which are faced by pregnant women while giving birth to the child or
during the pregnancy period of time. But, there are only a few investigations were done
on the particular problem which is obesity that has majorly raised a number of risks for a
pregnant woman like delivering a child who is premature and so on (Redsell and et. al.,
2016). Including this, it has been analysed to that at the time of pregnancy and
overweight woman specifically deals with more issues than a woman who is fit. In the
past, there were a less number of educational programs that were generated by
governments in order to study the different risks that an overweight woman carries
when she gets pregnant or while spending the time of pregnancy. But now it has
become impossible to understand the different issues coma risks and cons that main
directly impact on life of the woman who is overweight and her child as well. Mostly,
there are a few common issues that majorly takes place and these are cardiovascular
problem, wound infection, diabetes, cardio vascular problem, asthma, wound infection
or they can even face problem during the time of breast feeding. Away with this, it can
be said that the major or serious issue which is majorly being faced by overweight
females in pregnancy incorporates actuate work, cesarean segments. This can lay
serious negative effect on wellbeing result of stout females and furthermore can lay
other effect on child’s development as well. Basically, it can be said that there are
various elements be decreased by human services experts to rouse women to take an
interest in different sort of multimodal exercises and giving training on same (Poston
and et. al., 2016).
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Definition of Obesity and its impact on pregnant women
Obesity can be defined as medical conditions where an individual carries excess
body fat that specifically impact negatively on health. On the other hand, Body mass
index (BMI) is one of the crucial tool that is being utilised to evaluate in terms of fat
distribution via the waist–hip ratio and total cardiovascular risk factors. Including this,
the major impact over pregnant women that can be seen of obesity is directly linking
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towards miscarriage, premature baby, and it may also affect health conditions as well of
women going through the difficulties (Alkema and et. al., 2016).
Pathophysiology of Obesity
In human body, obesity occurs when imbalance takes place among energy
expenditure and caloric intake. Basically, it is considered to be the imbalance that
majorly takes place within genetic and environmental influence. On the other hand,
mostly in human body discovery of immunologic abnormalities can be considered as
obesity and these specifically stays linked with leptin-proopiomelanocortin system and
elevated tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) brought a new perspective to the
understanding of obesity. It has been analysed that these are said to be some of the
crucial elements that specifically impacts negatively on a woman when she is pregnant
(Hawkes and et. al., 2020).
Leptin is a hormone made primarily in adipocytes. The circulating leptin levels
reflect the amount of stored body fat. Leptin is a negative feedback signal that acts on
the hypothalamus to alter the expression of several neuroendocrine peptides that
regulate energy intake and expenditure. Central resistance to leptin is a prominent
feature of obesity. In other words, obesity is said to be a sickness including an over the
top measure of muscle versus fat. Obesity isn't only a corrective concern. It is a clinical
issue that expands danger for pregnant women of different sicknesses and medical
issues, for example, coronary illness, diabetes, hypertension and certain malignant
growths.
Obesity symptoms and causes
Symptoms:
Obesity is specifically being diagnosed in an individual when the body mass
index (BMI) is 30 or higher. In order to identify body mass index pregnant women can
effectively divide her weight in pounds by considering her height in inches squared and
multiply it by 703 (Devlieger and et. al., 2016). Or divide the weight in kilograms by a
pregnant women's height in meters squared.
Causes:
Human science has found ample number of causes of obesity and these are
genetic, behavioural, metabolic and hormonal influences on body weight, obesity occurs
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when an individual take in more calories than it is required for him or her to burn through
exercise and normal daily activities. It has been found that, human body specifically
stores excess of calories as fat because, most of Individuals diets in United Kingdom
are too high in calories often from fast food and high-calorie beverages (Cahill and et.
al., 2018). Over the years, women dealing with obesity whether she is pregnant or not
carries a habit of eating more calories before feeling full and also do not performs any
sort of exercise or daily activities to burn them and continuation of this routine may
excessively impact on different situations like she may feel hungry, or eat more due to
stress or anxiety. Some of causes are presented underneath:
 Genetic influences: Genetic solutions of women plays an important role of a
person to deal with obesity or becoming obese. It is may be possible that a
woman may specifically maintain most of the control to carry a particular weight
but it has been found that rare genetic diseases make it almost impossible to
avoid obesity (Vir, 2016).
 Physiological influences: A few analysts accept that each individual has a
foreordained weight that the body opposes moving endlessly from (Obese).
Additionally, individuals of a similar age, sex and body size regularly have
diverse metabolic rates. This implies their bodies consume food in an
unexpected way. Somebody with a low metabolic rate may require less calories
to keep up roughly a similar load as somebody whose metabolic rate is high.
 Food intake and eating disorders: If a women who is pregnant eat a lot, then it
is may be possible that she may consume foods that are high in fat and calories.
This situation may increase chances for her to become obese. Obesity also can
result from eating disorders, such as a tendency to binge (Fernández‐Barrés and
et. al., 2016).
 Lifestyle: Following sedentary lifestyle, it is may be possible that women who is
pregnant may start dealing with higher risk of becoming obese. This is why, it is
much needed for pregnant women to specifically follow a healthy diet in order to
reduce the chances of getting obese because, it is maybe possible that it may
lead her to go through different range of health conditions which may also affect
her child and herself as well.
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 Weight history: This is also said to be effective reason behind increasing the
chances of person to get obese. Including this, weight as a child or adolescent,
individuals are more likely to be obese as an adult (Hill and et. al., 2017).
 Pregnancy: Pregnancy can also be taken as an effective contribution towards
being obese and it has been analysed that many women weigh more after each
pregnancy. Therefore, it is also considered to be the cause of getting caught by
different range of cardiovascular diseases which may negatively impact on a
women in near future.
 Drugs: Including this, it is also considered to be the cause of obesity where
some of the drugs might react. In present context, steroid hormones along with
some of the other drugs which are being utilised to treat psychiatric conditions
and some of the other situations may effectively cause obesity (Peaceman and
et. al., 2018).
Reduction in complications faced by obese women during pregnancy through
educational program
Based on the information given by Carolan-Olah, (2016), women who are
pregnant and are also dealing with overweight conditions holds maternal complications
more than healthy and fit women. In present context, issues can be anything from
preeclampsia, preterm birth, gestational hypertension, and gestational diabetes and so
on. On the other hand, if it is thought in a different way than it has been contradicted by
various researches who has mentioned that obstetric deliverables would require to keep
their focus over spreading awareness in relation to different range of risks that may
impact negatively on health conditions of an overrated women who is pregnant. It has
also been analysed to that, pregnancy have the expansion in level intricacy with respect
to the more noteworthy degree if a woman is overweight so as to have support in
pathogenies of these antagonistic results. As indicated by the perspectives given by
investigators, where it was mentioned that maternal corpulence may influence long haul
posterity results because of epigenetic changes initiated by dangerous presentation to
expanded degrees of glucose, insulin, lipids, and fiery cytokines.
In present context, in order to support or to spread awareness among women
about how obesity can affect their health conditions, pregnancy span and their child as
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well to whom they will be giving birth there are a range of educational programs that has
been built by government of different countries in order to reduce the risks linking to
maternity. Basically, there main support for the contribution has been towards
nourishing directions to pregnant women who are overweight by enrolling with the
assistance of dietitian or conduct wellbeing results to guarantees the setting up of eating
regimen (Brennan and et. al., 2017). Also, it has been analysed that there are a less
number of ways from of supervisorial diet for the pregnant lady who is overweight by
regular proposal of diet which are low glycaemic load diet and a Mediterranean eating
routine. Apparatuses, for example, food journals and pedometers may likewise assist
obese women who are pregnant. Doctors ought to energize a slow increment in
physical action up to an objective of 30 minutes of moderate-force practice every day.
Enhance the health outcomes pregnant women face due to obesity.
As per Garner and et. al., (2017), at the time of pregnancy, hypertension is
considered to be the unmistakably have the relationship with the hazard which is being
related with progressively level of negative results towards health conditions, increasing
risks of cardiovascular problems and so on. Kids have a danger of future corpulence
and coronary illness due to obesity, which is considered to be one of the primary issue
that is required to be undertaken. In present context, women dealing with obesity stays
at the risk of getting diabetic. On the other hand there are some of the crucial elements
like technology, economy and social that has majorly impacted and raised unhealthy
habits of eating fast food which can be considered as the primary reason of increasing
numbers of patients dealing with obesity. Basically all the comforts along with the eating
habits has change the way of living because most of the working women majorly eats
fast food through carrying out a small part of their busy schedule. It is also found that
confront wellbeing entanglements, for example, diabetes, cardio vascular issue,
asthma, wound contamination or they can even face issue during the pregnancy (Kavle
and et. al., 2018).
Away with this, it has also been analysed that more degree of extent of the
helplessness or hypertension is also considered as one of the crucial region of women
has started dealing with obesity. There are estimations outline the nutritionists and
obstetricians is that the problems like miscarriage will be reduced to minim if women
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majorly get in shape through performing different range of exercises and training at the
time when, they get pregnant. Also, it is being measured that pregnant females put on
weight alongside progressively level of issues which can be, for example, toxemia,
rashness, macrosomia, cesarean areas, stillbirths, gestational diabetes, fetal
irregularity. Thus, the educational programmes upheld as pre origination is wellbeing
key which can be a component to diminish their danger of maternal weight by
organizing increasingly level of hazard like activities and critical degree of dietary plans
and procedures.
Reduction in miscarriages in obese women through an educational program.
According to Clifton and et. al., (2016), development of different range of
awareness related educational programs are some of the crucial interventions that may
help both private and governmental agencies to enhance the knowledge of women of
both who are fit and who are already dealing with problems like obesity through
spreading awareness of how negatively obesity can impact on their own health
conditions in near future and of their child as well. Basically education programmes in
present time are impacting positively on mind-set of people, therefore it can easily be
said that developing an effective educational program in relation to how obesity can
affect maternity time and can raise different range of difficulties in relation to pregnancy
of the women who are overweight in nature. Obesity related educational programs
make continuously help pregnant women who are overweight to get the knowledge in
relation to nutritional needs; developing new foods to help achieve caloric balance;
providing nutrition education; conducting behavioural research; and planning,
conducting, and evaluating dietary interventions.
On the other hand, danger of progressively level of premature child birth,
miscarriage and so on are to be found as the 38.1% among women dealing with
obesity, though this rate was 13.3% in patients with BMI (Barker and et. al., 2018). The
females who are over weight and large have the more significant level of hazard for the
conceptive wellbeing which also includes infertility miscarriage rates, conception rates,
along with pregnancy complications that are already increasing continuously among
pregnant women. Therefore considering an effective educational program in relation to
obesity, pregnant women in all over United Kingdom can specifically get the knowledge
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