SBM1300 Research: Electric Vehicle Impact on NSW Transportation

This report investigates the influence of electric vehicles on the transportation management system in New South Wales (NSW). It explores the benefits of electric vehicles, including cost reduction, sustainability, and operational advantages within the logistics sector. The study examines the reasons for adopting electric vehicles, analyzing their impact on supply chain management and the environment. The report highlights the importance of electric vehicles in reducing emissions, lowering maintenance costs, and improving overall efficiency. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating electric vehicles into transportation systems, offering valuable insights for managers and policymakers. The research utilizes various methodologies, including literature reviews and data analysis, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic, emphasizing the positive effects of electric vehicles on the transportation system in NSW and the broader implications for businesses and the environment.

RUNNING HEAD: TRANSPORTATION 0
“ELECTRIC VEHICLE”

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Abstract
There are various challenges which are faced by the organization in conducting logistics
activities which is overcome through adopting electric vehicle because it supports various
benefits that is reducing the cost, maintaining sustainability and providing operational
advantages to the organization. The project is important because it provide information about the
strategies and policies which company can be adopted to include electric vehicle in the logistics
activities. The project is significant because it also give information about the reasons of using
electric vehicle, which company can be used in managing activities in the organization.
Furthermore, the project is also important because it provide insight to the manager to use
electric vehicle so that sustainability will be maintained and at the same time cost of the
operations in the organization will be reduced.
The study is being conducted to understand the effect of electric vehicle on transportation
management system in NSW; in this the data was provided about the effective management of
logistics activities. The study provides complete information about the impact of electric vehicle
in supplying the products and services. The aim of the study is to find the purpose of using the
electric vehicle because of providing various benefits to the companies. The expected results in
the study are that electric vehicle influence transportation system management directly. It is
because of maintaining efficiency in delivering the goods by reducing the wastage and through
becoming environmental-friendly.
The findings of the present results will be important because through which one can divide the
reasons of using electric vehicle in different areas and through this it can develop strategies
accordingly. Furthermore, it can adopt electric trucks in distributing their goods to the customers;
it can support them in maintaining the loyalty of the consumers and helps in managing effective
functions. The results of the study is also significant it is because through this the cost of the
company will be reduced and company can invest these amount in conducting other necessary
activities so that effectiveness will be maintained in the activities.

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Table of Contents
Research Objectives.........................................................................................................................3
Critically evaluate evidence.............................................................................................................5
Importance of Electric vehicle.....................................................................................................5
Electric vehicle in logistics..........................................................................................................5
Reasons of adopting Electric vehicle...........................................................................................7
Research Gap...............................................................................................................................7
Justification of area for further research..........................................................................................7
Research Question...........................................................................................................................8
Hypothesis...................................................................................................................................9
Null Hypothesis...........................................................................................................................9
Alternative Hypothesis................................................................................................................9
Research Methodology....................................................................................................................9
Research Design..............................................................................................................................9
Research approach...........................................................................................................................9
Research Philosophy..................................................................................................................10
Data collection...........................................................................................................................10
Data analysis..............................................................................................................................10
Details of participants....................................................................................................................11
Description of Materials................................................................................................................12
Materials in Tests.......................................................................................................................12
Materials and measures in Surveys............................................................................................12
Questions in Semi-structured interview.....................................................................................13
Materials and measure to describe Findings..............................................................................13
Data Analysis.................................................................................................................................14
Ethical Issues.................................................................................................................................14
References......................................................................................................................................16

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Research Objectives
Electric vehicle give positive effects to the transportation management system it is because it
provide various sustainable benefits to the company because of reducing the carbon dioxide
emissions (Shaukat et al., 2018). It is because present logistics and transportation use different
heterogeneous fleets which contain technologies that is electric vehicle. This supports in
possessing the 90%-95% efficiency in the energy in comparison to the internal combustion
engines. It is because majority of the companies adopt electric vehicle so that transportation
management system through managing logistics activities done in more effective manner (Cano
et al., 2018).
In supply chain management it is used because this electric vehicle supports in reducing the cost
and expenditure of transportation. In this logistics industries and other industries use in
distributing the goods from one place to other in more quality. Therefore, in the current year it
reduces the charges in the fuel through which the expenditure of the industries and companies
reduces. This is considered one of the main reason through which the majority of the companies
in different countries make use of the electric vehicle for logistics management (Houshmand &
Cassandras, 2018).
There are various other reasons through which electric vehicle is used so that proper
management of the operations take place, therefore reduction in the maintenance cost is
considered one of the main reason. It is because there are few parts and components of the
electric vehicle in comparison of the traditional vehicle. Through, this the expenditure on the
maintenance is also decreased. It is estimated that up to 15% of the pollution comes from the
transportation and 95% of vehicles use petrol and diesel which effects the environment in
negative manner (Juan et al., 2016). It is considered one of the sustainable practices through
which the companies can gain advantage through adopting electric vehicle. Therefore, through
getting feedback from the logistics and transportation industry representative it is examined that
electric vehicle is considered one of the strategy which is developed through industry for
efficient supply of products.

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The representative also revealed that there are various challenges which is faced in the current
year which includes increasing the wastage, management in the government policies through
which it become difficult for effective transportation management system. It also considered in
reducing the pollution and become more sustainable and environmental friendly. Therefore, the
effective transportation for the logistics activities could be focuses on this is due to meeting and
performing various activities in the company such as cost, profitability, reputation and increasing
the loyalty of the customers.
The electric vehicle is also considered one of the safety instruments this leads in reducing the
risk and various hazardous and maintains the efficiency of the company (Li et al., 2017). It also
leads in enhancement in the current operations and activities so that logistics activities in the
business. It supports in providing more information about the logistics and supply chain
management activities. This reveal in providing various other advantages to the companies
which includes improving various operations of the organization.
The main aim of the research is to examine “the influence of electric vehicle on NSW
transportation system”, this objective is achieved through developing various other aim so that
the overall objective of the study will be accomplished. Therefore, various objectives which:-
 To investigate “ the main reasons for adopting electric vehicle”
 To analyze “the impact of electric vehicle on logistics management pertaining to supply”
This supports in providing complete information regarding the transportation management by
performing logistics activities by adopting electric vehicle. The study provide information
various information about the transportation management. This study is considered highly
positive it is because it provides the information regarding the measures which can company
adopt to attract the customers. Therefore, through identifying the reasons industries can also
develop the strategies for adopting electric vehicle so that transportation and distribution of the
activities is performed in efficient manner. The various software and activities is also adopted so
that transportation management system is done in more effective manner by reducing the cost of
the companies.

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Critically evaluate evidence
Importance of Electric vehicle
Researchers conduct the research and describe that electric vehicle reduce the cost and
expenditure of the organization that is it is cheaper to run due to saving the fuel and other cost
(Martinez et al., 2016). The estimation revealed that petrol and diesel is the one reason through
which the cost for transportation is increase. The other study also provides same findings and
describe that electric vehicle supports in reducing the cost of maintenance due to less parts in
comparison to the conventional vehicle. Therefore, researchers that there are no fuel injection
systems, radiators and several other components in electric vehicle (Chen et al., 2016).
Electric vehicle provides various advantages to the organization which includes it can transport
goods from one place to another in time and through reducing the other expenses of the company
(Houshmand & Cassandras, 2018). The focus of the study is to find the advantages which
electric vehicle provided to the company. The data collection is done through using the primary
method that is by taking the opinions from the respondents. The findings of the study revealed
that it supports the company to maintain sustainability by providing various advantages to the
environment such as it results in providing less pollution to the environment due to giving
harmful air pollution through the exhausted emissions (Houshmand & Cassandras, 2018).
The study also describes that it supports in managing the other environmental factors such as
using the renewable energy in which the greenhouse emissions is reduced (Sulaiman et al.,
2018). This also supports in health and safety by reducing the health problems due to less noise
pollution and provide other safety improvements that is lowering the risk and threats of
hazardous activities. Therefore, researchers revealed that the electric vehicle can use used by the
company to conduct their operations in efficient manner according to their needs and
requirement (Jensen et al., 2017).
Electric vehicle in logistics
Researchers revealed that electric vehicle used in logistics activities that are for transporting the
goods (Li et al., 2017). This can reduce the wastage of the goods due to using effective software

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for managing the products in transportation so that profitability of the organization is maintained.
Furthermore, it can reduce the expenditure to use the petrol and oil and results in maintaining
sustainability in the transportation activities. The researchers also provide similar information
and describes that in this it used eco friendly products that is electric vehicle some of the
materials are used for the recycle products which have reduce impact on the environment and
other sustainability practices (Liu & Wang, 2017).
The study describes that nowadays the electric vehicle can be used in the logistics activities, the
estimation revealed that there are various organization which adopt electric vehicle in the
logistics activities (Tian et al., 2018). It is because this supports in effective management of the
transportation management system. The data collection was done through using the secondary
method that is by including existing articles. The results describes that it provide safety
improvements to the supplier it is due to reducing the higher threats of the fire and explosive,
through which the companies can deliver various types of products from one place to another
(Tian et al., 2018).
Electric vehicle in the logistics management is considered one of the efficient strategies due to
reducing the operational funds and improving various other activities in the companies (Gusrialdi
et al., 2017). The estimation revealed that it reduces the operations and activities of the company
through which the charges and other expenses of the company can be reduced. However, in
comparison to this other researchers revealed that electric vehicle charges more additional
expenses due to conducting overall planning and implementing the strategies for delivering the
products to the small cities. Further, it is revealed that it also depends on the amount of
investment and other activities amount which companies invested (Gusrialdi et al., 2017).
The study also revealed that there are also some challenges through using electric vehicle, it is
describes that there is limitation in the driving capabilities due to restricting the amount of
storing the electricity in the batteries which is used in the electric vehicle (Juan et al., 2016).
However, researchers describes that there are various challenges which includes environmental,
strategic and operational issues which is still faced by the company by using the electric vehicle
in the business so that transportation system will be managed effectively. Therefore, researcher
revealed that is also the problem of optimization of the resources in the company (Hagman &
Stier, 2016).

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Reasons of adopting Electric vehicle
The objective of the study is to understand the various reasons through which electric vehicle are
adopted (Morrison et al., 2018). The findings of the research describe that reduction in the
operational activities is considered one of the major reason through using electric vehicle.
However, in comparison to this it is supported by the company to gain competitive advantage
through effective management of sustainability it is due to reducing the carbon emissions,
adopting renewable resources and due to various other activities through which the company gets
benefited from the electric vehicle (Chen et al., 2017).
The aim of the study is to investigate the reasons for which electric vehicle is used. The data
collection was done through using the secondary method in which various opinions of the
authors is taken into consideration (Andwari et al., 2017). The analysis revealed that it is used
because of maintaining the safety in the operations through which the staff members of the
company is motivated, this is because it reduce various health problems and prevent the
employees from the various health activities (Zhang et al., 2017).
Research Gap
The above existing articles supports in providing information regarding the advantages which
electric vehicle provide to the companies in conducting various operations and functions of the
organization (Gusrialdi et al., 2017). The articles also give knowledge about the application of
the electric vehicle on the logistics management. It is because of performing various operations
and focusing on the transportation functions so that transportation system is administrated in
highly efficient manner. However, it is revealed that not much of the study is conducted to
understand the major objective for electric vehicle usage and it also does not reveal overall
information on electric vehicle impact on logistics management while concentrating on supply of
products (Sulaiman et al., 2018).
Justification of area for further research
Through, analyzing the prior existing articles it is described that it is considered important to use
the electric vehicle that is it supports in reducing the cost and manage the operation due to
implementing the transportation activities and effective distribution of the products through
using electric vehicle (Juan et al., 2016). Furthermore, it is revealed that there are various other

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benefits which include it can also maintain sustainability so that carbon dioxide will be reduced
and to use the renewable sources so that sustainable practices will be maintained by the
company. Therefore, it is also demonstrate that electric vehicle supports in the transportation by
reducing the time and cost, it is also results in reducing the wastage and other expenses.
However, other studies also revealed that there is various negative implications that are it charge
other additional activities (Morrison et al., 2018).
The above article also describes that there are various purpose of using the electric vehicle so
that productivity and at the same time efficiency is maintained in the industries. It is revealed
that not more of the study is revealed adequate information about the reason through which the
electric vehicle is used because in NSW most of the companies in different industries used
electric vehicle. (Hagman & Stier, 2016) The above research does not conduct research through
using quantitative method; therefore there is scope for further research to perform the study by
examining the main reasons of using electric vehicle and their affects on the management of
logistics so that proper supply of products from one place to another is done. Researchers can
conduct the study in NSW so that impact of electric vehicle on the transportation system. These
aspects supports in providing the data about main and overall objective so that overall objective
of conducting the researchers will be achieved.
Research Question
The research is focuses o providing information about the influence of the electric vehicle on the
transportation system, therefore to achieve this various sets of objectives are developed which
focuses on these questions so that it provide answer of the main proposed question. The research
question supports the researchers to focus on the main aspects of the research and give direction
to the researcher. The research questions are the study includes:-
 What are the main reasons for adopting electric vehicle?
 What is the impact of electric vehicle on logistics management pertaining to supply?
Hypothesis
It is the assumption which is developed by the researcher for further investigation, it further
provide direction regarding the factors and variables which should be tested so that results will

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be achieved and provide information that which element of hypothesis is accepted or rejected. In
the present research proposal the hypothesis is developed to understand the significant effects of
two variables so that research study will be conducted. These variables are examined through
existing articles because not much of the study is conducted to know the alignment of electric
vehicle on the logistics activities in NSW.
Null Hypothesis
“There is no significant impact of electric vehicle on the logistics management which is
pertaining to supply”.
Alternative Hypothesis
“There is significant influence of the electric vehicle on the management of logistics
activities pertaining to the supply”.
Research Methodology
Research Design
It is demonstrate that research will be using exploratory research; it is because this study
provides information about the new concept and aspects of the electric vehicle in the
transportation system by focusing on the logistics management activities. This research design
will provide more supporting in understanding the problem of the research more deeply and give
the proper information about the reasons of adopting electric vehicle and its influence on the
logistics management activities.
Research approach
The research will be conducted through using deductive approach it is because the study is also
conducted through using quantitative method. In this information is revealed through statistical
investigation, this supports in maintaining the validity and accuracy of the information (Wu et
al., 2016). Furthermore, this approach also helps in providing more information about the
respondents regarding their opinion about electric vehicle on the transporting the goods that is

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role of electric vehicle on the logistics management. It also provides insight about the
respondents which can be involved in the study to give results.
Research Philosophy
The study will be pragmatism research philosophy and realism research philosophy it is because
through this the themes of the study through which the data collection is done from the primary
method and secondary method is determined. It reveal in describing the techniques which is
considered more appropriate for getting the answer of the proposed question, this supports in
providing adequate information about the subject matter. In this the manner through which the
information about electric vehicle in logistics management is revealed.
Data collection
The data collection is the most important method because the overall research is based on
gathering the information from the participants. The research proposal demonstrate that both
primary and secondary methods is used to collect the data that in the primary source survey
method and semi-structured interview method is used so that opinions of the employees which
all works in the logistics and transport company and industry representative is gathered. The
sample size is 20 respondents and other 5 participants in the study. It is because this supports in
providing more information from getting the opinion of the respondents who all have true
information about electric vehicle.
Data analysis
The data analysis is done through using both quantitative and qualitative analysis method, the
results from survey method is investigated through using hypothesis testing method by focusing
on the two variables that is electric vehicle and logistic activities. The correlation analysis
method will be used to understand the impact of electric vehicle on the logistics management.
The SPSS and excel software will be used to identify the correlation and findings of the testing
and study will be demonstrate through table and charts that is through tabulation. Furthermore,
qualitative analysis is used for describing the results from the semi-structured interview. This
supports in providing quality of the study and provide real-world information (Symon et al.,
2018).

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Details of participants
The employees who all are in the logistics and transportation company of NSW as well a
transportation representative will be involved in the study to provide complete information about
the reasons through which electric vehicles will be used and their role in the logistics activities.
In the survey method about 20 respondents will be participated and in the semi-structure
interview about 5 respondents will be involve. The industry representative reveal complete
description of the benefits with electric vehicle provide in comparison to the conventional
vehicle.
The employees who are selected in the study are the workers which supports in manufacturing
the electric vehicle. These are selected because they can provide complete information about the
electric vehicle in logistics activities that is their effects and what types of benefits it can provide
to the companies through adopting electric vehicle in logistics activities. Furthermore, the study
will also include industry representative because it provide overall comparison of the electric
vehicle with the conventional vehicle and describe the purpose through which it is considered
more appropriate to use electric vehicle.
The logistics and transportation companies in included in the study because focused topic that is
role of electric vehicle in logistics management and unclear as well as unfocused topic will be
excluded from the study. Furthermore, the peer review journal articles which are published in
current year will be included and online website will be excluded from the research. The
employees and representative who all are in the logistics and Transportation Company is
included, the other employees who all work in companies of other industry will be excluded. The
sample is recruited through taking survey and through conducting interview. In the survey the
questionnaire is distributed via E-mail and in interview sample is recruited through contracting
personally with the representative of logistics and transportation industry. Furthermore, simple
random sampling method is used to involve each respondent which could be interested in
providing the information about the objective of research.

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Description of Materials
Materials in Tests
The responses of the respondents will be put in the Excel software with the questions in which
all the response of respondents for different questions will be described. Further, the questions in
which the relation is to be known will be put in the SPSS software for analysis so that
experimentation will be done to understand the relationship between the variables. For
understanding the impact of electric vehicle on the transportation system, the correlation analysis
test will be applied. It is because this supports in providing adequate information about the
subject matter and reveal the information about the hypothesis statement. In this, the results
received the information that whether null hypothesis is accepted or rejected.
Materials and measures in Surveys
The questions and variables which is used in developing the questions will be used that is for the
present study variables such as electric vehicle and logistics management will be used, which is
further, explored and questions will be developed through focusing on “importance of electric
vehicle”, “application of electric vehicle in logistics management”, “reasons of using electric
vehicle” in NSW. Furthermore, the questions will be asked through demographic information in
which the experience of workers in the transportation and logistics activities will also asked. The
examples of questions which will be asked in the surveys from the respondents includes:-
“What are the reasons of using electric vehicle in companies?”
 Sustainability
 Operational improvement
 Strategy implementation
 Other reasons
“Does the electric vehicle reduce environmental affects through performing logistics
activities?”
 Yes
 No

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“Does electric vehicle in logistics and transportation activities supports in solving issue in
comparison to conventional vehicle?”
 Environmental-related issue
 Operational problem
 Strategy planning
Questions in Semi-structured interview
The questions which will be used in conducting the interview from the representatives of
logistics and transportation industry includes:-
 Does electric vehicle provide more benefit in conducting the operations in comparison to
conventional vehicle?
 Whether the electric vehicle which is used for transporting the goods is sustainable?
 Does electric vehicle can be cost effective in NSW while adopting it in conducting
logistics activities?
 What strategies and policies you used in the current competitive environment for
supplying the products?
 What type of issues and challenges which you faced in performing logistics activities?
 Why electric vehicle is more environmental-friendly and can be more beneficial in
logistics management?
 What are the advantages of electric vehicle for proper management of functions?
 Does there is effect of electric vehicle on the transportation management system in
Sydney?
Materials and measure to describe Findings
The findings of the study will be revealed through tabulation format that is various charts and
tables will be formed for describing the each response of each respondent for different questions.
This supports in providing adequate information and through this answers of each question will
be easily understood.

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Data Analysis
The research proposal describes that present research will use quantitative and qualitative
analysis approach for analyzing the results of the study. In the quantitative analysis, the results of
the study is evaluated through using testing method that is correlation analysis method is used to
get the final results of the study about the electric vehicle and logistics management. This helps
in giving more information about the application electric vehicle in transportation management.
It support in giving more information about the subject matter and supports in achieving the
objective of conducting the research. In these analysis respondents gets involved in giving their
opinion about the subject matter.
The qualitative analysis method is used to analyze the information which is gathered through the
interview of the “logistics and transportation industry representative”. In this it provide response
of the respondents towards the reasons of using electric vehicle and the benefits it provide to the
company in relation to preventing environmental issues, operations issue and developing and
implementing strategies of performing the logistics activities so that transportation, distribution
and other activities conduct in efficient manner. Through which the answer of the question will
be received.
Ethical Issues
Informed consent will be one of the issues in conducting the study because it is challenge to
knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently give their consent to participate in the study. In this the
whole objective, their role in the study and time period in which the study is conducted is
described. The other challenge will be the beneficence in which the participants of the study will
not be harmed in any way by following some principles. Therefore, it is become challenge to
determine the beneficence in which the participants cannot be harmed due to diversity of the
respondents and the different participants has diverse attitudes and behavior.
The confidentiality of the issue is also the problem which is faced in the study it is because the
respondents provide information by signing the informed consent that the information provided
by them will be kept private. Therefore, it becomes the challenge to manage the responses of
respondents and at the same time to focus on the objective of the study. Further, the following
the principle of openness and carefulness is also the ethical issue which is also become the

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challenge and difficult to manage because there are various information from which the
appropriate data related to the objective has to select. Therefore, it is also the ethical issue to
valid and information in the articles which are ethically proven and maintain validity in the
study.
References

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Cano, Z.P., Banham, D. & Chen, Z., 2018. Batteries and fuel cells for emerging electric vehicle
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