Electrical and Electronics Principles: Circuit Theory Assignment

This assignment solution provides a comprehensive overview of electrical and electronics principles. It begins with the foundational concepts of Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Laws, including their statements and circuit diagrams. The document then explores sinusoidal sources, AC resistance, and impedance, followed by a discussion of AC capacitance and capacitive reactance. It also covers semiconductor devices, including diodes, transistors, and sensors, detailing their applications. The assignment further differentiates between digital and analog devices, providing examples of their applications. References to relevant literature are also included, providing a solid foundation for understanding the core concepts of electrical circuit theory and semiconductor devices.

Electrical and Electronics
Principles

Principles of Circuit Theory
 Ohm’s Law
 Kirchhoff’s Law

Ohm’s Law statement
According to Ohm the electric current is
directly proportional to the voltage of
the source and is inversely proportional
to the resistance provided by the
medium1.1.“Georg Ohm". 2015. Physics Today. doi:10.1063/pt.5.030920.

Ohm’s Law
 According to the Ohm’s law
V=IR; where v stands for voltage, I stands for impedance and R
stands for resistance.
Ohm’s law circuit diagram
The Ammeter is connected in series with the Battery and the resistor.
The current is passed through the externally connected multi meter and
then the measurement of voltage, resistance and impedance is done
with the help of the Ohm’s law and modulating the basic formula of the
Ohm’s law.

Kirchhoff’s Law statements
 Kirchhoff’s Current Law
According to Kirchhoff the amount of current entering into the
node is equivalent to the amount of current flowing out of the
node of the circuit2.
 Kirchhoff’s Voltage law
Kirchhoff stated that the algebraic sum of the voltage in a closed
circuit is 0 or the algebraic sum of thee voltage at the node is 0.
2. (Milovanovic, Gutman and Milovanovic 2015)

Kirchhoff’s Laws
3. (Yang and Klein 2015)
a +b + c + d = e + f a + b +c + d + e + f = 0
Kirchhoff’s Current Law Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Sinusoidal Source
The sinusoidal voltage source produces voltage that varies with respect
to the reference of sin wave with time. The sinusoidal wave produces
current sources that varies with respect to time
4. (Nakadate, Motojima and Tanaka-Nakadate 2014)

AC Resistance
and Impedance
The voltage v is applied
to the resistor R, the
applied voltage will
cause the current. This
flow in current will cause
the voltage to rise and
fall sinusoidally as the
resistance acts as the
load the current and
voltage will both reach
to its peak value.

AC Capacitance
and Capacitive
Reactance
Capacitors store energy
on their plates that are
conductive in nature,
when the capacitor is
connected to the DC
voltage it charges the DC
supply voltage. The
capacitor will keep hold
of the charge for the time
that voltage supply is
present. The current
flows in the capacitor at
the rate that is equal to
the rate of change of

Semi conductor
A substance that can conduct electricity under certain circumstances.
The ability to conduct electricity in preferable conditions embarks the
element to be a semi conductor element. The conductance of the
substance varies with respect to the applied current or the applied
voltage transposed on the control electrode.
4. ("Dry Vacuum Model For Semi-Conductor Industry" 2017)

Range of Semi conductor device
 Diode
 Transistors
 Sensors

Diode
 Diode is the simplest semiconductor component which performs the
functions that are related to the similar purpose of managing
direction of flow of the electric current.
 Application of diodes: -
1. Rectifying AC voltage into DC voltage.
2. Differentiating between the signals and the supply.
3. Evaluating the size of the signal.
4. Collaborating signals