CIS 555 Health Informatics: EHR Adoption, AI in US Healthcare Analysis

This assignment examines the adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHR) in the United States and the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare, referencing the CIS 555 Health Informatics course. It addresses the current adoption rates of EHRs, the factors contributing to the failure of early AI-based diagnostic systems, and the optimism surrounding the widespread use of clinical computing. The assignment refers to Berner et al. (2005) to discuss the evolution of EHR adoption, highlighting the initial barriers such as technological immaturity and physician resistance, and the subsequent advancements due to government policies and increased computer literacy. The paper emphasizes the positive impact of EHRs on healthcare quality, citing improved data availability for risk analysis and research purposes.

Running Head: ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD
ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS IN UNITED STATES
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

1ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD
a) The use of information technology is being prevalent in the field of healthcare to
increase the accuracy, patient satisfaction and to reduce the mismanagement of data.
Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a systematic collection of health information of
patients and specific populations in an electronic and digital format. The adoption rate
of basic EHR in 2013 to 2014, elevated from 33.4% to 41.1% and comprehensive
EHR adoption rates changed from 25.5% to 34.1% in the same year [1].
b) The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), is used in healthcare and it is a formation of
complex algorithms and software to form human cognition, which is in the
complicated medical data through analysis. It helps in coming to a conclusion without
human input and only with the use of computer algorithms. The factors, which
contributed to the failure of first generation AI was during the 1970 when the
capabilities of the programs were limited and the founders of these programs were
sensing fundamental restrictions such as limited computer power, Moravec’s paradox
depicted the little progress made in the field of vision and robotic, and lack of
common sense and reasoning.
c) Berner et al. (2005), [2] briefs about the adoption of electronic medical records in the
United States of America and from the article it is prevalent that the use of EHR has
been positive for the development of medical sectors in the country. The wave of
electronically inserted data and information technology is widespread in the
healthcare sector after the examination of the era between 1960s to the 1980s and post
1980s till the present time. During the early times the obstruction of technological
immaturity, financial constraints by the health administrators, unapproachable attitude
of people and physician resisting treatment. However, the obstructions did not affect

2ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD
the growth of technology in the later years through the help of government policies,
clinician’s economy, computer literacy and awareness amongst the general
population. The Institute of Medicine after compiling the report of last 15 years in the
medical sector, expressed that the electronic medical record has improved the
condition of the medical field in the country. Due to its positive reviews and feedback
it gained popularity and so medical professionals came up with EHR, and other such
technology known as computer based physician, provider or order entry (CPOE), and
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS). This makes the concerned staff in the
healthcare sectors more aware of the technological aids and the patients will be more
adaptive to new changes, and used to the technological alterations in the healthcare
fields for appointments and medical prescriptions. Great optimism is shown by the
experts for the use of EMR in the next 10 years because the change in trends is
common in the medical sector from the past few years with an improvement in the
health care communication. EHR is proving to be an aid, which is improving the
quality of care in patients because it has several data such as demographics,
immunization status, medication and allergies, medical history, vital signs, radiology
images, personal data such as the age, weight and billing information. The data can be
used to analyze risky situations and prediction about hospital admissions of high
risked patients, which is a beneficial component for a medical field. These data are
also used for examining a patient’s condition or using it for other research purposes
that is required for various fields in medical study [4].

3ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD
References
[1]S. Babbott et al., "Electronic medical records and physician stress in primary care: results
from the MEMO Study", Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, vol. 21, no.
1, pp. e100-e106, 2014. Available: 10.1136/amiajnl-2013-001875 [Accessed 27 January 2020].
[2]E. Berner, "Will the Wave Finally Break? A Brief View of the Adoption of Electronic
Medical Records in the United States", Journal of the American Medical Informatics
Association, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 3-7, 2005. Available: 10.1197/jamia.m1664 [Accessed 27 January
2020].
[3]M. Zahabi, D. Kaber and M. Swangnetr, "Usability and Safety in Electronic Medical Records
Interface Design", Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society,
vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 805-834, 2015. Available: 10.1177/0018720815576827 [Accessed 27 January
2020].
[4]E. Ford, J. Carroll, H. Smith, D. Scott and J. Cassell, "Extracting information from the text of
electronic medical records to improve case detection: a systematic review", Journal of the
American Medical Informatics Association, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1007-1015, 2016. Available:
10.1093/jamia/ocv180 [Accessed 27 January 2020].