International Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of Bonnie Chiu's Impact

This case study examines Bonnie Chiu, a Hong Kong-based international entrepreneur, gender equality advocate, and managing director of a social investment consultancy. It explores the definition of international entrepreneurship and applies various motivation theories, including McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory and Allport’s Trait Theory, to understand Chiu's success. The study also considers Sarasvathy's Effectuation Theory, analyzing how Chiu utilizes available resources and responds to unexpected challenges. The theme focuses on the effectiveness of Chiu as an international entrepreneur, highlighting her impact on society, community development, and standard of living, along with key traits such as determination, passion, and sociability. The case study concludes with lessons learned from Chiu's journey, emphasizing dedication and active engagement, referencing various books and journals.

(CW1): Case Study on an
International Entrepreneur

Part A
Introduction
Entrepreneurs are the one who are capable to bring the change in the society and
also applicable to change the world. Entrepreneurs can establish a business through
their creative ideas and formulate various prospective which can useful to improve their
level. Entrepreneurs have ability to boost to rule the whole world with their innovative
idea and mind. Entrepreneurs are focusing on the constant working that's why for the
initial level they improve their performance for domestic level and after that they become
the international entrepreneurs. The main motive of this assessment is to focus on the
international entrepreneur and specific ventures. For this report, Bonnie Chiu is selected
as an international entrepreneur. She is famous entrepreneur which is basically
belonging from the Hong Kong. She is awarded winner and also famous social
entrepreneur apart from this she is also gender equality advocate. She is also a
managing director of the social investment consultancy. Apart from this, Bonnie Chiu
serve as a strategic governance roles and she also recently appointed to become a part
of the LHA London that owns 12 hotels across the London.
Definition of IE
It is a perspective that considers the entrepreneur's impact on the internationalization of
a corporation, as well as the networks the entrepreneur has built with foreign actors. It
generally follows a conventional entrepreneurial approach of looking for opportunities.
The phrase "international entrepreneurship" was used to describe how technical
advancements and cultural understanding enabled new businesses to gain access to
previously untapped foreign markets. It entails creative and inventive cross-border
actions aimed at increasing the value and growth of businesses. As such, it refers to a
company's cross-border innovative activities. The valuation element of innovative
encompasses firms leaving their home nation in search of new opportunities in
unidentified or unexplored markets.

IEs Motivation theories
Achievement Motivation Theory of Entrepreneurship
In 1967, Harvard psychologist David McClelland published The Achieving Society,
which introduced the Achievement Motivation Theory. McClelland wanted to know why
certain communities are now more successful economically than others. David
McClelland sought answers by examining individual entrepreneurial habits, which David
McClelland believed were critical to the growth of all countries.
Entrepreneurs, according to McClelland, think of new and better ways to do things
by making decisions in the face of uncertainty. Entrepreneurs are defined by a desire to
succeed, develop, and grow, which is known as an accomplishment orientation. He was
able to challenge the then-prevailing great man idea of business as well as theological
conceptions of entrepreneurship by focusing on a specific need. David McClelland felt
that entrepreneurship can be learned and that it can be supported in a productive way
(Coad and Storey, 2021).
Need for achievement
According to McClelland, entrepreneurs come up with new and better methods of doing
things by making judgments in the midst of ambiguity. An achievement orientation
defines entrepreneurs as people who want to succeed, develop, and progress. By
focusing on a specific need, he was able to question the then-prevailing great man
model of business as well as theological views of entrepreneurship. Author believes that
entrepreneurship may be taught and promoted in a positive way (Dijkhuizen and et. al.,
2016 ).

Controversy and evidence
The theory's problematic consequence is that low-performing economies can be
strengthened by socialist programs that alter socialisation processes to facilitate the
creation of more persons with success motivations. However, because some cultures
have distinct value structures, this could be viewed as a form of social engineering. In
some cultures, for example, well-being, simplicity, and tradition may be valued more
than innovations that lead to a greater desire for accomplishment.
On the basis of this theory, it is determined that achievement theory need of
achievement is considered as the main factor by which international entrepreneur can
effectively improve their personality (Hemme and et. al., 2017). There are various
factors which affect the personality of the international entrepreneurs in a positive
manner like education, prior experience, families influence and push and pull factors.
Trait theories
Gordon Allport’s Trait Theory
In the year 1936, Gordon Allport development trait theory which affect the personality of
the people. Psychologist Gordon Allport categorised the traits into 3 leves.
 Cardinal traits - According to Allport, Cardinal qualities are uncommon &
dominant & also normally emerge later in life. They have a tendency to define
people to the point where their names become associated with their
personalities.

 Central traits - These core personality foundations are formed by these general
features. While core features aren't as powerful as the cardinal traits, they do
convey the major attributes which people might use to characterize someone
else. The terms "clever,""honest,""shy," and "anxious" are used to describe
essential characteristics.
 Secondary traits - Attitudes & preferences are sometimes linked to secondary
qualities. They frequently only arise in specific settings or under specific
conditions. Anxieties about giving a public speech or frustration while waiting in
the queue are two instances (Jilinskaya-Pandey and Wade, 2019).
In case of bonnie chiu, central traits are considered as the most appropriate trait. There
are various traits are having by her like honest, good decision making, innovative ,
creative , analytical power.
Effectuation theories by SARASVATI
Saras Sarasvathy's theory of Effectuation (2001) proposes a strategy to making
important decisions and doing actions in entrepreneurial processes in which you
examine the resources available in order to attain your goals and continually balance
these objectives with the resources and activities.
In contrast to causal logic, effectuation has a predetermined objective and the method
to attain it is meticulously designed in accordance with a set of available resources.
Sarasvathy claims that inductive logic is unsuitable for entrepreneurship processes,
which are intrinsically fraught with risks and ambiguities (Parente and et. al.,2018).
The four principles of effectuation
The explanation about four principles is as follows -

 Bird-in-Hand - in this principle it is necessary to create the solutions with the
help of available resources.
 Lemonade principle - in this principles from a specific mistakes and also
surprises are effectively invertible which can be utilised to generalising the new
opportunities.
 Crazy Quilt - this principle demonstrate the effective understanding related with
entering into the new partnership and provide the new direction of the project
with the new fund.
 Affordable loss - this principle determined that people should invest as for their
willing to lose situation (Petrovskaya and Mirakyan, 2018).
Lessons from the international entrepreneur
As per to identify the effectiveness of the international entrepreneur Bonnie Chiu, she is
became the source of motivation and inspire lots of people all around the world. She is
a multi-award winner and well-known social entrepreneur, as well as a proponent of
gender equality. The main lesson learnt from this Bonnie Chiu is to stay active and work
with dedication.
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Part B
Theme - “Effectiveness of International entrepreneur Bonnie Chiu".
In this report the theme is selected as “Effectiveness of International entrepreneur
Bonnie Chiu". The effectiveness of International entrepreneur is more. International
entrepreneurs are job creator who leads to the creation of jobs. It provides an entry-
level position, which is necessary for unskilled people to get experience and training. It
is the epicenter of innovation, providing new business ventures, markets, technology,
and product quality, among other things, to raise people's living standards.
Features of the theme
The main prospective of the international entrepreneur is to focus on the "
Effectiveness of International entrepreneur Bonnie Chiu" and also focus on the Gender
and (international) entrepreneurship.There are various factors are involved which
demonstrate the specific understanding about the effectiveness of the international
entrepreneur without any gender discrimination (Rauch, 2020).
 Impact on Society & Community Development - When a society's
employment base is big and diverse, it becomes more powerful. It affects societal
changes and encourages amenities such as more educational spending,
improved sanitation, less homelessness, and a higher rate of homeownership. As
a result, entrepreneurship aids the organization in achieving a more secure and
elevated communities.
 Increase Standard of Living - By raising one's income, entrepreneurship helps
to improve one's standard of living. The term "standard of living" refers to the
increase in a household's consumption of various products and services over a
given time period (Santamaria-Alvarez and et. al.,, 2019).

 Supports research & development - Before introducing a new product or
service on the market, it must be thoroughly researched & evaluated. As a
result, an active participation in projects with research organizations &
universities to provide funding for research & development. This encourages
economic development, innovation & general construction.
 Determination - This is factor is providing the positive impact on the personality
of the international entrepreneur. Determination of the ability to continue
functioning on our tasks even though the working environment and
circumstances are inconvenient.
 Passion - It is vital to have genuine enthusiasm for efforts, ideas, desires, and
objectives.
 Flexibility - This factor mainly concerned about the effectiveness of the
entrepreneurs and also know how to respond to and adapt to business,
customer, and ecological factors. To be capable of coming up with fresh ideas,
you need talent, motivation & originality.
 Sociability - the factor influence the personality of the international
entrepreneurs because it contain specific ability to demonstrate the
communication because entrepreneurs need to meet different types of people
and create new network. It is necessary for the entrepreneurs to maintain their
social status so that they can work properly. Networking is essential as most
effective aspects which improve the connections and context of the entrepreneur.
 Education - this factor affect the effectiveness of the entrepreneur is because
entrepreneurs education level determine their knowledge and skills to what their
applicability. Both types of entrepreneurs whether they are male or female are
more focused about their knowledge and effectiveness. Entrepreneurs are
responsible to arrange specific training sessions for their staff members so that
they can enhance their particular knowledge among their staff.
 Work team - teamwork is also containing as the effective factors which improve
the development of the organization. All the entrepreneurs are concerned about

their team and also motivate their employees in order to gain the most effective
outcome.
References
Books and Journals
Coad, A. and Storey, D.J., 2021.Taking the entrepreneur out of
entrepreneurship. International Journal of Management Reviews.
Dijkhuizen, J., Gorgievski, M., van Veldhoven, M. and Schalk, R., 2016. Feeling
successful as an entrepreneur: a job demands—resources
approach. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 12(2),
pp.555-573.
Hemme, F., Morais, D.G., Bowers, M.T. and Todd, J.S., 2017. Extending sport-based
entrepreneurship theory through phenomenological inquiry. Sport
management review, 20(1), pp.92-104
Jilinskaya-Pandey, M. and Wade, J., 2019. Social entrepreneur quotient: an
international perspective on social entrepreneur personalities. Journal of
Social Entrepreneurship, 10(3), pp.265-287.
Parente, R., ElTarabishy, A., Vesci, M. and Botti, A., 2018. The epistemology of
humane entrepreneurship: Theory and proposal for future research
agenda. Journal of Small Business Management, 56, pp.30-52.
Petrovskaya, I. and Mirakyan, A., 2018. A mission of service: social entrepreneur as a
servant leader. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.
Rauch, A., 2020. Opportunities and threats in reviewing entrepreneurship theory and
practice.
Santamaria-Alvarez, S.M., Sarmiento-González, M.A. and Arango-Vieira, L.C., 2019.
Transnational migrant entrepreneur characteristics and the transnational

business nexus: The Colombian case. International Journal of Entrepreneurial
Behavior & Research.