Electrical Engineering Assignment Solution - Communication Systems

This Electrical Engineering assignment solution covers a range of topics including the analysis of communication systems, signal processing, and network concepts. The solution begins with case studies on ordering pizza and French-Chinese conversations, illustrating communication processes. It then delves into signal analysis, determining the amplitude, frequency, time period, and phase angle of sinusoidal waveforms. Mathematical expressions are evaluated and derived, followed by calculations involving data rates, channel capacity, and free space loss. The assignment also explores fundamental frequency spectrum analysis and the application of the Nyquist criteria. Finally, it compares packet switching and circuit switching, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, particularly in virtual circuit applications. The document provides detailed explanations and calculations throughout, offering a comprehensive understanding of the concepts.

1)
Consider the following “ordering pizza” as shown in below figure 1.
ORDERING OF PIZZA:
The guest has called to the pizza service centre. The guest has requested for pizza menu. The
host has given explain to the guest about the pizza menu according to size and price. The guest
has selected his favorite pizza and
Make to place an order.
Now, the host took an order form guest. The host took the address and telephone number form
guest. The host connects the telephone to the pizza centre and makes to speak with an order
clerk.
The host gives the order to order clerk. Now the order clerk gives instruction to pizza cook,
therefore pizza cook prepares for hot pizza.
Now, the pizza cook gives hot pizza to order clerk for box packing. The order clerk attached
payment receipt and address details to the packed pizza box. Therefore, the delivery van comes
and picks pizza from pizza centre and give a specified location and collect cash form guest.
2)
Consider the following “the French and Chinese conversation” as shown in below figure 1.
When the Chinese prime ministers speak with French translators, the translators will translate
into Chinese to French language and conversation start with the Chinese and French prime
ministers. This conversion process has going on a telephone line, both the prime ministers have a
translator who can understand both languages. This communication process had on the
telephone line.

The French prime ministers speak with the Chinese prime ministers. The French prime ministers
speak with a translator and the translator sends information to the Chinese prime ministers and
vice versa. This complete process had on the telephone line. Hence, both prime ministers speak
one another by media of telephone and translator.
3)
The following sinusoidal waveform signal as shown in figure 3a.
Figure 3a
Determine the amplitude, frequency, time period and phase angle of the waveform.
The following sinusoidal waveform signal as shown in figure 3b.
Figure 3b

Determine the amplitude, frequency, time period and phase angle of the waveform.
The following sinusoidal waveform signal as shown in figure 3c.
Figure 3c
Determine the amplitude, frequency, time period and phase angle of the waveform.

4)
a)
The following mathematical expression has shown in figure 4a.
Therefore, we get.
The following expression has derived from mathematical expression.
b)
The following mathematical expression has shown in figure 4b.

The following expression has derived from mathematical expression.
C)
The following mathematical expression has shown in figure 4c.
The following expression has derived from mathematical expression.
d) The following mathematical expression has shown in figure 4d.

The following expression has derived from mathematical expression.
5)
a)
The data has given below.
The picture has a number of pixels
The pixels sent per second
The intensity values of pixels. Hence each pixel can represent the bits/sec.
Calculate the bits/sec.
Hence, therefore the source rate or bits per seconds
b)
The transmitted channel data has given below.
Signal to signal noise ratio=
Calculate the channel capacity.

Hence, therefore the channel capacity has
6)
The following isotropic free space data has given below.
The Frequency of free isotropic
The Shortest path
Calculate the isotropic free space loss. Let us get it.
7)
a)
The following fundamental frequency spectrum data has given below.
Now, we can write the above equation (1)
Now, we consider the following signal has periodic.
Therefore, the given signal can represent as .
Hence, therefore fundamental frequency is 100Hz.
Now, we can write the equation
Now, we applied Fourier transform into the above equation (1), we get.
Calculate the bandwidth.
b)
Calculate the channel capacity of Nyquist criteria by using of

Bandwidth=400Hz
Therefore, L=number of levels.
Consider ,
Consider ,
Consider ,
8)
The following mathematical equation has shown below.
Therefore, we consider as equation (1)
The bandwidth has indicated” BW”
The signal level has indicates”
The Bitrate has defined as data has terminated bits/sec.
In the following mathematical equation has defined as bandwidth of the channel is constant.
Hence, therefore, bits per rate are directly proportional to the number of signal levels.
The Nyquist rate does not have the correct sampling signal. It is applicable only for theoretical
calculation.

DISADVANTAGES:
1) It has to oversample with over raging to get high precession.
2) It has a high complexity
3) It has a high cost
4) It has oversampling when takes more time, therefore system speed becomes slow down.
5) It has additional noise
6) It has the Highest power consumption
9)
Packet switching virtual circuit Circuit switching
1) It has small switching nodes.
2) It has a dynamic use of
bandwidth.
3) Packet switching does have
overhead bits in each packet.
4) The packet switching has speed
code conversion.
5) The packet switching has stored
until it delivers.
6) It does not have a dedicated
path.
7) It has delayed in call setup as
well as packet transmission.
1) It has electromechanical
switching nodes.
2) It has a fixed bandwidth.
3) Circuit switching does not have
overhead bits after call setup.
4) The circuit switching does not
have speed code conversion.
5) Circuit switching has stored the
message.
6) It has a dedicated path.
7) It has a call setup delay.
ADVANTAGES OF PACKET SWITCHING VIRTUAL OVER CIRCUIT SWITCHING:
1)
The circuit switching has only one data stream and one conversation, but the packet switching
virtual circuit has multiple numbers of data and conversations.
2)

The packet switching has allowed to equally sharing bandwidth resource but switching circuit
does not share equal bandwidth.
3)
The packet switching has a maximum length and it has stored in main memory itself. This can
reduce time delay rather than circuit switching.
4
The packet switching has widely used for video and voice call.
Example: Google Talk, Skype, What's app etc.
10)
The following height of the transmitter and receiver antenna has shown in figure -10.
The transmitter antenna communicates with receiver antenna at the line of sight distance with
maximum has shown in below mathematical expression.
Let us consider.
Therefore, the height of one antenna has twice another antenna.

Let, we take as d=40km.
If we take as the transmitter antenna is and another antenna of the receiver has
height is