Electrical Engineering Assignment 1: Solutions and Analysis

This document provides comprehensive solutions to an Electrical Engineering assignment. The assignment covers various topics, including modeling a pizza ordering system using layered models, depicting communication between French and Chinese prime ministers with translators, analyzing waveforms to determine amplitude, frequency, time period, and phase angle, and solving equations to derive waveform characteristics. It also includes calculations related to data transmission rates, signal bandwidth, channel capacity, isotropic free space loss, and bandwidth determination using Fourier transforms. Furthermore, the assignment explores the Nyquist criteria, compares packet switching and circuit switching, and analyzes line-of-sight communication systems. The solutions provide detailed explanations and calculations for each problem, offering a thorough understanding of the concepts involved.

1)
Considering the following figure 1, it shows the ordering of pizza.
a)
The guest has found a telephone number from the website and dilled it. Now, the pizza centre
host lifts the call and start a conversation between guest and host.
b)
Now, the guest has recommended for pizza menu, the host explains about pizza in telephone, the
guest select favourite pizza and place the order.
c)
Now, the host takes details of the address telephone number. Now host tells about payment
option including online payment and cash on delivery.
d)
Now, the guest chooses as a payment option like cash on delivery.
e)
now, the host had given all the order details to order clerk. The order clerk passes the
information to a pizza cook.
f)
Now, pizza cook prepares delicious pizza, this prepares pizza to send to order clerk for packing.
g)
now, order clerk clear attached all details of address and payment receipt. Now delivering boy
come and pick the order from pizza centre.
The delivery boy can be delivered at the specified address and collect cash from the guest.
2)
Considering the following figure 2, it shows a conversation between the French and the Chinese
prime ministers.

The French and the Chinese prime ministers are speaking to each other through their translator.
The French prime ministers speak with Chinese prime ministers, the first french prime ministers
send message details to Chinese translator. The Chinese translator changes into the language
from Chinese to French language and sends this message to Chinese prime ministers through a
telephone line.
The French translators pass the message signal to the Chinese translator through the telephone
line.
3)
Considering Figure 3a, it represents x-axis has time and y-axis has magnitude.
Figure 3a
Determine the waveform amplitude, time period, phase angle and frequency.
Considering Figure 3b, it represents x-axis has time and y-axis has magnitude.
Figure 3b

Determine the waveform amplitude, time period, phase angle and frequency.
Considering Figure 3b, it represents x-axis has time and y-axis has magnitude.
Figure 3c
Determine the waveform amplitude, time period, phase angle and frequency.
4)
a) Considering the figure 4a, it represents a mathematical equation.
The following waveform is drawn from this above equation.

Determine the amplitude, frequency, time period and phase angle from the equation.
b)
Considering the figure 4a, it represents the mathematical equation.
The following waveforms are drawn from this above equation.
Determine the amplitude, frequency, time period and phase angle from the equation.

c)
Considering the figure 4a, it represents the mathematical equation.
Determine the amplitude, frequency, time period and phase angle from the equation.
d)
Considering the figure 4a, it represents a mathematical equation.

Determine the amplitude, frequency, time period and phase angle from the equation.
5)
a)
Considering the given data.
Considering the source that uses matrix
The pixels contains 32 intensity value.
The number of pixel 30 sends per second.
Considering the pixel has taken intensity values. Hence each pixel can represent the bits/sec.
Determine the bits/sec.
Hence, therefore the resultant value of bits/sec
b)
Considering the signal frequency as shown below.

The Signal has noise to signal ratio=
Determine the signal bandwidth channel capacity.
Hence, therefore the signal bandwidth channel capacity has
6)
The following data of isotropic free pace synchronous satellite has given below.
The frequency signal
The shortest path for synchronous satellite
Compute the isotropic free space loss of the synchronous satellite,
7)
a)
Considering the following equation as shown below.
Now, the equation represents the following way as shown below.

Let, the following equation has represented, therefore, the given signal has .
Hence, the signal has a fundamental frequency of 100Hz.
Now, consider the following equation as shown below.
Now, we applying Fourier transform on both sides, we get.
Determine the bandwidth from the above equation.
b)
Considering Nyquist criteria by using of
The Nyquist criteria equation has shown below.
The signal bandwidth has 400Hz
The signal has a number of levels L.
Let, we consider ,
Let, we consider ,
Let, we consider ,

8)
The Nyquist theorem has a mathematical equation. It has shown below.
Therefore, we get.
The bandwidth can represent as “BW”
The signal level can represent as “L”
The bit rate has defined as the rate of bits transmitted per second bits/sec.
The Nyquist equation has defined as bandwidth has a constant or fixed value.
Therefore, the number of signal levels is directly proportional to the bits per rate.
DISADVANTAGES:
The main disadvantage approach of these Nyquist criteria has increased level of signal than
reduced the reliability of the system decreases.
9)
Packet switching virtual circuit Circuit switching
1) The packet switching has small
switching nodes.
2) The Packet switching virtual
circuit has a dynamic use of
bandwidth.
3) The Packet switching does have
overhead bits in each packet.
4) The packet switching has data
communication
1) The circuit switching has
electromechanical switching
nodes.
2) The circuit switching has a
fixed bandwidth.
3) The Circuit switching does not
have overhead bits after call
setup.
4) Circuit switching has used for
voice communication.
ADVANTAGES OF PACKET SWITCHING VIRTUAL OVER CIRCUIT SWITCHING:
1)

The packet switching virtual circuit does not require secondary memory, hence the cost of has
minimized. Therefore the packet switching virtual circuit has effective efficiency.
2)
The packet switching virtual circuit has allowed to equally sharing bandwidth resource but
switching circuit does not share equal bandwidth.
3)
The packet switching virtual circuit has reliable communication.
4
The packet switching virtual circuit has efficient for data transmitter. It does not require for the
path.
10)
The LOS communication system as shown in figure 10.
The receiver and transmitter antenna communicated with each other by a line of sight at
maximum.
Considering the mathematical expression,
Therefore,
Considering the transmitter antenna has twice the receiver antenna. It has shown in the below
equation.

Now, we take as distance d=40km, this distance value has put into the above equation, we get.
If we consider the height of the receiver antenna is and another antenna of the
transmitter has height is