Report on Transmission and Generation: Electrical Wiring Methods

This report provides a detailed overview of electrical wiring methods used in transmission and generation systems. It begins with an introduction to wiring as a process for distributing electrical energy, followed by an examination of two primary wiring methods: the joint box system and the looping system, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages. The report then delves into various types of wiring, including cleat wiring, capping and casing wiring, batten wiring (TRS or CTS), and concealed conduit wiring, detailing their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. A comparative analysis of these wiring systems is presented, considering factors such as cost, durability, safety, and suitability for different applications. The report concludes by summarizing the key considerations in selecting appropriate wiring methods for electrical systems.

Running head: TRANSMISSION AND GENERATION
TRANSMISSION AND GENERATION
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................3
2. Methods of electrical system wiring...................................................................................3
3. Types of Wiring..................................................................................................................5
3.1 Cleat wiring......................................................................................................................5
3.2 Capping and casing wiring...............................................................................................6
3.3 Batten Wiring (TRS or CTS)...........................................................................................7
3.4 Concealed conduit wiring................................................................................................8
4. Comparison between different wiring systems.................................................................10
5. Conclusion........................................................................................................................12
6. References.........................................................................................................................13

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1. Introduction
The concept of wiring can be considered as a process which is related to the
connection of various accessories for the purpose of distribution of the electrical energy from
the meter board of the supplier to different appliances of the home. The main appliance which
can be taken into consideration are the fans, lamps and other domestic appliances. There are
many types of wiring method which can be implemented according to the need and
specification of the area of the wiring (Pavlidis, Savidis & Friedman, 2017). It can be stated
here that it is the role of the technical people to get into the aspect of which wiring would be
beneficial for the working and in which particular condition.
The main focus point of the report is to take into consideration the different aspects
which are related to the concept of the different wiring methods which can be used. The
major advantage and the disadvantage in this concept are also discussed and the area of
implementation can also be taken into consideration in the report.
2. Methods of electrical system wiring
There are basically two types of wiring methods which can be used taking into
consideration buildings. The two types are discussed below:
 Joint box system or tee system
In this type of wiring method the connection to the appliance are mainly done with the
help of joints. These type of joints are made in joint boxes with the help of suitable
connectors or joint cutouts. The main advantage which can be stated with regards to this type
of wiring method is that it does not consume too much of cable size. In most of the cases it is
thought that since the method consume less amount of wiring it is relatively cheap. It can be
stated that it is of course but the money which is saved form the concept of wiring will be

4TRANSMISSION AND GENERATION
used in the buying of the joint boxes, thus the money which is spend in the overall process
would be equal. The method can be used for the purpose of installation which is temporary
and considered very much cheap (Weste & Harris, 2015).
 Looping system or Loop in
The method which is related the looping system or the loop in can be considered as a
universal system of wiring. Lamp and other types of appliances are easily connected in a
parallel manner so that each of the appliance can be individually controlled. When a
connection is required at a switch or a light, the feed conductor is directly looped in by means
of bringing it directly to the terminal and then carrying it forward again to the next point of
fed. The light feed and the switch are carried round the circuit in a series of loop manner from
one point to another point until the last of the circuit is reached. The line conductor or the
phase are looped either in a switch or box and the neutral are looped within into the
switchboard or from the fan or light. The phase or the line should never be directly looped
from the fan or light (Pavlidis, Savidis & Friedman, 2017).
2.1 Advantage of the loop in method of wiring
 In this method money is saved due to the user do not have to invest in buying joint
boxes.
 In the loop system no joints are concealed beneath the floor or in the roof space.
 The detection of the faults are made very easy due to the factor that the points are
made only at outlets so that they are very much easy to access.
2.2 Disadvantage of loop in method of wiring
 The length of the cables and the wire which are required are more and the drop of
voltage and the losses of the copper are therefore more.

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 The system if looping and the concept of lamp holders are very much difficult
(Sundarabalan & Selvi 2014).
3. Types of Wiring
The next point of focus would be on the types of electrical wiring system which can
be used in the building. It can be stated here that the system which is related to the wiring
selection directly depends on the plan and the structure of the building which is being
planning for the installation (Denton, 2017). There are basically five types of internal wiring
which are used stated below:
3.1 Cleat wiring
This type of wiring basically involve PVC (Ploy Vinyl Chloride) or VIR (Vulcanized
Indian Rubber) insulted wires (occasionally weather proof cable and sheathed) braided and
compounded held on the ceiling and the walls by means of porcelain plastic, cleats or wood.
The wiring concept which is related to the cleat wiring system can be considered as a
temporary wiring system (Pavlidis, Savidis & Friedman, 2017). Due to the temporary aspect
of the wiring they are not implemented in the domestic premises. It can be stated here that the
use of cleat wiring system are not used in recent times.
Advantage of cleat wiring
 It can be considered as a cheap and simple wiring system
 It can be used basically for temporal use i.e. under the aspect of army camping and
construction building.
 Due to the concept being cheap it is relatively easy to implemented and use.
 Due to the factor that the wiring is done in open air, the detection of the faults are made
very easy and the mitigation of the faults are very easy.
 The concept of inspection is very easy.

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 The aspect of customization can be considered to be very easy. The customization
basically involve the addition and subtraction of the components.
Disadvantage of cleat wiring
 The appearance of the wiring is not so good.
 The concept of the wiring cannot be used for the purpose of permanent installation due to
the factors that sag may occur after installation.
 It cannot be considered as a lasting wiring system due to the factor of the impact of the
risk of fire, weather effect and wear and tear.
 It can be only used in the aspect of 250/440 volts on low temperature
 The risk which is related to the electric shock and fire always persist in the concept.
 The wiring system cannot be considered as a lasting, sustainable and reliable system.
3.2 Capping and casing wiring
The capping and the casing wiring can be considered to be a very famous process in
the past but in the recent times it is obsolete due to the factor of sheathed and conduit wiring
system. The cables which are used in this type of wiring are mostly PVC or VIR or any types
of cable which are approved cables which are insulted. The cables are basically carried
through a wooden casing enclosures. The material which is used for the purpose of casing is
made of strip of wood with the parallel grooves which is cut length wise so as to
accommodate the VIR cables. The grooves in this concept are made separate polarity which
is opposite. The capping which is also made up of wood is basically used foe the cables and
the wires which are fitted and installed in the casing (Vujović & Maksimović, 2015).
Advantage of casing capping wiring

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 It can be considered as one of the cheapest wiring system when it is compared to the
concept of conduit and sheathed wiring system.
 It is log lasting and strong wiring system.
 In the wiring system the customization can be done very easily.
 If the neutral and the phase wire are installed in separate slots the repairing of the concept
can be very much easy.
 It is safe from the concept of steam, oil, smoke and rain.
 The shock concept is removed due to the factor of covered wires and cables in the
capping and casing (Slade, 2017).
Disadvantage of casing capping wiring
 The issue which is related to the fire exist in the concept of the wiring.
 The connect is not suited for the conditions of alkalizes, acidic and humidity conditions.
 The repairing aspect is very much costly.
 White ants may cause damage to the capping and the casing of the wood.
 The material which are required when an error occurs may be hard to found.
3.3 Batten Wiring (TRS or CTS)
In this type of wiring single core, three core or double core TRS cables are used
which is circular oval shaped cables. Mostly in this concept single core material is preferred.
The TRS cables can be considered as a category of cable which is water proof, chemical
proof, and steam proof but on the other hand it is slightly affected by lubricating oils. The
cable which is related to the TRS that run on well-seasoned and teak wood batten which has a
thickness of 10mm. the cables are directly held on the wooden batten with the help of tinned
brass of link clips which is already fixed in the batten with the brass pins and which are
spaced at an interval of 10 cm for runs which are horizontal and 15cm for vertical runs.

8TRANSMISSION AND GENERATION
Advantage of batten wiring
 The installation of the wiring is very much simple and easy
 Paraphrase is beautiful and good.
 Repairing is very much easy
 Long lasting and strong
 The aspect of leakage of current is removed in the concept.
 The aspect of customization can be done quite easily.
 It is very much cheap when it is compared to other cabling wires (Vujović &
Maksimović, 2015).
Disadvantage of batten wiring
 The wire has a risk of fire attached to it.
 The wire cannot be installed in the condition of chemical affect, humidity, outdoor areas
and open.
 Wires which are heavy cannot be used in the concept of the wiring.
 Need more wires and cables.
 The cabling concept cannot be implemented in wear and tear conditions and weather
effect (the main factors which are taken into consideration are the dust, heat, smoke and
steam).
3.4 Concealed conduit wiring
If the concept of the conduit wiring is made inside the wall slot it is known as
concealed conduit wiring. In order simple form it can be stated that if the electrical wiring is
placed inside the walls, floor or roof with the help of metallic piping is known as concealed
conduit wiring. It can be stated that it is one of the most popular, stronger and beautiful and
very much common method of electrical wiring system which is present in recent times.

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Types
In the concept of concealed conduit wiring there are basically two types involved into
the concept which are metallic conduit and non-metallic conduit.
 Metallic conduits are made of steel which are very much strong and on the other hand it
can be stated to be costly even. There are basically two types of metallic conduits which
are Class A and Class B. The Class A mainly has a low gauge conduit (thin layer sheet of
conduit which is made up of steel) and Class B is mainly high gauge conduit (thick sheet
of steel conduit).
 Nonmetallic conduits can be considered as a on metallic conduit in recent times which are
very much flexible and very easy to perform bend operation (Homans, 2017).
Size
The common conduit pipes are available in different types of sizes which are
generally 13, 16.2, 18.75, 20, 25, 37, 50, 63 in diameter or ½, 5/8, ¾, 1, 1.25, 1.5 and 2 inch
in diameter.
Advantage of conduit wiring systems
 It can be considered one of the most simplest wiring system
 In the concept there is no risk associated with the mechanical wear and tear if the system.
 The aspect of maintaining and repairing is relatively easy.
 The wiring system can be considered to be very much sustainable and long lasting.
 It is safe from the aspect of corrosion or risk related factors (Vujović & Maksimović,
2015).
 According to the future needs the customization can be done very easily.

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 There is no risk associated with electric shock if the factor of grounding and earthing is
done properly.
Disadvantage of conduit wiring systems
 The system of wiring can be considered to be very much expensive due to the factor of
the metallic pipes and PVS, the earthing concept would be applicable in the case of
metallic pipes tee(s) and elbow etc.
 The installation concept can be considered to be difficult and not easy.
 The risk of electric shock (In case of the pipes which are metallic without involvement of
any earthing aspect)
 Very complicated in the aspect of future adding the connections (Lesurf, 2017).
4. Comparison between different wiring systems
The different wiring system are explained clearly. The following tables explains
clearly the different wiring system in a simple and concise manner.
S. No Particular Cleat
Wiring
Casing
Capping
wiring
Batten
wiring
Conduit
wiring
1. Life Short Fairly long Long Very long
2. Possibility of
fire
Nil Good Good Nil
3. Repair Easy Little bit
difficult
Easy Difficult
4. Installation Very easy Difficult Easy Difficult

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5. Protection
from
dampness
None Slightly None Good
6. Cost Low Medium Medium Highest
7. Popularity Nil Fair Nil Very high
8. Mechanical
protection
None Fair None Very good
9. Type of
labor
required
Semi-skilled Highly -
skilled
Semi-skilled highly-
skilled
10. Inspection Easy Easy Easy difficult
11. Size 15, 26, 28,
36, 50 in
diameter
13, 16.2,
18.75, 63 in
diameter or
1, 1.25, 1.5
and 4 inch in
diameter.
13, 16.2, in
diameter or,
¾, 1, 1.25,
1.5 and 4
inch in
diameter.
13, 16.2,
18.75, 20,
25, 37, 50,
63 in
diameter or
½, 5/8, ¾, 1,
1.25, 1.5 and
2 inch in
diameter.

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5. Conclusion
The report can be concluded on a note that there are different types of wire which can
be used according to the need. The different wires have different types of configuration
which is involved into the concept. Each and every wire has a specific specification and
requirement. The main factor which play a role in the installation of the wire the condition in
which they are implemented. Different wires have different types of particular specification
which needs to know before the implementation is directly done. Some of the wires may not
work properly in some sort of environmental condition and alter the overall functionality of
the wire. In most of the cases it should be taken into consideration the different aspects which
are related to the working before the implementation of the wire is done due to the factor that
it would be very much difficult to change the wiring ones the aspect is completed.