Analysis of Electric Vehicle Failures in the Indian Market

This research report delves into the reasons behind the failure of electric vehicles in the Indian market. The study begins with an introduction outlining the research background, rationale, aims, and objectives, followed by a theoretical background and conceptual framework. A comprehensive literature review explores the significance of electric automobiles, the evolution of hybrid vehicles in India, and factors contributing to the failure of EVs, alongside recommendations for promoting their adoption. The research employs a detailed methodology, including data collection and analysis, culminating in an interpretation of findings. The report concludes with a summary of findings, recommendations for improving the EV market in India, and a reflection on the research process. Key issues addressed include inadequate infrastructure, consumer behavior, and policy gaps that hinder EV adoption in India. The report emphasizes the need for improved charging infrastructure, consumer education, and supportive government policies to foster the growth of the electric vehicle market.

Research Project

Table of Contents
TITLE:.............................................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
Research Background..................................................................................................................1
Overview of topic........................................................................................................................1
Rationale of research...................................................................................................................2
Research Aim..............................................................................................................................3
Research Objectives....................................................................................................................3
Research Questions.....................................................................................................................3
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH FOCUS...................................................3
Conceptual Framework...............................................................................................................5
JUSTIFICATION AND CONTEXTUALISATION.......................................................................5
How will building existing body of knowledge..........................................................................5
Importance for implement electrical vehicle...............................................................................6
Importance of present research...................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................8
Significance of electric auto-mobiles..........................................................................................8
Evolution of hybrid vehicles in India..........................................................................................9
Factors responsible for failure of electric vehicles in India........................................................9
Effective recommendations to promote electrical vehicle in the country.................................10
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................12
Ethics.........................................................................................................................................17
Reliability and validity..............................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION....................................................18
Data Analysis............................................................................................................................18
Data interpretation.....................................................................................................................19
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS, REFLECTION.................................28
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................28
Recommendations.....................................................................................................................28
Reflection..................................................................................................................................29

REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................30

TITLE:
“Failures of electric vehicles in India.”
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
India in one of the top ten automotive market presently in the world and due to increasing
buying potential and steady economic growth of the middle class population is enhancing the
sales of automotive industry. But there are various reasons of failures of electric vehicles in
India. In order to identify these factors or reasons, researcher will identify various aspects of
electric vehicles and their failure in India. India is clearly lagging behind in terms of setting up
basic infrastructure (Bertness, 2018). The electric car owners can not charge until they go back to
their home because of improper infrastructure in India. The researcher will use various research
methodologies, primary and secondary sources of data in order to collect relevant data and
information related to the subject or topic of this study. This Research will also include a brief
literature related to the failure of electric vehicles in India which will help to identify the reasons
why electric auto-mobiles failed to achieve success in the country (Shin, Kim and Lim, 2018).
This research proposal will develop a structured procedure to examine the information of the
subject and further conduct a significant research to analyse the factors that contribute in the
failure of electric vehicles in India and provide significant recommendations on the same.
Research Background
Vehicle is the sources which is used to transport things, individuals, animals, etc. from
one place to another. There are different types of vehicle which are used for the purpose of
travelling from one place to another. There are different types of vehicles such as petrol, diesel,
electric. Cart, etc (Bhat and Jadhav, 2016). This research is based on failure of electric vehicle in
India. There are various components such as lack of awareness among individuals regarding
electric vehicle, etc. so there is failure of electric cars. It is important to make clarity regarding
some factors through positive impact on sales can be achieved. India is the country which is
densely populated so in this case, there is high demand for vehicles. But electric vehicles get
failed in India because of less demand.
Overview of topic
While conducting this research, information is collected by analysing personal experience
of India. Pollution is major problem in India, so scope and growth of electric vehicle is more.
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There are many benefits of electric vehicle such as less emission of green house effect, more
health benefits, energy security, etc. So there are benefits of electric cars as per individual's and
social point of view. But there is negative impact on sales of electric cares (Daziano, Sarrias and
Leard, 2017). So in this research, there is discussion about significance of electric vehicles,
factors which are the reason for failure of electric cars and at last there are some
recommendations through which these cars can be famous in Indian market.
Rationale of research
Importance of this research is to identify importance of electric vehicles. This also
enhance knowledge about measures through which measures can be planned for reducing
pollution. This research helps to identify reasons of failure electric vehicle and provide some
recommendation through which it can be popularised. Pollution is the issue which is major in
India, so with conducting this research, it is easy to understand measures through which electric
vehicles can be marketed. Researcher have interest in auto- mobile sector, so this makes this
research more relevant because candidates will conduct it with full energy and zeal (Deb and et.
al., 2018).
Significance of the research
With the help of present research reasons for failure of electric vehicle in India can be
identified. With the help of present research, importance of electrical vehicle can be successfully
develop in India. Therefore, it helps to reduce air pollution from the environment in successful
manner. (Jhunjhunwala, Kaur and Mutagekar, 2018). With this regard, it can be stated that air
population can be reduced with using different strategies and techniques. It will helpful to focus
on appropriate work system that can establish desired results in India. Hence, it can be stated that
solution to reduce air pollution from the country in systematic manner. It will assist to focus on
desired level of results that can be established to maintain proper functioning. With the help of
electric auto mobile country will gain several advantages in systematic manner (Bresler and
Stake, 2017).
Developing electric vehicle is also essential for reducing greenhouse gases so that
emission also positively develop at workplace. In this consideration, it can be stated that India
can focus completely to reduce negative impact from the transportation. It assists to go further
and eliminate need for fossil fuels. Moreover, electric vehicle are cheaper to run and maintain so
that safety improvements can be successfully consider with energy security. With the help of
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rechargeable batteries, appropriate uses of energy can successfully develop that assists to meet
with common hybrid car (Brinkmann, 2014). It also aids in improvement of efficiency and
exclusively ascertained more desired level of results. Car pollution is one of the major cause of
global warming so that it need to emit which contribute one fifth of the country in appropriate
manner. Greenhouse gases also reduced which rise and worldwide develop effectiveness.
Research Aim
“To identify the reasons for the failure of electric vehicle in India.”
Research Objectives
 To determine the significance of electric auto-mobiles
 To identify evolution of hybrid vehicles in India
 To examine the factors responsible for failure of electric vehicles in India
 To provide effective recommendations to promote electrical vehicle in the country.
Research Questions
 How to determine the significance of electric auto-mobiles?
 How to identify evolution of hybrid vehicles in India?
 How to examine the factors responsible for failure of electric vehicles in India
 What are the effective recommendations to promote electrical vehicle in the country ?
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH FOCUS
Increasing level of air pollution in Indian cities has been a reason of concern for the car
manufactures and policy makers. Around 25 cities in India are within the 100 most polluted
cities in the world. The cause of increasing air pollution in Indian cities is highly related to
different sources but the transport sector makes a great contribution as well (Bresler and Stake,
2017). It is essential to minimise the emissions from the transport sector in order to control the
increasing pollution in the country. The negative impacts of air pollution on health of human and
economy are also major concern and hence to control the adverse effect on environment, policy
makers are using various options. Electric vehicles have been observed as an useful technology
or option and certain national governments have impressively implemented effective policies for
promoting the technology. Indian government is eager to promote electric vehicles as a green
mobility alternative and is also consider it as a most effective solution for reducing air pollution
in the cities (Dobryden and et.al., 2017). In India, electric 3 wheeler vehicles have been a little
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successful but on the other electric 2 wheelers, 4 wheelers and buses failed to attract customers.
There are various reasons that contributes in the failure of the electric vehicles in India.
Maximum Indian people prefer petrol, gas or diesel driven cars, they do not seem to be ready to
buy and utilise the electric cars because of their slow speed, slow pick up and non-availability of
charging centres in the cities or locality of the area. According to the society of manufactures of
electric vehicles, only 22000 units of electric vehicles were sold in India by March 2016
including only 2000 cars. In addition to this, sales of electric cars increased at a high rate of 94%
in global market due to other countries such as Europe, US and China (Khan and et.al., 2017).
The major reason contributing to the failure of the electric vehicles is lack of technology and
significant infrastructure to support manufacturing of electric vehicles in India. Efficient
elements such as batteries with high density are still a challenge in India. Owning an electric car
in India feels like having a vehicle on leash. Battery charge time, range and distance between
charge stations surely are concerns every electric vehicles purchase needs to make sure all
around the world. If a user can not get from one point to another without getting the vehicles
charge than he or she will definitely resit in buying electric vehicles. The people can not recharge
their vehicles anywhere between the routes as India is not much developed in terms of
infrastructure. There is a high level of development required in the country so that electric
vehicle users can easily charge their 2 wheelers, 4 wheelers or buses. It is very important to
develop a strong and high technology infrastructure in the country so that electric vehicles can be
promoted in a more effective way. Although charging infrastructure is not the only driver or
factor for failure of electric vehicles in India. Along with the charging infrastructure there are
other factors consist the cost of electric vehicles, dovetailing incentives with green policies,
preferential policies and consumer education. The charging time for electric vehicles is another
issue for users of electric users. In order to travel for a specific distance it is very necessary for
the electric vehicle to be fully charged. But it takes a long time to charge a vehicle that consumer
essential time of the users. It is highly important for developing high density batteries so that
customer can travel longer distances by charging once. Therefore, it can be summarised that
India is facing many challenges in order to promote electric vehicles in the country and it
requires a lot of development to motivate people for buying electric 2 wheelers and 4 wheelers.
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Conceptual Framework
Research is the in- depth Investigation or study of specific topic in order to give
conclusion and recommendations over it so this is long process. In order to understand research
topic properly and conduct research in systematic manner. Research is divided under different
chapters (Fotuhi-Friuzabad and et. al., 2016).
Chapter 1: Introduction: In this there is introduction about research topic which consist
of overview of research topic with its rationale. This is chapter through which reader gets
knowledge about aims and objectives for which research is conducted. Hence it is easy to get
overview and research topic.
Chapter 2: Literature review: Literature review ids detailed information about objectives
which are set in introduction set. In this section, information is collected through authentic and
reliable online sources, books, journals, etc. This is the section in which secondary data is
collected from authentic sources.
Chapter 3 Research Methodology: Research methodology is the section in which tools
and techniques which are used to conduct research are analysed. This helps reader to understand
which technique is implemented and how is it beneficial. In order to understand which technique
is used and reason behind it, this section enhance knowledge.
Chapter 4 Data Collection and Interpretation: Data is required to analyse view about
research topic. This is the chapter in which information collected from the primary source and
then interpretate. This gives overview of respondents about failure of electric vehicle in India. As
per this chapter information is collected through primary research and then its interpretation is
given.
Chapter 5 Recommendations and Conclusions: This is chapter in which conclusion on
the basis of collected data is provided. As there is discussion about reasons of failure of electric
vehicle in India is analyse, so recommendations are provided to overcome it. At last there is
refection which provides researcher's point of view, issues, etc. while conducting research. This
also provides information about areas which are enhanced in completion of research.
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JUSTIFICATION AND CONTEXTUALISATION
How will building existing body of knowledge
The present research is important for identifying failure of electric vehicle in India. This is
because; it ascertained solution for development of electric vehicle in the country. Therefore, it
can be stated that effectiveness can be successfully develop with consideration of reducing
pollution and expenses. With the help of electric vehicle, more systematic and appropriate
outcomes will be developing which would be helpful to increase lifestyle of people. Main benefit
of the electric vehicle is environmental safety that increases several other advantages that would
be beneficial to focus on more effectiveness (Gopal, Witt and Harris, 2015. Electric cars are also
effective in term of cost so that it can be said that expenses can be reduce easily. Hence, it helps
to increase GDP and more development of the country is also ascertained with successful
advantages and effectiveness. Furthermore, it can be stated that large part of the country's cost
remain same so that they can easily develop more significant advantages at workplace.
Furthermore, it can be said that customers have come to expect fuel efficiency with every new
vehicle so that it differentiate with line-up and something truly valued as per choice of people.
With the help of present research, solution for air pollution problems can be identified.
Therefore, it assists to focus on goals and objectives that can be accomplish with innovative
functioning. Furthermore, usefulness and advantages can be successfully build with electrical car
in India.
In the present research, there are several advantages with implementation of reasons for
identifying reasons of which is cause of greenhouse gases. Electric cars are 100% eco-friendly so
that it provides proper safety in the environment as it runs on clean energy source. They are also
better than the hybrid cars because it considers hybrid running on gas produce emission. This
topic has been selected to maintain security and reliability because there are fewer moving parts
so that there is lower maintenance costs. On festive season, it can be stated that fastest level gas
powered that is refuelled under five minutes. In addition to this, pollution effects also create
impact on health of human so that chemical effects need to be reduced. Breathing polluted air
puts at higher risk which create several other problems issues. Electric vehicle is better for India
because it assists to reduce using of fuel so that several costs associated in this can be reduced
successfully. Moreover, it can be stated that electric vehicle can lead with different sources of
spending and saving when it is compared to conventional (Saxena, Gopal and Phadke, 2014).
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Importance for implement electrical vehicle
Cost to run electric vehicle is slightly more complicated. In addition to this, pay gas
pump type fee every time EV battery can be charge that are used to counts towards electric bill.
As a result, it can be stated that decreasing in price also assists to focus on renewable energy and
advance technology that would be beneficial to consider successful policy implementation. Fuel
used to power car is only one factor that assists to focus on the vehicle maintenance costs which
can be stack up over the time. With the help of comparison, it can be stated that internal
combustion engine is cost disappear so that universal vehicle expenses like tire and brake
changes, insurance and structural repair that included with EV owners avoid many repeated cost
that is associated with engine upkeep.
Importance of present research
A great reason to go with electric vehicle is wealth of federal and state incentives
available. It rebates ans assists to include typically higher cost for electric car. As a result, it
makes financial feasibility which change constantly and important to know what kinds of
incentives that are available in front of each person (Nykvist and Nilsson, 2015). Availability of
incentives is also coupled with continuously falling cost that made investment with smart energy
and money decision. Furthermore, electric vehicle are also assists to deal as per lifestyle of
person when it is compared to myriad cost surrounding ICE purchase and maintenance. In order
to choose EV can be intelligent fiscal decisions.
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Significance of electric auto-mobiles
Electric cars are the vehicles which run partially with electricity. They have electric
batteries which can be recharge after use. According to Jordan Donaldson, 2019 electric cars are
more prominent in society because these are affordable and environment friendly. Electric cars
have positive impact in lives, environment and pocket as well. So there is personal and social
benefits which makes it more relevant in market. In India, there is major problem is because of
pollution, so in this case, electric cars give major benefits. Greenhouse gas emission are caused
due to pollution from trucks, cars, etc. So this can also reduces. As there is no fuel in electric
cars, so there is no harm to environment. Usually car maintenance, carrying and running cost is
more, hence this is cost savy as well. There are some benefits of using electric car which is
discussed as under-
Economic growth- Electric car is result of growth and development of country, because
this is the result of innovation and invention taken place in society (Habeeb, 2017). When new
techniques is launched, then there are different investors which wants to invest, people purchase
electric car, so there is regular financial monetary is possible. This helps to boost economic
growth of country.
Positive impact on health- This give better impact on health of people residing in
society. There are many people who are suffering from skin infection, asthma, bronchitis which
cause due to carbon dioxide, benzene, etc. Driving experience of electric care is better than fuel
car. This makes these cars more popular in current market. These cars are more comfortable, so
individuals can travel for longer distance with no back issuers.
Energy saving- There is requirement of low energy and electricity for electric cars. This
is the reason these are more beneficial which helps to consume energy in best and relevant
manner. Electric cars can be charged with energy which is generated from remaining in
generator. So this helps to use wasted energy for running cars.
Environmental benefits- With use of electric auto mobile, there is better use of energy,
so this is better and effective for environmental concept as well (Kappagantu and et. al., 2015). It
gives less emission which helps to understand changes which gives positive impact on
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environment concept. These cars does not promote smog and other harmful elements, so in this
case there are some changes which helps to maintain wildlife, health of human beings and plants.
Evolution of hybrid vehicles in India
According to Claire Evans, 2019 Hybrid cars refers to the car which is manufactured by
consisting two types of car i.e. electric car and traditional car. In these cars, there is collusion of
electric and petrol or diesel engine in one car. There are many people who use car for different
purpose, hence in this case there are some environmental, health issues which gives an idea of
hybrid car. With use of hybrid car, there are positive impact on satisfaction of consumers. Hybrid
car has combination of petrol and electric car, so they are more durable. In 1997, Toyota Prius
has launched hybrid car. At that time around 250000 cars are sold which creates an benchmark in
industry. This car does not big, fast and beautiful but buyer purchase it because this was first
petrol- electric car. This car wins most prestigious award “European car of 2005” which gives
prevalence on road.
Purchase purchase Prius car because they are not polluting environment and without
paying any penalty, they are contributing for keeping environment safe. They are ready to pay
changes higher purchase cost in lieu of it (Karacalioglu and Bukley, 2015). Hybrid cars are more
comfortable and convenient because they are safe while driving. This makes more fame for
hybrid cars. In India, there is issue of traffic as well, so in this case with use of hybrid cars ,
government also promotes it this makes people to buy hybrid car because they are getting tax as
hybrid cars are taxed at around 12% which is low as compared to traditional car i.e. 43% (Why
the future is hybrid, 2019).
Factors responsible for failure of electric vehicles in India
In India, electric cars are not so famous in India because of different factors. According
to Agamoni Ghosh, 2019, there are some challenges which results in failure of electric cars in
India. These are discussed as under-
Over cost- In India price of electric cars is more. This is because there is issue in lithium-
ion batteries which cost more. User asked to subsidise the battery which makes them understand
by changes which are taking place in external market. In order to deal with it Niti Ayog is
working over it.
Lack of techno- friendly- In India various organisation such as Maruti, Bajaj, Mahindra,
Toyota, etc. which have weak research and development activities. So in India, people are also
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lack in technology which affects demand of electric cars in India (Kaur, Kumar and Singh,
2018).
Infra structure and eco system- India has weak infrastructure, so in this acse use of
electric cars is not possible, there is lack of charging stations which affects accessibility of
electric vehicle in India (Kılkış, 2017). Ecosystem of India is not smooth, there are different
factors which creates mis-balance in eco-cycle of India. This affects demand of electric cars in
country.
Ignorance of public transport- Government of India is not planning to launch electric
vehicle in case of public transport. Big vehicles such as Volvo gives lots of pollution in country
but there is no specific step according to government norms as per country of UK, France,
China, etc.
Effective recommendations to promote electrical vehicle in the country
According to Ben Schiller, 2019 there are some strategies through which electric vehicles
can promoted in India which are discussed as under-
Re- use of old batteries- There are batteries used in electric cars, so there are some
policies through which old batteries can be re- used. This makes electric cars more affordable for
individuals residing in country. When batteries are re- use, then this is positive for environmental
prospectives as well.
Wireless charging- Electric cars run with use of batteries, so managers of auto mobile
industry has to provide facility of wireless charges. This helps to have battery backup in case of
emergency. In India, people have moderate tendency so in this case they have fear of battery
discharging and this affects sell of electric cars. So this recommendations is best for promoting
electric vehicles in India.
Making use of spare renewables- Many times, renewable energy gets wasted because of
no storage devise (Milligan, Muneer and Smith, 2015). So there is requirement of some spare
renewable to store and use it for battery charging. This is effective for saving cost and best use of
energy. So with use of spare renewables people are satisfied that there energy does not get
wasted.
Electrification the last mile- In there are some people who come from distant places, so in
this case , there is a requirement of proper facility of electricity. This helps to creates easiness in
using electric cars. This helps to creates awareness among people from rural background. So
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balance social growth and development of India is possible.
From the above discussed recommendations, it is clear that with use of various
recommendations, it is easy to promote electric cars in India and best use of resources is possible
(Pastakia, 2016).
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CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In order to successfully determines implementation of electric vehicle in India, it can be
stated that research methodology consider important role with specific procedure. In this
consideration, it can be stated that techniques used and identify to analysis information about
particular topic (Jhunjhunwala, Kaur and Mutagekar, 2018). As a result, it allows to the reader to
critically evaluate importance of implementation of electric vehicle in India. It also assists to
evaluate overall study with assess validity and reliability.
Research is the systematic investigation about specific topic which helps to understand
facts and figures about specific topic. This is the way through which description, explanation and
observation about specific topic is possible. There are different tools and techniques which are
required to analyse in order to get correct and positive outcome (Ruan and et. al., 2016).
In order to accomplish aim, primary and secondary research will be conducted through
targeted population in India who are using car. These tools are understood under research
methodology. There is a frame work “Research Onion” is studied. There are following strategies
can be implemented that assists to conduct appropriate research program:
Research philosophy: Research philosophy is kind of belief that assists to conduct
research in a particular way that include phenomena and gathered, analysis and used. There are
three types of types of research philosophy i.e. positivism, interpretivism and pragmatist. With
this consideration, different types of elements encompass with different philosophies of research
approach. As a result, two perspective such as positivism and interpretivism selected that assists
to ascertained appropriate findings with subjective measurement (Gopal, Witt and Harris, 2015).
Positivism research philosophy consider believe that reality is stable that can be observed and
described as per objective point of view. Isolated outcomes also observed that includes
manipulation of reality with variations in single independent variable. On the other hand,
interpretivism research philosophy contend with subjective interpretation.
Therefore, in the present research this strategy has been used that assists to understand
reality and natural environment with interpretivist theory because this is philosophy which
provides subjective knowledge about research topic. With using this philosophy, it is easy for
acknowledge strategies which are required to be considered. With this regard, together
acknowledgement can be ascertained that admitted to maintain appropriate functioning in the
whole research. In the present research, interpretivism philosophy has been used that assists to
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consider appropriate classification to discuss about implications in general way (Rashid, 2017).
Furthermore, choice of primary data collection can be done with this method.
Research philosophy is the concept which provides information about sources through which
information is gathered and arranged in systematic manner. In this research, interpretivism is
used
Research approach: Research approach can be define as plan and procedure that consist
more steps with broad assumption in detailed perspective. Research approach is the plan and
procedure through which reason about specific view can be analysed about research topic. There
are some changes which is specific and relevant to make reader aware about strategies used in
research. In this regard, method of data collection, analysis and interpretation can be resolved
which is based on nature of research problem that being addressed with collection of appropriate
information. This approach is used to consider appropriate reasoning. There are two types of
approaches exists such as inductive and deductive.
In the present research inductive method used which is carry to focus on quantitative
information. It also helpful to provide relevant data that consider from specific to general
(Mackey and Gass, 2015). As a result, it can be consider in successful manner to focus on
appropriate functioning at workplace. It can be applied in further research study which would be
beneficial to focus on access overall research tools in effective manner. As this research is based
on reason behind failure of electric cars. So inductive approach helps to understand it with
detailed collected information.
Time Horizon- Time is the most social component which has to be considered by
researcher because of many activities, there are possibilities that it can be over dated. Hence
Gantt chart is the technique which is used to identify time required to complete specific research
(Sanjeev, Padhy and Agarwal, 2015). Gantt chart is pictorial description which shows different
activities in respect of their to,me. Hence this helps to create synchronisation in research
activities and provides information to team mates regarding research activities. This helps to
complete research within specified time and achieving aims and objectives with positive
outcome. This research is conducted in approximately 13 weeks.
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Research design: Research design can be define as the arrangement of conditions and
collection. There is specific format which helps to make research in systematic format. In this
consideration, descriptive analysis can be made successfully that assists to consider appropriate
findings. With this regard, different kinds of research design exists such as correlative,
observation, case study, descriptive, experimental, etc. All these kinds of design useful to
conduct appropriate study (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015). In the present research,
descriptive research design has been used that assists to find in-depth information that is useful
to focus on relevant information and outcomes. This also helps reader to understand different
aspects which are used by researcher to make research valid and authentic.
Research strategy: There are two types of research strategies such qualitative and
quantitative. In the present study, quantitative research strategy has been used that assists to
consider survey on the basis of questionnaire. It is also helpful to attain overall goals and
objectives which would be beneficial to attain more desired level of results (Lewis, 2015). On
the basis of quantitative data and information, valid and relevant information regarding failure of
electric vehicle in India can be assess. As a result, it would be beneficial to focus on direct
consideration which develop more systematic results at workplace.
Data collection: In the present research, data collection is one of the important parameter
that assists to ascertained desired level of results. Data for research is collected with the help of
different sources which frames base for valid conclusion and recommendations. There are two
methods sources through which data is collected for research i.e. primary and secondary
research. In this consideration, primary and secondary two types of data useful that assists to
focus on appropriate findings and analysis results. In primary research, information is collected
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from respondents through one to one interaction through questionnaire, personal interview, focus
group, etc. Primary data collected with conducting survey. While as per secondary method, data
is collected through online sources, newspaper, books, journals, etc. In addition to this,
secondary data will be gather from previous research, different authors views, etc. Furthermore,
researcher need to concentrate on appropriate findings and analysis with using different aspects
of measurements (Vaioleti, 2016). In this research information is collected with the help of both
the methods through questionnaire and online source. Hence this provides more authentic and
relevant information.
Data analysis: In the present study, thematic and descriptive data analysis method has
been used. It assists to focus on goals and objectives that can be accomplish with using different
strategies. In this regard, it can be stated that appropriate findings and research study will be
ascertained in desired manner.
Sampling: Sampling is the process through which specific number of respondents are
selected to give their view on research topic. Their view creates base for remaining population
(Shamim and Rihan, 2017). Sampling method consider in two types of methods so that it contain
non-probabilistic and probabilistic. From the both, researcher consider non-probabilistic in which
simple random sampling method has been used to conduct appropriate research (Ledford and
Gast, 2018). As per this method, there are equal possibilities of being selected from the crowd.
Hence there is equal possibilities of each individual to get selected. This reduces possibilities of
biasness while collecting data. In this regard, it can be stated that 30 sample size has been
selected for present study in which respondents included those people who using car and
effectively know about electric measurement of car vehicle. Target population is people who
using car in India and interested in electrical vehicle.
Research limitation- There is limitation of time while conducting this research because
data collection is most time. While collecting data through questionnaire then there are
individuals who does not want to revert back. Then this consumes time to take revert from them.
Hence researcher feels that there is shortage of time.
Research budget- There is requirement of some resources such as computer, internet
connection, allowance expenses, etc. which helps to make research authentic because
information represented is from original sources. Budget for this research is £650.
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Ethics
In order to conduct research, it can be stated that research involve human subject and
participants that raised unique and complex ethical, legal, social and political issues. In this
aspect, it can be stated that ethics assists to raise people awareness. In this regard, researcher
need to ensure that present study never harm to any person in the whole process never harm. As
a result, it can be stated that research ethics can be successfully followed that contain
responsibilities, human rights and animal welfare. It assists to protect appropriate system of the
environment and regulate effective functions at workplace (Bresler and Stake, 2017).
While conducting research, there are some ethical norms which has to be followed by
research while conducting research. In this research, investigator take possible measures through
which they did not harm any person or any other individual. While conducting this research
ethical aspects are kept in mind, so possibilities of unethical act gets reduced (Bhat and Jadhav,
2016). This makes research free from ethical issues so results can be achieved which is positive
and authentic.
Reliability and validity
Reliability and validity is important consideration which includes measurement of the
stability and consistency of test scores. In this regard, it can be stated that ability for test and
research findings must be repeatable and effective that can be implement for further research
program. It is also beneficial to focus on accurate measurement of whole outcomes that
ascertained desired results at workplace. Internal reliability and consistency measure well tested
and effective functioning to implement electronic vehicle at workplace of India. Reliability
coefficient is measure of achievement that consider proportion of observed score (Brinkmann,
2014). In the present research, limited time so that research consider on appropriate functioning
and effectiveness from valuable resources.
While conducting research, it is important to make information reliable and valid.
Information collected from respondents are used for research purpose and identity of respondents
is kept confidential. Questionnaire is authentic and collected from actual respondents. So
interpretation is authentic and reliable. There is consent of respondents in giving specific view.
Secondary data is collected from sources which provides up to the mark information from up to
the date sources (Daziano, Sarrias and Leard, 2017).
17

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Data Analysis
Data analysis is the way to collect, inspect and transforming data in order to give correct
information about research topic. So this is the important concept which has to be considered by
researcher because this is the base for conducting research. Thematic approach is used in this
research. This is the way through which brief information question can be provided to reader to
understand basic concept behind it.
Questionnaire
Name:
Occupation:
Age:
Q1. Do you own a car?
Yes
No
Q2. What type of fuel car you are using now?
Petrol
Diesel
CNG
Other
Q3. What are the main factor you consider before buying a vehicle?
…..........................................................
Q4. Do you know anything about electric vehicles or any other eco- friendly vehicle before
doing questionnaire?
Yes
No
Q5. What factors will affect you in buying an electric vehicle?
…........................................................................
Q6. What factors will affect you in not buying an electric vehicle?
…..........................................................................
Q7. How does the brand name of the electric vehicle affect your decision towards buying it?
18

…......................................................................................................
Q8. How much excess money are you ready to pay for an electric vehicle?
Rs.0- Rs. 100000
Rs. 100000- Rs. 500000
Rs. 500000- Rs. 1000000
Q9. What is the daily average usage of your private vehicle?
0-25 Kms
25-50 Kms
50-75 Kms
More than 75 Kms
Q10. What segment of electric car would you prefer?
Hatchback
Sedan
SUV
Q11. How do you see the further of electric vehicles in India by 2025?
…..............................................................................
Q12. What are the major steps you think are compulsory to make electric vehicles a success?
…................................................................................
Data interpretation
Theme 1: Owner of car or not
Q1. Do you own a car? Frequency
Yes 12
No 3
19

Interpretation- According to above picture, out of 15 respondents 12 have cars, while
remaining 3 does not have. This shows that in India, car is required by majority of people are
avail services of it.
Theme 2: Type of fuel
Q2. What type of fuel car you are using now? Frequency
Petrol 4
Diesel 7
CNG 1
Other 3
20
Yes No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
12
3
Frequency

Interpretation- According to above mentioned picture, it is identified that out of 15
candidates 4 individuals have petrol car, 7 individuals have diesel car, 1candiadte uses gas
vehicle and remaining 3 favours for others i.e. they do not have any vehicle. Hence it is clear that
in India majority of people have diesel vehicle which is 20% more costlier than petrol vehicle,
but this keeps vehicle engine clean.
Theme 3: Factors which affects Buying decision of vehicle
Q3. What are the main factor you consider before buying a vehicle?
Interpretation: There are some factors which affects decision making of consumer
regarding cars such as price, resale values, etc. Consumer prefers to analyse each and every
aspect before purchasing car. While taking review from respondents there are different views
because this is open ended question. Some factors such as engine power, efficiency, status and
class, boot space, reviews, sitting capacity, safety feature, price, resale value, brand name, looks,
etc. affects purchase decision of any car or vehicle. These factors can make individuals to buy
car or does not buy it and switch to other option.
Theme 4: Knowledge about electric vehicle
21
Petrol Diesel CNG Other
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4
7
1
3 Frequency

Q4. Do you know anything about electric vehicles or any
other eco- friendly vehicle before doing questionnaire?
Frequency
Yes 9
No 6
Interpretation- While conducting survey regarding electric vehicle, it is important to
identify that people are aware about electric vehicle or not. As per above graph, out of 15
individuals 9 have knowledge about electric vehicle, while 6 does not have knowledge. Hence it
is interpreted that it is important to create awareness about electric vehicle to people, so this
helps to make electric cars famous in India.
Theme 5: Factors which affects buying electric car
Q5. What factors will affect you in buying an electric vehicle?
Interpretation: Electric car are the vehicle which run and operate with electricity. There
are some factors which affects decision regarding purchasing it or not. Some factors are
durability of car, running and maintenance cost, comfortable zone, looks, price, subsidiary over
22
Yes No
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9
6
Frequency

it, symbol and status, brand name, etc. these are the factors which individual analyse before
buying electric cars. So it is important for managers of auto mobile industry to analyse these
factors hence this makes popularity of electric vehicle. In India people analyse every aspect
before purchasing products, so it is important to make all the aspects clear and understood to
make them satisfy.
Theme 6: Factors which emphasise on not purchasing electric cars
Q6. What factors will affect you in not buying an electric vehicle?
Interpretation: There are some components which assist in not purchasing electric car.
Some factors are low mileage, improper infrastructure, no new feature, less comfortable, looks,
high maintenance and purchase cost, lack of charging facility at highways, parking,not
sustainable for rural area, etc. These are the factors due to which electric cars get fail in India. In
order to maintain electric vehicle, individuals wants full facility from internal and external
sources of society, so managers of auto mobile sector also has to analyse these factors and then
manufacture and offer electric car segment.
Theme 7:Impact of brand name on buying decision
Q7. How does the brand name of the electric vehicle affect your decision towards buying it?
Interpretation: brand name of the company matters for majority of people, but there are
5 candidates for whom brand name does not affects while purchasing products. After sales
services, resale value, satisfaction with purchase of product, mental satisfaction, status, etc. are
some components which are related to buying decision of electric vehicle. If brand value of car is
low, then resale price is not good so this affects decision making regarding purchase of any
electric car. One of the individual think that good brand is equal to good products. Hence it is
clear that reliability of product is clear with brand name.
Theme 8: Excess money for electric cars
Q8. How much excess money are you ready to pay for an
electric vehicle?
Frequency
Rs.0- Rs. 100000 9
Rs. 100000- Rs. 500000 6
Rs. 500000- Rs. 1000000 0
23

Interpretation- Electric vehicles are more expensive as compared to petrol or diesel
vehicle. As per above picture, it is identified that 9 individuals are ready to pay up to Rs.10000
for electric vehicle. 6 individuals are ready to pay Rs. 10000 to Rs. 50000 extra for it. None of
the respondents is ready to pay more than Rs. 500000. as majority of people are ready to up to R.
10000 so electric vehicle have low cost for maintenance and carrying.
Theme 9: Daily average distance covered by private vehicle
Q9. What is the daily average usage of your private vehicle? Frequency
0-25 Kms 4
25-50 Kms 2
50-75 Kms 3
More than 75 Kms 6
24
Rs.0- Rs. 100000
Rs. 100000- Rs. 500000
Rs. 500000- Rs. 1000000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9
6
0
Frequency

Interpretation- According to above graph, 4 candidates use their vehicle up to 25 Kms. 2
individuals says that they drive 25-50 Kms Daily, 3 candidates says they drive around 50- 75
kms. While remaining 6 individuals says that they drive on an average more than 75 Kms daily.
So it is interpreted that majority of people use car for long distance purpose so it is important to
have all the safety equipments with them.
Theme 10: Segment of electric car
Q10. What segment of electric car would you prefer? Frequency
Hatchback 4
Sedan 5
SUV 6
25
0-25 Kms 25-50 Kms 50-75 Kms More than 75 Kms
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4
2
3
6
Frequency

Interpretation- As per above picture, it is interpreted that 4 individuals out of 15 prefers
Hatchback segment of electric cars, 5 says that they prefer Sedan, while remaining 6 Candidates
says that they prefer SUV. So with the above discussion, it is concluded that there is requirement
of some marketing requirement which is effective an relevant to understand changes in better and
relevant manner.
Theme 11: Future of electric cars in India by 2025
Q11. How do you see the further of electric vehicles in India by 2025?
Interpretation: In current market, electric vehicle gets failed in India because of lack of
facilities, lack of awareness, etc. So in this case it is asked with respondents regarding future of
electric vehicle, then majority of candidates says it have good future. With use of it there will be
less pollution in society so it helps to keep environment safe. There is view that if price of petrol
will rise people will switch to electric vehicles which helps to get better future from environment
point of view. There was few individuals who have that they are not sure or can not predict 2025
because there is no proper infrastructure for electric cars, people are consistent regarding
technology aspects which makes electric car failure in India.
26
Hatchback Sedan SUV
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4
5
6
Frequency

Theme 12: Steps compulsory for making electric vehicle successful
Q12. What are the major steps you think are compulsory to make electric vehicles a success?
Interpretation: There is requirement of some steps through which electric cars can get
success in India. As per view of respondents, good mileage, education among individuals, proper
infrastructure, facilities of charging points, facility of subsidiary, safety features, new and
innovative model, good facilities, government policies, etc. These are the factors which makes
electric cars famous in India.
27

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS, REFLECTION
Conclusion
From the primary source discussion, it is clear that majority of people in India use diesel
car which has high cost as compared to petrol vehicle. In India people analyse different factors
such as comfortable, safety, new technology, brand value, sitting capacity, fuel efficiency,
mileage, driving distance, looks, variants, etc. before purchasing car. This helps to understand
usability of vehicle and accordingly product will be purchased. Out of 15 candidates, 6 does not
have knowledge about electric vehicle, so it is important to create awareness about it. While
purchasing electric some factors such as comfort, running cost, looks, brand image, symbol and
status, etc. are analysed.
Lack of charging facility, high maintenance cost, ugly looks, lack of sitting capacity, can't
travel for longer distance, low mileage which affects purchase decision of consumers. There is
important role of brand image of organisation while purchasing electric vehicle because this
provides mental satisfaction, good re- sale price, best after sales services, symbol, etc. so there is
impact of decision making to purchase it. In India majority of people drive vehicle for more than
75000 km and they most of them are ready to pay up to Rs. 10000 more. If proper facilities are
provided related to charging point, infrastructure, etc. then there will good future of electric car
in 2025.
As per secondary data, there is important role of electric auto- mobile in industry such as
economic growth, positive impact on health, energy saving,etc. When electric vehicles are used
then there is less possibilities of health issues to people residing in society. Hybrid vehicle refers
to the convince where there is use of both electric and fuel to operate it. This is evolved in 1997
in Prius by Toyota. There are some factors due to which electric vehicle in India gets failed such
as over cost, lack of good infrastructure, etc.
Recommendations
In order to make electric vehicle successful in India there are some recommendations
which has to be followed by auto mobile sector managers-
 There must be planning for good infrastructure, where it is easy for people to maintain
electric car in society.
28

 Maintenance and purchase cost must be low down. This makes individuals to get positive
chance of using electric cars. There must be planing regarding new and innovative looks
which attracts people to avail it. Mileage must be improved to make affordable for every
incomed individuals.
 Government policies must be farmed regarding use of electric vehicle so pollution n
society gets reduced. This make environment safe and reduce possibilities of health
issues.
 There must be charging stations at highways, parking slots, etc. so in case of long
distance and battery can recharge frequently.
 There must be provision on subsidiary on tax and other benefits with purchase of electric
cars. This motivates individuals to purchase and invest in electric cars as compared to
petrol or diesel cars.
Reflection
With conducting this research I am able to understand reason of failure of electric cars in
India. I am able to achieve aims and objectives with proper planning and guidance. With
conducting this research I am able to learn about tools and techniques which are required to
conduct research in more effective and efficient manner. I am able to develop ability to work
under team and within specific time limit. There is issue related to budget so information from
secondary sources is collected through less magazine and newspapers.
29

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