CIS 555 Health Informatics: EHR Adoption, AI, and EMR Analysis

This assignment explores the adoption rates of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in the United States, referencing statistics from 2015 and 2017 to illustrate the increasing trend. It then delves into the failures of first-generation Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in healthcare, identifying factors such as data interchange protocol issues, high installation costs, and outdated technology as contributing to their limited use. The assignment also discusses the current state of EHR adoption worldwide, highlighting the increasing use of patient portals for accessing health information and the high percentage of hospitals utilizing EHR data. The solution provides multiple citations from peer-reviewed journals to support the findings and analysis, covering topics such as adoption rates, barriers to EHR adoption, and the evolution of health informatics.

Running head: MEDICAL
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Name of the Students
Name of the University
Author Note

1MEDICAL
Answer 1
The US physicians records have stated that there are more than one million doctors of
medicines throughout the United States. Electronic health record (EHR) has been observed as
the digital version of the patient data in a paper chart. EHRs has been defined as the real-time
patient records which make information available securely and instantly to the authorized
users. According to the reports obtained from the office of National Coordinator for Health
Information Technology, hospital EHR has been found to have arisen to 96% in the year
2015 [1]. Basic adoption in EHR was found to have risen to 86% in the year 2015. According
to the nationwide reports, 97% of the hospitals have been found to use EHR according to the
data obtained from 2017 as compared to 87% in the year 2015 [2].
Answer 2
The first and the golden generation of AI in healthcare was the period of 1960 to 1980
in which most of the diagnostic systems were first developed. However, it has been observed
that only a few of these systems are still being used in today's medical field. Thus, it can be
stated that there are various factors which must have contributed to the failure of the use of
first-generation AI in the medical field. A need for data interchange protocol associated with
health care responsible for the creation of HL7 became necessary with the introduction of
networking in the 1980s [3]. This became a controversial factor which has still been found to
continue to today. The cost of installation continued to rise with the decrease in pressure and
became one of the major factors for the failure of AI in healthcare. First-generation AI has
been found to be a failure because their technologies were also old and slower than today.
Thus, it can be stated that these are the overall factors responsible for the failure of first-
generation AI.

2MEDICAL
Answer 3
This section will discuss the current adoption of EHR on a worldwide basis.
According to the annual reports on the adoption of health IT, most of the Americans have
been observed to receive health care services having electronically recorded data. Electronic
health record (EHR) has been observed as the digital version of the patient data in a paper
chart. The patient has been found to access their information of health via the patient portals,
which in turn maintains the privacy of the collected data. Ninety-seven per cent of all the
hospitals have been found to use EHR data in 2017 as compared to a previous percentage of
87 in the year 2015 [4]. Data records about EHR adoption have been carried out until March
2017 in which 67% of the providers have been reported to use EHR with a 1% increase in the
value per year [5].

3MEDICAL
References
[1]. Adelman, J.S., Berger, M.A., Rai, A., Galanter, W.L., Lambert, B.L., Schiff, G.D.,
Vawdrey, D.K., Green, R.A., Salmasian, H., Koppel, R. and Schechter, C.B., 2017. A
national survey assessing the number of records allowed open in electronic health records at
hospitals and ambulatory sites. Journal of the American Medical Informatics
Association, 24(5), pp.992-995.
[2]. Adler-Milstein, J., Holmgren, A.J., Kralovec, P., Worzala, C., Searcy, T. and Patel, V.,
2017. Electronic health record adoption in US hospitals: the emergence of a digital “advanced
use” divide. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 24(6), pp.1142-1148.
[3]. Kruse, C.S., Kristof, C., Jones, B., Mitchell, E. and Martinez, A., 2016. Barriers to
electronic health record adoption: a systematic literature review. Journal of medical
systems, 40(12), p.252.
[4]. Jamoom, E., Yang, N. and Hing, E., 2016. Adoption of certified electronic health record
systems and electronic information sharing in physician offices: United States, 2013 and
2014. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.
[5]. Kruse, C.S., Kothman, K., Anerobi, K. and Abanaka, L., 2016. Adoption factors of the
electronic health record: a systematic review. JMIR medical informatics, 4(2), p.e19.