In-depth Review: Electrical Wiring Methods, Safety, and Applications

This report provides a detailed overview of various electrical wiring methods used in electrical installations, focusing on factors to consider when choosing a method, such as cost, safety, load, durability, and appearance. It elaborates on the joint box system and loop-in system, followed by a comprehensive discussion of conduit wiring (surface and concealed), cleat wiring, casing and capping wiring, lead sheathed wiring, and batten wiring (CTS or TRS). For each method, the report outlines the advantages and disadvantages, providing insights into their suitability for different applications. Additional wiring methods like cables, raceways, and cable trays are also mentioned, along with a table referencing wiring method codes. The report emphasizes the importance of understanding these methods for safe and effective electrical installations. Desklib offers a wide range of solved assignments and past papers for students seeking further assistance.

ELECTRICAL WIRING METHODS 1
ELECTRICAL WIRING METHODS
Name of Student
Institution Affiliation

ELECTRICAL WIRING METHODS 2
ELECTRICAL WIRING METHODS
INTRODUCTION
Wiring is a method of attaching several fittings for the supplying electrical energy from
dealer’s meter panel to home applications such as fans, lamps and other internal uses.
Electrical installation is the accumulating of electrical apparatus such as lamp holders,
switches and socket outlets for the determination of supply and consumption of electrical
energy. There are factors to be considered when choosing different methods of electrical
wiring (Jeff, 1982).
 Cost of wiring: the method must be cost actual and ought to have a little cost of
maintenance and repair.
 Safety: the wire should be considered to defend the operator and the apparatus from
any dangers which might comprise electrocution, fire and physical injury. If the wire
will be used in places through fire danger, formerly it would have conduit wiring.
 Load: the project of the wire would permit it to grip voltage loads of a convinced
level. the lesser the wire thickness the lesser the weight.
 Durability and permanency: the wiring must be talented to transmission electric
current at extreme equal without always overheating. The wire physical must kind the
creation very long-lasting. Also, the wiring would not deteriorate since experience
too, or extended period properties of fumes, dampness, substances and severe
weather.
 Appearance: the wire and wiring should take a decent beautiful appearance once
connection.

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 Design versatility: should be intended such that it can be promoted, or changed to
encounter the altering obligation of a submission.
However, it therefore advisable to choose the correct wiring system for the cost building since
they are strong, big, permanent and tall. Cost building structures need wiring methods which
are also strong, durable, permanent, attractive, which are expensive since they are the once
which are strong.as compared to a low-cost building which requires cheap wires, cheap
equipment which is not durable and can be easily affected by the change of weather.
The methods named below are used in completing electrical wiring:
1. JOINT BOX SYSTEM OR TEE SYSTEM
This method of wiring is where United is used in the linking to usages. These intersections are
ended in combined boxes through appropriate connectors or combined cut-outs. (Telephone,
2011).
The diagram below is an example of the joint box wiring system.

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2. LOOP-IN OR LOOPING SYSTEM.
This is a common technique castoff in the wiring. Lamps and extra purposes are linked in
corresponding so that each of the applications can remain measured separately. Once a linking
is obligatory at a light or switch. (Rigby, 2013).
Merits of the loop-in method of wiring:
i. It does not need combined boxes so money is protected
ii. There is no dual concealed under floors or in roof universes
iii. Burden setting is completed informal when the facts are made solitary at passages so
that they are reachable.
Drawbacks of the loop- in the method of wiring:
i. Measurement of wire or cables obligatory is extra and voltage drip and copper
losses are consequently extra (Schnabolk, 2011).
ii. Looping –in switches and lamp vessels are frequently challenging.
Forms of internal electrical wiring system typically used are:
 Conduit wiring

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 Cleat wiring
 Casing and Capping wiring
 Lead sheathed or metal sheathed wiring
 CTS or TRS or PVC sheath wiring.
A. CONDUIT WIRING
This is wherever steel pipes recognised as conduits are connected on the superficial of
walls by means of shallow hooks or suppressed in walls beneath plaster and VIR or
PVC cables are subsequently haggard by means of a GI wire of size of about
18WG.inm. It is specialized means of wiring a building (Joshi, 2008).Practice growth
fixtures once the extent of the conduit might enlarge or diminish by ¼ inch or extra
(Salinda, 2000).
The mentioned are two extra type of wiring rendering to pipe connexion
1. Surface conduit wiring
2. Concealed conduit wiring
1.1 Surface conduit wiring:
This is once conduit is fitted on roof or wall, hovels are finished on the superficial of the wall on
equivalent reserve and conduit is connected with the assistance of renal masses.
1.2 concealed conduit wiring:
This is once the conduit is concealed confidential the wall holes with the assistance of covering, in
extra words, the electrical wiring system confidential wall, roof or floor with the aid of elastic or
metallic piping is called concealed wiring (Technology, 2015).it is the greatest common, attractive,
sturdier and shared electrical wiring method currently.

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Types of conduit
 The metallic conduit which is complete of steel which is actual robust nevertheless expensive
also. The two types of metallic conduits, namely:
o class A conduit: stumpy device conduit (tinny coating sheet conduit)
o class B conduit: great device conduit (dense piece of strengthening conduit)
 non-metallic conduit (Engineering, 1982). This is wherever a hard PVC conduit is castoff as
non- metallic conduit which is elastic and relaxed to curve. The shared conduit tubes are
obtainable in dissimilar sizes amiably,13, 16.2, 18.75, 20, 25, 37, 50 and 63 mm or ½, 5/8, ¾,
1, 1.25, 1.5 and 2 inch in thickness.
ADVANTAGES OF CONDUIT WIRING SYSTEMS
i. Mending and maintenance are relaxed.
ii. It is the harmless wiring system i.e. concealed conduit wiring.
iii. The look is actually attractive similar the situation of hidden conduit wiring.
iv. Nearby is no danger of harm the cables fitting.
v. No danger of powered wear & tear and fire in a situation of metallic tubes.
vi. Appropriate and extended permanent wiring system (Bosela, 2003).

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vii. It is harmless from weathering and danger of fire.
viii. No risk of electrical tremor in a situation of correct earthing and base of metallic
pipes.
ix. It is dependable and current wiring system.
x. Customization can be effortlessly completed rendering to the upcoming desires.
DISADVANTAGES OF CONDUIT WIRING SYSTEMS
i. Precise difficult to accomplish extra joining in the upcoming.
ii. Actual rigid to discovery the faults in wiring.
iii. the connection is not relaxed and humble.
iv. It is luxurious wiring system, due to PVC and metallic piping, extra earthing for metallic
conduit tee and jostles (StanleyGeorge, 2006).
v. The danger of electric tremor in a situation of steel tubes deprived of the appropriate
earthing system.
B. CLEAT WIRING
Cleat system includes of normal VIR or PVC sequestered wires plaited and
compounded seized on walls or ceilings by means of ceramic cleats, flexible or
wood.it is a provisional wiring system consequently it is not appropriate for internal
buildings.

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MERITS OF CLEAT WIRING
i. It is low-priced and humble wiring system.
ii. appropriate for provisional practice particularly below building construction or army
camping.
iii. A connection is relaxed and modest.
iv. A review is relaxed and humble.
v. As cables and wire cleat equipping system is in the exposed air, consequently burdens in the
cables can be realized and overhaul simply (Contructors, 2008).
vi. Modification and extra can be simply completed.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLEAT WRING SYSTEM

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i. The look is not so decent.
ii. It cannot be castoff in everlasting use since drop might happen subsequently former
of the practice.
iii. The wiring and the cables are in the exposed air, subsequently, oil, steam, humidity,
smoke, rain, chemical and acidic disturb might destruction the cables and wires.
iv. It is not permanent wire sense of the climate result, a danger of fire and wears & tear.
v. There is continuously a danger of fire and electric tremor.
vi. It can’t be castoff in significant and delicate positions and places.
vii. It is not durable, consistent and bearable wiring system.
viii. It can be solitary castoff on 250/440 volts on little temperature.
C. CASING AND CAPPING WIRING
Casing and capping wiring system remained well-known in the ancient nevertheless it is
considered out-dated these days since of the conduit and sheathed wiring system (Loyd,
1993). The cables castoff here remained also VIR or PVC or slightly additional accepted
shielded cables. The cables were approved over the wooden casing attachments. The casing
is completed up of a band of wood with equivalent channels censored span astute so as to
accommodate VIR cables. The channels remained ended to a distinct differing division. The
capping which is similarly made of wood remained castoff to protection the wire and the
cables connected and fitted in the casting.

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MERITS OF CASING AND CAPPING
i. Durability and long-lasting.
ii. It is inexpensive as associated with sheath and conduit.
iii. Customization can be simply ended in this kind of wiring system.
iv. If point and the unbiased wire is connected in distinct holes, then mending is relaxed.
v. No danger of electric tremor due to enclosed wires and cables (Horner, 1986).
vi. It breaks harmless from oil, steam, smoke, and rain.
vii. It stays extensive time on the ground due to the sturdy connection.
DISADVANTAGES OF CAPPING WIRING
i. Expensive mending and essential extra resources.
ii. There is the high danger of fire.
iii. Not appropriate in the acidic, alkalis and moisture situations.
iv. Resources can’t be originating simply in the current.
v. White ants might harm the casing and capping of wood.
D. LEAD SHEATHED WIRING
This kind of wiring is where electrode that is shielded with VIR and protected with a surface
sheath of the lead aluminium alloy comprising about 95% of lead is engaged. The metal

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sheath assumed guard cables after mechanical harm, humidity, and distinctive oxidization.
The entire main covering is completed electrically incessant and is linked to earth at the
power point of access to guard alongside electrolytic deed due to dripping current and to
offer wellbeing in the situation the sheath develops active (Kohli, 1983). The cables can
course on a woody batten and static by resources of connection pins just as in TRS wiring.
E. BATTEN WIRING (CTS or TRS).
Sole central, dual central or three central TRS cables by a rounded elliptical figure cable are
used in this generous of wiring nevertheless typically sole central is favored.TRS cables are
chemical resistant, water resistant, vapour resistant, nevertheless are somewhat
exaggerated through lubricating oil. The TRS cables remain run on well-seasoned besides
conventional teak wood batten through at minimum a chunkiness of 10mm (Smmons, 2017).
The cables stay detained on the wooden batten via means of tinned brass connexion
fasteners previously static on the batten by brass pinches then spread out at an intermission
of 10 centimetres for straight turns and 15 centimetres for perpendicular turns.

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ADVANTAGES OF BATTEN WIRING
i. Renovating is relaxed.
ii. Sturdy and extensive durable.
iii. Wiring connection is humble and relaxed.
iv. Economical as associated with added electrical wiring system.
v. The restatement is decent plus attractive.
vi. fewer chance of outflow current.
vii. customization can be simply completed.
DISADVANTAGES OF BATTEN WIRING
i. substantial wires can’t be used in wiring system of the batten.
ii. It cannot be connected to the moisture, chemical effects, exposed besides outside
ranges (Collins, 2017).