Applied Research Project: Delhi Air Pollution and Human Health Impacts

This report comprehensively analyzes the effects of air pollution in Delhi, focusing on the impact of pollutants from transportation and industry on human health and the environment. The study highlights key air pollutants like particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide, and their contribution to acute and chronic illnesses. It explores the role of urbanization and the exacerbation of respiratory conditions like asthma. The report also examines various government and organizational initiatives aimed at controlling air pollution levels. The methodology involves a review of published literature, including journal articles, to assess pollution levels, health impacts, and risk factors. The report includes a SWOT analysis and tables summarizing the findings of key authors. It concludes with recommendations for disease prevention and mitigation strategies, offering insights into the current state of air quality and future directions for improvement in Delhi. The study underscores the urgency of addressing air pollution to safeguard public health and the environment.

RUNNING HEAD: EFECTS OF POLLUTION IN DELHI
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Effects of polluted air on human health and
environment through contamination from
transportation and industry in Delhi
Student Details:

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Abstract
There is increased growing evidence in Delhi Air pollution to acute and chronic illnesses
amongst all age groups. Basically, there are three main elements in named as particulate matter,
nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide in Delhi. Furthermore, urbanization is an important factor for
impact on human health. Air pollutants causes exacerbations of prevailing asthma which is
maintained by an evidence which is been accumulating from several decades. Health effects
related with air pollution varies from slight irritation in eyes to chronic respiratory diseases to
lung cancer and death. Furthermore, the government and organizations have introduced various
programs which are showing progress in the air pollution content of Delhi. Additionally,
population of Delhi has also taken numerous phases to safeguard themselves from the hazardous
concentrations. This report is solely based in the possessions of air pollution on environment and
health of population.

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Contents
List of Figures..................................................................................................................................5
Introduction......................................................................................................................................6
Study area....................................................................................................................................6
Major Air Pollutants....................................................................................................................7
Rationale to the topic.......................................................................................................................8
Background......................................................................................................................................8
Significance.....................................................................................................................................9
Research Question...........................................................................................................................9
Aim................................................................................................................................................10
Objectives......................................................................................................................................10
Methodology..................................................................................................................................10
Results and Discussion..................................................................................................................15
Prevention of diseases triggered through Pollution of air in Delhi...............................................16
Throwing light on Air purifiers.................................................................................................17
Outcomes of the study...............................................................................................................17
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................20
Bibliography..................................................................................................................................21

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List of Figures
Figure 1: Continuous air quality monitoring in Delhi.....................................................................7
Figure 2: Download of Air Pollutants...........................................................................................13
Figure 3: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations in Delhi.......................................................14

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Introduction
In urban area like Delhi, various health problems are linked to Air Pollution. However,
Air pollution position of Delhi has experienced through various variations in order to maintain
the level of pollution and the procedures taken for controlling the Pollution of air In Delhi,
industrialized activities as well as vehicular productions were established to be related with
indoor and outdoor air effluence. Furthermore, studies also exposed that transience and
indisposition rates were increased due to Air Pollution in Delhi. Air pollution is a biggest global
fitness difficulty owing to mechanisation, increase in pollution and urbanization. The air is
polluted by several substances; the pollutants are mixed with the air and cooperate with the
atmosphere and forms dangerous complexes like sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and other
substances. Air Pollution affects the mankind as well as the atmosphere as well. In Human
beings, it can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular disorders like cancer. This report highlights
the main air pollutants of Delhi, possessions of air pollutants on human fitness and atmosphere
and approaches to decrease their releases to environment and human beings.
Study area
Delhi is the National Capital Region i.e. NCR of India which is altogether organized by
both the union as well as the state government. Delhi, with a part of 1483 km, is geologically
situated in Northern India within the “latitude 28°24’17” and 28°53’00’’N, and longitude
77°45’30’’ and 77°21’30’’E”. Delhi’s population is nearly 29.596 million as per 2019 census.
Delhi is metropolitan city and metros around the world are chief brunt of environmental
pollution. As per survey by WHO in 1991-1994, found that influence of particulate matter on
overall non-trauma demises in Delhi was fewer than possessions established in USA. However,

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also bring into being that demise related with Air pollution in Delhi instigated more lifetime
years to be misplaced since these demises occurred at an earlier age (SA Rizwan, 2013).
Currently, in Delhi, eight-hourly maximum level of carbon monoxide is “6,000 microgram per
cubic metre which is exceeding the safe level of 2,000 microgram per cubic metre”.
Furthermore, levels of Nitrogen dioxide have likewise increased (Kohli, Gupta, Banerjee, &
Ingle, 2017).
Major Air Pollutants
Critical air pollutants in Delhi are PM (Particulate matter) one bin with all PM below
10μm (PM 10), Nitrogen oxides like NO (nitrogen oxide) and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), sulfur
dioxide, carbon monoxide and ozone. Furthermore, greenhouse gases such as CO2 (Carbon
dioxide) also have an impact on health but decisively associated with climate change (Kumari &
Lhungdim, 2017).

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Figure 1: Continuous air quality monitoring in Delhi
Image Source: (Urbanemissions, 2019)
Rationale to the topic
Delhi provides a regular laboratory to understand the influence of air pollution on human
health. Delhi also provides a chance for the development of prevention measures for the
management, regulation of air pollution related disorders (Nuvolone, Petri, & Voller, 2018). In
this report, the complete picture of polluting the air within Delhi is created by taking help of the
journal articles, by considering the quality and quantity of pollutant exposure the environment,
the configuration of respiration dust, the outcome of burden of sickness and the fraction of risk

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which attributes to air pollution. In this study, extensively analyzed the literature associated with
risk measures as quantified and assessed for various air pollutants (A Kumar, Forecasting of air
quality in Delhi using principal component regression technique, 2011).
Background
Air pollution is the major important atmospheric entity which puts human health on risk.
WHO report recommends that Delhi us the second polluted city in the globe upon the foundation
of air pollution monitored data of 2011-2015 (A Kumar, Forecasting of daily air quality index in
Delhi, 2011). It is very clearly been assessed that 3000 metric tons of air contaminants are
released with a chief contribution vehicles which is followed coal based thermal plants.
Therefore, the PM10 standard is used in Delhi for measurement of air quality. Furthermore, the
small pollutants in environment are possibly responsible for health effects as they are able to
reach the respiratory tract lower regions (P Mandal, 2012). As per the quality of air and the
standards provided to them by the WHO. World Health Organization, the yearly attentiveness
suggested for PM10 is 20 eg/m3 that is further more than the risk of cardiopulmonary health
issues. Main concerns related to human health are related to exposure of PM10 comprises of
respiratory and breathing effects on human system, damage to tissues of lung, cancer and
premature demise (Adams, Greenbaum, & Shaikh, 2015). Elder people, children’s and persons
with severe lung disorder, asthma or influenza are specifically sensitive towards the effect of
these particulate incidences. Hence, activities related to industries and emissions of vehicles are
connected with outdoor as well as indoor air contamination in Delhi. Numerous studies are
examined to determine the effects of air pollution specifically with associated morbidity rate.
Researches show Delhi has 1.7 times high occurrence of respiratory indications and the odd ratio

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of upper respiratory indication in 2008 was 1.59 and low respiratory symptoms like wheeze, dry
cough, chest pain was 1.6 (Afzal & Chelme-Ayala, 2015). However, occurrence of current
problems of asthma amongst the patients in Delhi was comparatively in panels. Furthermore,
dysplasia and metaplasia of airway cells of epithelial layer are more recurrent in Delhi and it
shows great occurrence of the numerous cytological alterations in the sputum. Studies have also
reflected the various compounding consequence of the atmospheric situations upon the pollution
of air observed that winter deteriorates the quality of air found indoor as well as outdoor.
Researchers also created an optimistic association among the chilling weather as it increases the
count of patients suffering with severe uncooperative airway disabilities into infirmaries.
Increasing evidence shows that air pollution is increasing daily demises and admission in
hospitals in Delhi (AS Nagpure B. G., 2016).
Significance
Chhabra et al in 2004 examined the respiratory health of population living around the air
monitoring stations of Delhi and they did not get any common relationship amongst the quality
of air in nearby sites polluting and monitoring the air as well as the functions of lung (AS
Nagpure K. S., 2013). Therefore, in this context, Frankenberg in 2005 formed the usage of
separate statistics and had also employed difference in the health over time of controlling the
fixed distinct level differentiation between individuals. There are numerous studies conducted on
the occurrence of asthma between the adult populations of Delhi (Brunekreef, Harrison, &
Künzli, 2015). Furthermore, COPD is well-researched disorder in terms of air pollution.
Therefore, in this regards, global burden of disorders assessment studies show 0.965 million
premature demies and the loss of ability accustomed life of years and this is due to outdoor PM

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and ozone contamination in 2010. Therefore, this report addresses all the measures which are
adopted by Government and population of Delhi for improving the pollution of air in recent ten
years (Duan, Indrawirawan, Sun, & Wang, 2015).
Research Question
What is the greatness of the difficulty in terms of load of diseases for which air pollution
is a noteworthy risk issue?
Aim
The present work objects for tending to the above-investigated holes in the introduced writing,
and assessment of by and large wellbeing impacts of arrangement air quality guidelines which
have differentially influenced air nature of Delhi related to its distant territories of Delhi.
Objectives
 To examine air pollution related to respiratory indications among the population of Delhi.
 To examine the degree of health issues impairment in the population of Delhi who are
chronically exposed in Delhi air.
 To explore the adverse health effects on human and environment by the air pollution in
Delhi.
 To examine analyze peer review journal articles which have presented an analysis on air
pollution of Delhi.
 To formulate actions to prevent diseases through the exposure of air pollution in Delhi (P
Sharma, 2013).