Science in Building Services Engineering Dissertation Proposal Report

This dissertation proposal investigates the future of electrical power utilization in building services engineering. It explores the potential of new distribution standards like 380V and 580V systems, highlighting their advantages over existing AC systems. The report delves into three key technology trends: electrification, decentralization, and digitalization, and their impact on the electric industry. The aim is to identify the best technologies for future building services, with objectives including understanding DC microgrids, large-scale battery systems, and wireless charging. The proposal discusses electric springs for DC microgrids, which stabilize voltage, and the use of large-scale battery systems for energy storage and load sharing. It also covers wireless charging in parking areas. The rationale emphasizes the need for optimal electrical power systems. The study's significance lies in helping engineers implement the right technologies for future building services, with a time plan outlining the project's stages, from topic selection to final submission.

SCIENCE IN BUILDING SERVICES
ENGINEERING

TABLE OF CONTENTS
DISSERTATION PROPOSAL.......................................................................................................1
Background..................................................................................................................................1
Aim and Objectives.....................................................................................................................1
Rationale of study........................................................................................................................3
Significance of study...................................................................................................................3
Time plan.....................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

DISSERTATION PROPOSAL
Background
There are number of proposal to the industry or building services which can adopt new
distribution standard based around 380 V or 580 V which have some advantages over existing
AC system (Yang, Tan and Hui, 2018).
Utilization of the electric power for building services in the coming future:
In the future, there are three technology trends which will bring disturbance to the electric
industry i.e. electrification, decentralization and digitalization which will affect grid and behind-
the-meter economics differently depending on their path of adoption (Wang and et.al., 2018).
Aim and Objectives
Aim
“To identify utilization of electrical power for building service in coming future and find
technologies that should be used by engineers for building services in coming future”.
Objectives
 To understand concept of electric spring for DC micro grid
 To explain mechanism of large scale of battery system
 To discuss wireless Charging in parking
Transformers are helpful in developing link between load and supply system. If efficiency of
transformer is not accurate then it will impact on the performance and aging of power system.
500V system would be more suitable for the building in the future as resistor RMS voltage
would be relative small thus, loss of energy through this resistor would be comparatively low as
compare to380V. It would be beneficial in producing balanced voltage drops thus electrical
transmission loss would be less. In the big buildings electricity is transmitted through switchgear,
such kinds of switchgear are helpful in distributing electricity safely in all houses. These relevant
switchgears make the 580V power transfer safe and secure for the system.
1 Electric spring for DC micro grid:
The micro grid is the small size grid which is directly connected to the source of the DC
power. This small size grid is used to distribute the DC power to small size area. This grid is
consists of the rectification device to get the pure DC to the storage batteries. The batteries used
in the micro grid have high storage and high storage capacity to provide the continuous supply to
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the users. This grid is consists of the devices which are used to make the supply constant to the
users with the rectification.
DC micro grid system are essential for the upcoming future to maintain or host the
renewable generations and electronic loads. The benefits are reduction in storage capacity and
increases the lifetime of the battery. Generally, 580 V DC is preferred over 380 V in building
services because renewable sources like photovoltaic and wind generators have DC-current
outputs or DC link voltage + inverter to meet the demands of energy.
It is responsible for losses, costs, and size of power supply. The supply voltage of DC
grid can influence on the losses. (Resch and et.al., 2017). The voltage level 380 V DC is
applicable for lighting appliances as well as to run the power supply in data centres.
The electrical spring is used in the DC micro grid to stabilize the voltage between the
source and user. This spring reduces the AC component from the supply which are occurred due
external devices and AC components (Sun and et.al., 2017). The work of the electrical Spring is
to minimize the disturbance from the DC supply. This is used for quality management of the DC
supply. This electrical spring works same as the mechanical spring. The devices which requires
more precise supply are used with electrical spring to provide the DC supply with precision.
large scale of battery system
Batteries are combination of electrochemical cells that are used for storing energy. Here,
there is a technology to use battery system on a large scale. Batteries can be connected either in
series or parallel connection to maintain and improve voltage level. To boost up voltage level,
batteries are connected in series connection (Shibata and et.al., 2018).
For the future purpose, battery system technology is very useful for a building services to
have electric power storage at any time of any season. Solar energy system is used for charging
batteries. Solar panels are installed on the roof of building. Solar panel is also a combination of
many cells and each cell has a capacity of approx. 0.42V only. It means that 22 cells are needed
to produce 48V. Solar panels are also designed in different sizes. It is also evaluated that DC
system has frequency of 0Hz which involved high risks for human life. So, its better to use
limited voltage level i.e., 380V (Littrell, General Electric Co, 2016).
During summer season, batteries are charged to full level so that energy can be used at
the time of winter season too. It is helpful in meeting demands at time of emergency case like
blackout. Battery System on large scale can be utilized for load sharing for other distribution
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units too. This system is used to save energy in advanced level to meet future demands ( UK’s
first football stadium battery at Arsenal’s Emirates, 2019).
Wireless Charging in parking
The wireless charging is performed by the principle of the mutual induction. One primary
coil is connected to the electrical supply. This coil is mounted on the floor of the parking and this
primary coil get energised when it is provided with the electrical supply. By the principal of
mutual induction the coil mounted in the car will energise by the primary coil when it comes in
the range of magnetic field emits by the coil mounted on the floor (Littrell, General Electric Co,
2016). This technology is known as wireless technology and this can be used in the parking of
the building proposed. This facility can easily work at 380v by using some electrical devices.
This is cost effective and provide the function of mobility.
Rationale of study
The main reason of conducting this study on utilisation of electrical power is to
understand the best mechanism through which engineers can develop a correct electric power
system in the future, Furthermore, this is interesting topic and scholar belong from the same
educational background thus, this topic has been selected by the scholar.
Significance of study
This study will be helpful in knowing effectiveness of 500V and 380V DC power. Furth
more, it will help engineer in implementing right technology that may help in building service in
the future.
Time plan
Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7
Topic selection
Framing aim &
objectives
Data collection to
improve
understanding about
electrical power
Selection of samples
and sample size
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Data analyses
Conclusion &
Recommendations
Edition asper
requirements and final
submission
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Littrell, N. B., General Electric Co, 2016. System and method for electric vehicle charging and
billing using a wireless vehicle communication service. U.S. Patent 9,505,317.
Resch, M. and et.al., 2017. Impact of operation strategies of large scale battery systems on
distribution grid planning in Germany. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 74.
pp.1042-1063.
Shibata, T. and et.al., 2018. Demonstration project of large-scale storage battery system at
Minami-Hayakita substation-Evaluation of the 60MWh vanadium flow battery system
performance. In Grand Renewable Energy proceedings Japan council for Renewable
Energy (p. 283). Japan Council for Renewable Energy.
Sun, H. and et.al., 2017. Guest Editorial: Special Issue: Smart Grid Voltage Control. IET
Generation, Transmission and Distribution. 11(15). pp.3655-3656.
Wang, M. H. and et.al., 2018. Multifunctional DC electric springs for improving voltage quality
of DC grids. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. 9(3). pp.2248-2258.
Yang, Y., Tan, S. C. and Hui, S. Y. R., 2018. Mitigating distribution power loss of DC
microgrids with DC electric springs. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. 9(6). pp.5897-
5906.
Online
UK’s first football stadium battery at Arsenal’s Emirates. 2019.[Online]. Available through <
https://www.energy-storage.news/news/uks-first-football-stadium-battery-finds-a-home-
at-arsenals-emirates-ground >
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