Pedagogic Principles: Teaching in the Primary Phase Analysis

This report delves into the most effective pedagogic principles for teaching in the primary phase. It begins with an introduction that emphasizes the importance of pedagogy in primary education, highlighting the need for teachers to consider children's rights and obligations. The literature review covers key principles like motivation, exposition, and direction of activity, drawing on various sources to analyze their application in classroom settings. The research design utilizes an exploratory technique with a case study method to examine the effectiveness of these principles, while the research methodology employs both primary and secondary data collection methods. The research findings reveal the challenges teachers face in primary education, particularly in developing students' comprehensive abilities. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and their implications for improving teaching practices. The report also emphasizes on the importance of teachers focusing on student's writing and conceptual capabilities as this will help them to develop more in their career prospects and developing the critical thinking of students.

WHAT DO YOU CONSIDER TO BE THE MOST EFFECTIVE
PEDAGOGIC PRINCIPLES FOR TEACHING IN THE PRIMARY
PHASE?
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Literature Review............................................................................................................................3
Research design...............................................................................................................................6
Research methodology.....................................................................................................................6
Research Findings............................................................................................................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9
References......................................................................................................................................10
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INTRODUCTION
The main aim of pedagogy principle is to spread education so that suitable education can
be provided to the respective concerned people. The present research study has been
emphasizing on importance of pedagogy principle that promotes primary education standards
which makes the teaching procedure more appropriate. Thus, the study is also emphasizing on
several principles of pedagogy which are crucial to consider at the time of teaching the children.
While teaching, it is crucial for the teachers to ensure that rights and obligations of children are
being included in the teaching process (McDonald, Kazemi and Kavanagh, 2013). Several case
studies have been accessed for the present research study for the purpose of reaching towards the
defined aim and objectives.
Description has also been included regarding different research methodologies which
have helped researcher to meet the aim and objective. Further, discussion has also been included
regarding efforts of teachers while dealing with children’s education. The main aim of
developing the present research study is to showcase the educational issues which teachers
usually experience in school context. The value of teaching can only be enhanced at the time
when teachers follow all the principles of pedagogy which makes things effectual and suitable
(Kong and Song, 2013). Apart from this researcher has also emphasized on pedagogy principles
which are most often applied in the teaching procedures.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The basic principles of pedagogy are motivation, exposition, direction of activity,
criticism and inviting imitation. However, these principles may overlap each other; but these
principles usually assist teachers in appropriate manner. According to Laurillard, Charlton and
Whittlestone, (2013), it is analysed that teachers are using ‘direction of activity’ principle
wherein they make children through doing the things. This is the most important principle that is
being considered by the teachers at the time of teaching students (Laurillard, Charlton and
Whittlestone, 2013). However, at the same time, as per the school context, it is also ascertained
that there are various teachers who merely focus on completing the part of teaching through
explaining the things in accurate manner. This does not depict any sort of impact on children’s
education; hence this impedes the value of education.
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Adams (2016), also says that teachers usually consider ‘command and control’ aspects so
as to include every part of the study. This also aims to include disciplinary aspects into account
which helps the students to grow and prosper more. At the same time, it is also ascertained that
learning activity delivery is yet another principle that is being designed for the purpose of
managing teaching activities (Fontana and Setterfield, 2016). This basically focuses on
facilitation in which delivery of education holds different importance. However, it is also been
analysed that in the digital world, delivery can be largely automated in which each and every
prospect of study is managed automatically. Apart from this, it can also be said that teachers use
this principle because in practice, a good instructional process will represent a blending of
several types of activities (Kreijns, Vermeulen and Acker, 2013).
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According to Fontana and Setterfield, (2016) pedagogy principles supports for rendering
superior quality education to children. Teachers teaching in school should make positive efforts
for providing quality education for students. With this, there are five basic principles of
pedagogy and they should be included while teaching in the classroom. Motivation, Exposition,
Direction of activity, Criticism and Inviting limitation are major principles that are included
among the principles of pedagogy. One of the most important principle is motivation and it is
vital that children studying in the schools should be encouraged for grasping new knowledge that
is being provided to them (Littlewood, 2014).
It depends on the personality of the teacher and capability of teacher for developing
healthy relationship with the students. Van Manen, (2016) has mentioned that teachers should
develop interest among students so that they can be directed towards acquiring new knowledge
and experience. Better and positive outcomes from the educational programs could be achieved
and encouraging children will support for enhancing existing experience of children. Moreover,
by motivating children they can be made aware about great possibilities that are available for
them in outside world.
Canagarajah, (2013) has defined that Exposition is second motivational principle that
needs to be considered while teaching children in the classroom. With this, exposition is used for
casting the students in a passive role by making use of this principle key points, facts and
principles can be provided to the students. It is critical that ability for public performance should
be there among teachers and they should also posses good subject knowledge so that they can
deliver effective learning in the classroom (Canagarajah, 2013). With this, direction of activity is
also one of the major principle that can be included while rendering knowledge to pupils.
However, the design of activities that delivers specific objectives and for engaging children so
that required objectives of classroom can be accomplished.
The principle of pedagogy can be applied in many contexts and fields such as for
academic and professional teachings. Thus, in such respect, it can be said that according to the
pedagogy principle, teachers are required to plan the entire curriculum so that suitable education
can be delivered. There must be proper assessment of educational policies and procedures so that
new things can be added to the teaching process. Focus should also be laid on academic writing
so that capability of children can be enhanced.
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Further, in this context it is also crucial for teachers to focus on pass, distinction and
merit criteria so that student's capability and skills can be amended. According to pedagogy
principle, teachers must also focus on demonstrating accurate criteria in all studies as this will
have positive impact on student's capabilities.
Teachers must also focus on increasing the confidence level of students so that they can
get maximum number in their studies. At the same time, pedagogy principle states that teachers
are required to emphasize on student's writing and conceptual capabilities as this will help them
to develop more in their career prospects. Similarly, in this way it can also be said that teachers
are requisite to develop the critical thinking of students so that they can develop more. This is
also essential for the purpose of enhancing student's core competencies.
Teachers managing education services in primary schools usually focus on diverse
criteria so that children can get knowledge appropriately (Kumaravadivelu, 2016). At the same
time, it is also analysed that teaching at primary phase typically requires new insights so that
child management aspects can be managed. Along with the same, it can also be said that teachers
usually experience various challenges and constraints at the time of dealing with children
studying on primary level.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design can be described as a generalised plan that aids the researcher to get
answer about the research question. Thus, according to the present study researcher has been
emphasizing on exploratory technique under which case study method is being utilized in the
research work. This research design does not aim to provide the final and conclusive answers to
the research questions (Koh and Chai, 2014). Thus, accordingly it can be said that researcher has
emphasized on effectiveness of pedagogy principle which helps teachers to strengthen the
teaching process. In the present research study, researcher has made use of case study method in
which several cases are being emphasized that focuses on principles of pedagogy.
Case study method is being used in the research report so that teachers can ensure that
appropriate and accurate information is being given to the students in every respect. Moreover, it
can also be said that researcher has also used the technique of observation so that the
effectiveness of pedagogy principle in teaching can be found out (Van Manen, 2016). There are
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various factors that could affect the study procedure; hence to shed light on all such factors
researcher focused on case study method. The key concept of teaching is also described in
detailed manner along with its usefulness for students and their competency level. Further, with
the help of observation, it is ascertained that pedagogy principles are being applied in teaching
sector so that it can create positive impact on the teaching proceedings (Littlewood, 2014).
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The most important section of the research study is research methodology in which
researcher uses different tools and methods. This is typically done for the purpose of meeting the
defined aim of the study. Therefore, looking towards the data collection aspects researcher has
made use of both primary and secondary sources. This is essential in terms of collecting valid
and accurate data about the study (Cunliffe, 2016). Data has been collected from several primary
school teachers who are engaged in delivering suitable education to the children. Along with the
same, secondary sources are also being used in the research study wherein focus has been laid on
past studies regarding effectiveness of pedagogy principles in managing teaching procedure.
Several journals and articles are also being accessed for the purpose of ascertaining the
validity and credibility of the research procedure (Carter and McCarthy, 2014). However, for the
same aspect researcher has made inclusion and exclusion criteria so that on such basis, data can
be collected easily and appropriately. The studies which are completed after 2010 are being
included in the present research work; however studies made after 2010 are not included in the
research process. Only English language is being used in the research study so that
appropriateness and effectiveness of content can be enhanced. Defining the exclusion criteria, it
can be said that researcher has not included any such article which is not made on the current
topic.
Afterwards, researcher has also used different Qualitative method for the purpose of
describing the findings of the research study in appropriate manner. The method has been
included because that does not require application of statistical methods which are based on
numbers, tables and charts. Similarly, in this context it can also be said that researcher has also
made an implementation plan in which all the activities are properly scheduled (Carter and
McCarthy, 2014). This is also essential to consider so that time scale can be followed to manage
the research proceedings. Apart from this, it is also vital for the researcher to focus on such
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things because that aids in minimizing the errors and at the same time, it leads to bring more
efficiency to the research study. Since, statistical tools are not being used in the research study;
therefore researcher has not applied any such tool.
Apart from this, it can also be said that to specify the findings, proper evaluation is being
carried out so that valid and feasible conclusion can be stated. This is also imperative in terms of
enhancing success facets of the research method (Van Manen, 2016). On the basis of secondary
analysis, researcher has discussed each and every element of the research work. This is also
effective for showcasing the creditability and suitability of the research procedure. Moreover, in
this context it can also be said that use of such methods helped the researcher to develop valid
and feasible conclusion. The study seems to be highly important for further readers as that
focuses on education processes and teaching effectiveness.
RESEARCH FINDINGS
On the basis of research findings, it is identified that teachers usually experience various
issues while delivering primary education to the children. This usually happens because the
comprehensive ability of students are less in initial stages (James and Pollard, 2014). According
to research findings, it can be said that teachers focus chiefly on developing their skills and
abilities so that appropriate knowledge and education can be delivered to the respective children.
Moreover, in this respect it can also be articulated that doing and experimenting things aids the
teachers to enhance the learning and knowledge aspects of the students. At the same time, it is
also vital for teachers to comprehend the knowledge level of children and on that basis only,
teachers must adopt necessary principles so that the level of understanding can be enhanced
(Adams, 2016).
At the same time, it is also analysed that teachers need to comprehend the skills and
abilities so that on such basis value of education can be encouraged. Apart from this, it is also
analysed that teachers can overcome the challenges through adopting numerous methods and this
can also aid in meeting the requirements of teaching procedure (Wette, 2014). This is also
analysed that teachers need to be more capable in terms of understanding diverse aspects of
learning and education. According to school context, teachers are required to focus on primary
education tools so that they can uphold the value of education in successful manner.
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Pedagogy being an art of teaching with five leading principles that greatly assists the
teachers to handle the basics of primary education (Richards and Rodgers, 2014). It is on the
basis of the findings acquired form the above conducted research, teachers at their initial stage of
joining are mostly concerned about their job responsibilities and find it hard to handle the small
kids who are the students of primary classes. Being unable to manage them in an effective
manner, they often lost their control and intends to leave this occupation by undertaking it as a
failure of their own (Kong and Song, 2013).
However, the current research work has greatly assisted in acknowledging the related
principles of pedagogy where it is mainly composed of some elementary principles that largely
supports the teachers to effectively deal with such concerning situation (Danielewicz, 2014). A
foremost principle of motivation is apparent to assist the teachers to conduct instructive sessions
to educate children. In addition to which, a vital presence of this factor will also aid the teachers
to effectively engage the students in the educational session which is specially arranged for them.
Another principle of exposition is evident to reflect as another effective approach by which the
students can be taught in a profitable manner (Laurillard, Charlton and Whittlestone, 2013). This
is basically in context to its less expensive requirements where the students are usually allotted a
passive role to perform.
From the research findings, it has been evaluated that teaching students and specially
children is quite a tough job. There has to be a follow up which needs to be considered by the
teachers or every prospective individual that is making other people learn (Kong and Song,
2013). The pedagogic principles of teaching should be applied in the education so that students
or children are able to learn in a more effective manner (Fontana and Setterfield, 2016). Often it
happens that teacher is quite efficient in handling the students but there is no as such
improvement in the performance. In these situations when principles are integrated with the
teaching attributes then students are more comfortable. The use of teaching ethics and pedagogic
principles helps in better learning and effective delivery of the information that is to be taught to
the students (McDonald, Kazemi and Kavanagh, 2013).
CONCLUSION
Concluding the entire research process, it can be said that it is essential for teachers to
consider pedagogy principles so that every aspect of education can be managed in effectual
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manner. Moreover, in this context it is also identified that there must be suitable teaching
processes for encouraging the value of primary education. At primary phase, children are unable
to comprehend anything; therefore it is essential for the teachers to adopt necessary practice so
that to make the process of study more effectual and comprehensive. Apart from this, it is also
evident that teachers must emphasize majorly on teaching skills and processes which gives a
positive impact on children’s capability and learning skills. However, at initial stage, it is vital
for teachers to ensure that every aspect of teaching is being included for meeting the appropriate
standard of teaching.
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