Sustainable Tourism Development in Egypt: A Comprehensive Analysis

Desklib provides past papers and solved assignments for students. This report analyzes sustainable tourism development in Egypt.

Running head: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable Tourism Development
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author’s Note:

1SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Table of Contents
Task One:.........................................................................................................................................2
Task 2:.............................................................................................................................................6
Task 3:...........................................................................................................................................10
Task 4:...........................................................................................................................................14
Task 5:...........................................................................................................................................18
Bibliography..................................................................................................................................22

2SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Task One:
The industry of tourism has been able to establish itself as one of the most significant economic
and sociological phenomenon in the recent times. The immodesty has a massive role in creation
of structural elements that forms a part of the dynamics that run the economy globally. The
primary reason for the same is its establishment as one of the most important sectors in the world
today. Within Egypt, the companies operating in this industry are engaged in competition with
global players and at the same time they are needed to be dynamic in nature. the dynamism
within the operational structure of the domestic companies of Egypt is required for the purpose
of better adopting to the situation that is prevailing in the local market and conducting the
business in the most effective and efficient manner (Edgell 2016). In this competitive world
some significant factors that can determine the success and failure of the entire industry include
proper planning in respect of the formation of the strategy that is going to be adopted for the
purpose of promoting the industry and at the same time ensuring building strong, effective and
efficient public private partnerships.
Proper planning can bridge the gap between the expectations of the potential tourists of a country
and the actual experience that is given out by the country (Mihalic 2016). There are several
advantages that all the stakeholders of the Egyptian subcontinent can gain from proper planning
related to tourism. Some of the advantages associated with proper planning are as follows:
i) It helps in the management of the huge crowd after a place is designated as a tourist
attraction.
ii) It helps in the process of designing the destination as a place that will attract more
tourists with the passage of time.

3SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
iii) It helps in the steady implementation of the laws and regulations with the help of
early estimations made by the government with proper planning corresponding to the
implementation of the rules, regulations and the various laws rolled out by it in
respect of the conduct that is expected from the tourists.
Public/private sector partnerships generally means establishment of cooperative alliance between
the public and the privates sectors. The effort is made to inculcate the participation of the private
sector in various areas of intervention that were previously only privy to the government of the
country (Boley et al. 2017). There are several advantages and disadvantages related to such kind
of public private partnerships. They are as follows:
Advantages:
i) Reduction of the cost that is involved:
A lot of cost of the Egyptian government will be saved especially in case of the
capital projects that are to be undertaken. In addition to that the cost involved in
maintaining the services will also reduce.
ii) Sharing of the risks that is involved:
The Egyptian government may counter a lot of risks like the risks related to the
failure to meet the delivery date in respect of delivery of a particular service, various
difficulties involved in adhering to environmental regulations with the help of
expertise for the private players (Weaver et al. 2016).
iii) Improving the level of service that is being provided or maintaining the present levels
of service:
The PPPs can help in the introduction of innovative measures in the delivery if the
service that is being provided to the organisation and in its performance.

4SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
iv) Improvement in the earnings:
It might be possible for the PPPs to set the rate for the users that are perfectly capable
of reflecting and recovering the exact costs required for the purpose of providing a
specific service. The partnerships lead to the introduction of several new innovative
income sources (Din 2018).
v) Making the implementation more efficient:
There are several ways in which the various implementations of the policies can be
eased up by the partnership. These measures include making acquisitions and hiring
more efficient, ensuring that the process of approval for capital funding be made more
fast and efficient.
Disadvantages:
i) The control of the government can be lost:
If the investment made by the private players is significant and risk taken by them is
also high it will come with greater involvement in decision making by the private
players.
ii) There are risks associated with respect to the politics involved and issues related to
labour:
As the experience of the Egyptian government in forming PPPs is limited it might
lead to several political risks in the near future.
iii) There might be lack of adequate players in the market:
The number of private players in the market with the adequate ability to execute the
venture of PPPs is very limited. Due to this the government may not be able to garner

5SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
the benefits of innovation, lowered costs and increased amount of efficiency
(Budeanu et al. 2016).
iv) Possibility of imbalance in the selection process:
It is very much possible that the Egyptian government faces issues in case of
conventional forms in which the service is being provided. This might also lead to the
risk of the government being accused of partiality.

6SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Task 2:
Approaches to development of tourism
Features of development of tourism planning at different levels:
Some of the significant features involved in the development of tourism planning at different
levels are as follows:
i) International:
One of the most important bodies that are concerned with the overall development of
the various economies by promoting various policies is OECD (Organisation for
Economic co-operation and Development). The main mission of these organizations
is promotion of several policies that help in the economic and social well-being of the
people residing around the globe and in the developing destinations (Ruhanen et al.
2015). One of the significant jobs of these institutions is to ensure that work is done
in cooperation with the various government and give due focus in understanding the
drivers of the economic, social and environmental changes that significantly impact
the destination and various tourism attractions.
ii) Regional:
The main characteristic of the regional entities is that these are more specific and give
intense focus on details that pertain to the local communities. The plan associated
with the regional areas is primarily concerned with the development of the strategic
plan that is related to the cities and some of the most specific destinations within the
country.

7SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
iii) Sub regional:
It is also of high importance that the various entities operating at sub-regional level
closely work with the regional and national level of the organizations. For the purpose
of promoting and protecting the various tourist destinations and attractions present in
the region, the sub regional strategic plan relies often relies upon the various
international bodies. some of the most significant factors that must be present within
the sub regional levels include water supply, sanitation, the amount of
accommodation that is being provided, the variety of services that is being offered,
various facilities and accessibilities and various other attractions that can be natural,
cultural or manmade etc. the various natural and cultural attractions that are present in
the country become a part of the UNESCO and even the WTO. On the other hand the
man made attractions of the country often receive greater support from the
government and various national organizations ((Farmaki et al. 2015).
These different levels though operate independently but are all connected with each other. The
reason for the same is that for the purpose of achieving a sustainable plan and developing a
confidence in the destination this is required.
Significance of interactive planning systems and processes in the development of the tourism
industry in Egypt:
The role of interactive planning system in the development of tourism is immense. The same was
reiterated by Murphy in the year 1985 that planning can be integrated planning can be referred to
as the regulation of various changes present in the system for the purpose of ensuring the
development is being achieved as per the intentions of authority and the social, environmental

8SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
and the various economic benefits corresponding to the process of development is increased
(Farmaki et al. 2015).
The term planning can also be considered or leads to scientific predictions in the future. The
reason for the same is that the various stakeholders who are involved in the development of
tourism will be able to benefit from the local areas which are situated nearby socially,
economically and also environmentally. Not only does proper planning ensures that several
benefits accrue to the various stakeholders present within the country but at the same time makes
the concerned authorities about the various risks (Muresan et al. 2016). There are various
opportunities and the threats that they might have to face in the near future while in the process
of developing the required infrastructure.
Different measures available for the purpose measuring the impact of the tourism within Egypt:
Economic measures:
The main determinant of the development of the tourism industry can be associated with the
prosperity of the industry in economic terms. Hence, one of the foremost methods used to
determine the impact of tourism in a particular sector is to determine the net increase in the net
income of the people located in the nearby region ((Miller et al. 2015).
Environmental measures:
These measures help in the measurement of the actual environmental costs that is being incurred
by many countries. The methods and procedures related to the same have been included in the
legislation of many countries. The primary objective of these measures is to predict the various
consequences related to the environmental activities that are proposed by the government to be
undertaken.

9SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Social measures:
The impact of the tourism on the population of Egypt will be the most difficult one to measure
and count. The primary reason for the same is that they are extremely personal and qualitative in
nature. However, there are methods to collect and measure the same. One of the options
available with the government of Egypt is to ensure that primary data is being collected by the
means of several surveys that can be done by the way of interviews and questionnaire (Muresan
et al. 2016). The second option that is available with the government is to conduct important
analysis of the secondary information that is received by it from the various records that are kept
in the form of government records, public documents, newspapers and various sorts of
documentaries (Mowforth and Munt 2015). Some of the other indicators or methods that can be
utilised for this purpose include Travel Intensity Index.

10SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Task 3:
The concept of sustainable tourism is the concept wherein an effort is being made by to ensure
that the impact of the tourism on the environment and the culture of the local are minimal. While
in this pursuit an effort is also made to ensure that employment is generated for the local people
of the country (Bramwell 2015). The main focus of the entire scheme is that the impact of
increased tourism leads to a positive experience for the local people, the various companies
operating in the tourism sector and the tourists themselves who are visiting Egypt.
There are several factors that support the introduction of sustainable tourism within the country
of Egypt. Some of the most significant factors in support of sustainable tourism are as follows:
a) Ensuring the sustainability of environment:
It is very important of Egypt to protect its environment. One of the key features of
sustainable tourism is that it vehemently supports the protection and preservation of the
local environment. Hence, the introduction of sustainable tourism within the country will
enhance this goal and objective of the government.
b) Sustainability of economy of the country:
One of the most significant factors that ensure the sustainability of any industry is the
money that is derived from it. The greater the money generated from the industry greater
will be its chances of survival in the long run. The main important factor that is
contributed by the sustainable tourism is that it keeps the money generated from the
industry local. The primary reason for the same is that a venture that is carrying out its
operations internationally like a hotel or company will not be very interested in
improving the local economy (Bramwell 2015).

11SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
c) Sustainability of the socio-cultural scenario of the country:
Egypt has its own unique culture and social arrangement. Whenever many tourists start to
visits a country it is very evident that there will be several impacts on the social and
cultural structure of the host country. It was noticed by the Egyptian government that the
local population of the country may face issues such as overcrowding and congestion and
in addition to that new languages may come into the country along with the new values.
In addition to this some of the new areas of the country may experience a spike in crime
rates (Coccossis 2017).
Hence it was necessary for the Egyptian government to introduce sustainable tourism.
The reason for the same the concept focuses on minimizing the negative impact of the
increased number of tourists and focusing more on the positive impacts of the same. The
positive impacts of the same include promotion of exchange of cultures of the two
countries and the preservation of the culture of the local people. This was achieved by the
Egyptian government by increasing the involvement of the local people within the
tourism industry (Hall 2016). In addition to that efforts have also been made by the
government of the country to encourage the sharing of carious local customs and
introducing policies that help the local residents to enter into the industry with ease.
There are several barriers or hindrances in the way of successful implementation of the concept
of sustainable tourism. They are as follows:
i) The increase in the concept of exclusiveness in the industry of tourism:
In case of Egypt it has been observed that in the name of development of tourism in
the country only hotels are being developed by various players in the market. This