System Design and Engineering: Electromagnetic Braking System Report

This report presents a comprehensive analysis of an electromagnetic braking system, focusing on its design and engineering aspects. It begins with an executive summary highlighting the project's goal of enhancing vehicle safety and efficiency through an advanced braking system. The report delves into the introduction, background, and scope of the project, emphasizing the need for improved braking systems to reduce accidents. The conceptual design section outlines the system's architecture, including electrical and mechanical models, and details the system's design and feasibility analysis, discussing operational requirements and maintenance. The report also includes an evaluation of technical performance measures and a system trade-off analysis. The report concludes by summarizing the project's objectives and potential benefits, such as enhanced driver and passenger safety. The electromagnetic braking system is designed to transform kinetic energy into heat energy, ensuring quick and effective vehicle stops. The report underscores the potential of this technology to revolutionize the automotive sector, leading to safer and more reliable vehicles.

Running head: SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENGINEERING: ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM
System Design and Engineering: Electromagnetic Braking System
Name of the student
Name of the University
Author Note

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SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENGINEERING: ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM
Executive Summary
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the aspects of system design and engineering for the
electromagnetic braking system. The proposed project will be helpful in developing a much
effective and secured braking system that will be allowing the travellers to stop the vehicle at
any instance in easy and effective way. This report highlights the need definition and the
possible benefits of the electromagnetic braking system. The conceptual design and related
analysis have been proposed in this report regarding the design and development of an
electromagnetic braking system. The proposed project will be helpful in assuring and
enhancing the security of the travellers using vehicles for transportation and travelling
services. The developed project will be helpful in assuring the security and comfort of the
travellers in efficient and effective manner.

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SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENGINEERING: ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................3
1.1 Background......................................................................................................................3
1.2 Scope................................................................................................................................4
3. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN......................................................................................................5
3.1 Advance System Planning and Architecting....................................................................5
3.2 System Design and Feasibility Analysis..........................................................................6
3.3 System Operational Requirements...................................................................................8
3.4 System Maintenance and Support....................................................................................8
4. EVALUATION......................................................................................................................9
4.1 Technical Performance Measures....................................................................................9
4.2 System Trade off Analysis.............................................................................................10
4.3 Functional Analysis and Allocation...............................................................................10
5. CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................11
6. Bibliography.........................................................................................................................12

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SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENGINEERING: ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM
1. INTRODUCTION
Accidents have been common nowadays in the populated states where the congestion
of the vehicles have led to many accidents and other traffic issues those are leading to capital
and human losses. The technology allowed the vehicles to be faster and steady however, most
of the time brake failures are the reasons of accidents in the real world and thus, attempt can
be driven in enhancing the braking system. The development of the electromagnetic system
will be helpful in enhancing the comfort and the security of the drivers and passengers
travelling on the highways or roads (Lin et al., 2014). The developed braking should be
capable of allowing the drivers to stop the vehicle during emergency system within the short
distances. The purpose of his report is to propose a conceptual design for the electromagnetic
braking system in manner to explain the technical aspects of the project and demonstrate how
its application can be beneficial in enhancing the human lives’ comfort and safety. The
proposed project and research on the electromagnetic braking system will be helpful in
assuring the safety and control over the brakes in manner to make the automobile sector more
advanced and secured and decrease the accident risks to the extent level.
1.1 Background
The rate of the accidents is not a negligible concept for the continuous improvement
and growth of the society and Australian community. NTARK research delivered a research
on the accidents between 2013 and 2015 and presented quantitative data that can demonstrate
that the rate of the accidents have been increased drastically due to many factors and brake
failure or emergency brake failure has been one of the vital risk (Ntark 2015). Following
graph demonstrates the rate of accidents between 2007 and 2013 and their respective rates:

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SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENGINEERING: ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM
Figure 1: accidents due to inappropriate speeds
(Source: Created by Author)
Minimizing the brake failures could be helpful in restricting the accidents rate on the
highways and general roads and thus, the attempt can be driven to develop an
electromagnetic braking system. The proposed project will be based on the general principles
of the retardation techniques and regular brakes application considering the implementation
of the electromagnetic concept in the brakes (Kun and Ren 2016). The brakes should be
capable of producing enough friction that can stop the vehicle from moving and since, the
torque produced by the brakes should be higher than the torque produced in the wheels, high
energy will be extracted and so the developed system should be capable of restoring the
extracted heat. This entire should be completed within a short period in manner to instantly
stop the vehicle with a mechanism of heat absorption.
1.2 Scope
The scope of the project is to propose an effective braking system based on the
electromagnetic principle that can be helpful in stopping the vehicle within a short period and
thus, should be capable enough to store the produced heat and extract it to the environment

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SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENGINEERING: ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM
with same high rate. The scope is to develop a sophisticated braking system that can allow
the drivers to stop the vehicles at the same instance and allow them to drive independently.
The goal of the project is to enhance the security for the individuals travelling via small or
heavy vehicles.
2. PROJECT OBJECTIVES
Following are the objectives for the development and execution of this project:
 To develop an effective and efficient braking system
 To assure the security of the small and heavy vehicles running on the roads and
highways
 To provide comfort to the drivers and the riders
 To implement the electromagnetic principle for producing enough torque and
restricting the vehicle movement
3. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
3.1 Advance System Planning and Architecting
The developed system will be capable of delivering the necessary braking
requirement of the medium and heavy vehicles. Electromagnetic implementation will assure
that the developed torque by the brakes will be high enough that it can cross the torque of the
vehicles (Tripathy, Chandra and Bhargava 2017). The design of the braking system will be
suitable enough to transform the kinetic energy of the wheels into the heat energy (Luo et al.
2017). The basic work of the developed system will be same as that of the traditional brakes
however the operations could be managed using electric as the power source for transmitting
the torque mechanically. The proposed braking system is comprised of two sections including
electrical and mechanical models in manner to develop the mechanical torque electrically and

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SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENGINEERING: ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM
allowing the brakes to function properly (Zhang and Wangping 2013). The general
architecture of the system can be demonstrated in the following figure:
Figure1: General Architecture
(Source: Saadha et al. 2017)
3.2 System Design and Feasibility Analysis
The system design will comprised of two magnet bodies, two electric coils for
building the enough flux that will flow from the magnet body to the two armatures around the
coil. Two teeth have been installed in the output plate and the armature as demonstrated in
the following diagram:

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SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENGINEERING: ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM
Figure 2: Power on Brake Disengaged
(Source: Yang et al. 2016)
Figure 3: Power off – Brake engaged
(Source: Valder et al. 2017)
This proposed design will be efficient and flexible enough to be operated in the oil
and dry medium. This architecture of the braking system could be piloted either on the
magnet body more or outside diameter. The specification of this electromagnetic braking
system can be explained as the following:
 1.4 to 6.5” length; 2.8 to 9.6” diameter
 The static torque developed varies from 20 to 2600 lb-ft
 The bore sizes varies from 1.2 to 5.1”
 Operatable in both oil and in dry
 The maximum attained speed varies from 1800 to 5500 RPM

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SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENGINEERING: ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM
 Design modifications and assembly customization can be made in easy ways
3.3 System Operational Requirements
The system should be kept in relatively cold environment in manner to satisfy the
requirements and needs of the braking system of the vehicles at the high and slow speeds.
The cool environment will allow the heat dissipation in efficient manner and will manage to
eliminate the identified issues in the friction brakes. The developed system is applicable in
the oil or dry medium and will be capable of fulfilling the needs and requirements of the
vehicles in the establishment of an effective and efficient braking management system. A
12V power supply will be needed to build effective flux for the management of the braking
teeth and assuring that the mechanical torque is being produced that can restrict the vehicle
speed to zero meter per second. The materials being utilized should be capable enough to
manage the load generated by the braking system after brakes are applied.
3.4 System Maintenance and Support
The proposed system will last longer than other friction brakes before the
maintenance is required for the brakes. The brake fade problems can be efficiently eliminated
through the establishment of the electromagnetic braking system as proposed in the above
report. The proposed system will eliminate the problems of oiling and repairing of the drum
brakes and the efficient management of the heat dissipation (Lakshmi, Kanwar and Priya
2017). It can be installed in very easy way without the additional requirement of the cooling
system that can be operated with the help of a small power source (Totala et al. 2015).
Radiation and convection will be the two major methods through which the dissipated heat
can be extracted whenever the brakes are applied. The proposed system will be helpful in
supporting the secured environment for the vehicles on the roads through providing clutch
and control over the brakes in manner to stop the vehicles within very short instance.

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SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENGINEERING: ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM
4. EVALUATION
The system should be capable of delivering the expected deliveries under the expected
circumstances in manner to make it applicable for the real life assuring that the project
secured and comfortable enough for the public use. The compatibility, efficiency,
effectiveness, and reliability will be factors those could be analysed for the delivery of the
necessary project output. The project will be compatible for the two wheelers, four wheelers,
trucks, and other large vehicles and allowing them to accomplish the operational activity
related to the braking and slowing speed of the vehicles. The project will be effective and
efficient enough for the long run and maintenance in future for managing the braking system
in an efficient and effective manner. The proposed electromagnetic braking system will be
highly reliable as it will be strong enough to manage the load being transferred or handled
while pressing brakes of the vehicles.
4.1 Technical Performance Measures
Technical
Performance Measure
Quantitative
requirement
Current
Benchmark (drum
brakes)
Relative
Importance
Processing time Instant Instant but higher
than electromagnetic
brakes as compared
in high speed
35
Static torque 20 to 2600 lb-ft 20 to 2600 lb-ft 25
Maximum RPM 1800 to 5500 1800 to 5500 RPM
but with high
response time
10
Weight 4,5 kg Proportional to the 6

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SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENGINEERING: ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM
weight of the car
with some factors
Operating Medium Oil and Dry Oil 14
Modifications and
customization
Easy availability Easy not available 7
Diameter 2.8 to 9.6” variable 7
Length 1.4 to 6.5” variable 6
Total 100
4.2 System Trade off Analysis
The weight and dimension of the electromagnetic braking system can be increased in
manner to enhance the heat dissipation and allowing the brake to be efficient enough while
applied on moving high speed on the roads (Sharma, Dhingra and Pathak 2015).
Compromising the dimension will allow to extract the heat in far efficient way and allowing
the radiation and convection transfer in far better way.
4.3 Functional Analysis and Allocation
The proposed system can be installed in the small and big truck like vehicles for the
brake management using the electromagnetic principle. A small power source can be utilized
for supplying the enough power for the electromagnetic section of the braking system that
will alternatively transfer the power to the mechanical section as demonstrated in the above
report for generating enough torque for stopping the vehicle (Valder et al. 2017). The
produced torque will be high enough to instantly stop the vehicle at its high speed through
transferring the kinetic energy into heat energy and thereafter, dissipate in the external
environment and thus, cancelling the stored energy to the value zero. The heat release
through radiation and convection will be playing very crucial role in manner to manage the
efficiency of the electromagnetic braking system (Lostada et al. 2016). The size of the project

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SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENGINEERING: ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM
will not be very large and hence, its compact size allow its compatibility with the every
available vehicle in manner to assure that the developed project is applicable in every
possible vehicles. Considering the heat release the discs being implemented will have certain
holes and of enough large size that can allow the driver to stop the vehicle at the same
instance whenever required (Rodrigues et al. 2016). The system will have to extract
converted heat energy and hence it could be installed in the cooler place in manner to make
sure that the heat released is effective enough to transfer the entire collected or transformed
energy.
5. CONCLUSION
The information and data provided in the above report can be helpful and efficient in
understanding the nature and application of the electromagnetic braking system. The
technical aspects proposed in above report explains how the proposed project can be an
innovative approach in restricting the accidents through proposing a sophisticated model that
can allow the drivers to stop the vehicles at the same instance. The technical approaches are
capable enough for allowing the system to be compatible enough for the management of the
braking system. The project can be deployed within the real world for the efficient and
effective management of the brakes in manner to assure that the individuals utilizing or
travelling the vehicles would be capable of managing the security and comfort of the
individuals sitting in the vehicles. The above report explained the background, scope, and
objective of the proposed project considering the deployment of the project in the real world.
The point of concern for the development of this project is to manage the braking system in
an efficient way and allowing the consumers to avail high comfort and security while
travelling via any vehicle.

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SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENGINEERING: ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM
6. Bibliography
Kun, T. and Ren, H., 2016. Applied Analysis on Electromagnetic Braking in the Vehicle
Braking Energy Recovery. Journal of Mechanical Transmission, 5, pp.151-155.
Lakshmi, N.D., Kanwar, D.P. and Priya, S.L., 2017. Energy Efficient Electric Vehicle Using
Regenerative Braking System. International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and
Innovations in Technology, 3, p.155.
Lin, M., Wang, L., Cao, W., Ma, B. and Cai, P., 2016. A Simulation Study of the Design and
Development of Vehicles Regenerative Braking System. International Journal of
Simulation--Systems, Science & Technology, 17(38).
Lostado, R., Roldán, P.V., Martinez, R.F. and Mac Donald, B.J., 2016. Design and
optimization of an electromagnetic servo braking system combining finite element analysis
and weight-based multi-objective genetic algorithms. Journal of Mechanical Science and
Technology, 30(8), pp.3591-3605.
Luo, L., Zhai, Q., Li, W., Qian, C. and Liu, H., 2017. Research on an integrated
electromagnetic auxiliary disc brake device for motor vehicle. IEEJ Transactions on
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 12(3), pp.434-439.
NTARK Research 2015. [online] Nti.com.au. Available at:
https://www.nti.com.au/files/files/NTARC/2015_Major_Accident_Investigation_LR.pdf
[Accessed 18 Aug. 2018].
Prajapati, K., Vibhandik, R., Baria, D. and Patel, Y., 2017. Electromagnetic Braking
System. International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering (IJSRE) Vol, 1(3).

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SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENGINEERING: ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM
Rodrigues, O., Taskar, O., Clemente, S.S.H. and Dalvi, G., 2016. Design & fabrication of
eddy current braking system. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol, 3(4), pp.809-815.
Saadha, A., Aravind, C.V., Krishna, P. and Azhar, F., 2017, December. Electromagnetic
design analysis of single layered linear switching machine with fixed DC excitation for rail
brake systems. In Research and Development (SCOReD), 2017 IEEE 15th Student
Conference on (pp. 371-376). IEEE.
Sharma, R.C., Dhingra, M. and Pathak, R.K., 2015. Braking systems in railway
vehicles. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 4(1), pp.206-211.
Totala, N.B., Bhosle, P., Jarhad, S., Jadhav, S. and Kuchekar, K., 2015, April.
Electromagnetic Braking System. In National Conference on Innovations in Mechanical
Engineering (Vol. 6, p. 8).
Tripathy, A., Chandra, H. and Bhargava, R., 2017. Development of Electro-Magnetic Anti-
Lock Brake System: An Idea. Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications, 4(3),
pp.18-23.
Valder, J., Naik, V., Ahmed, Z., Ghorpade, V. and Ahmed, D., 2017. Design and Fabrication
of Magnetic Braking System. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, 7(4),
pp.116-118.
Yang, J., Zhao, C., Wang, J., Yao, D. and Bai, Y., 2016. The reliability assessment of the
electromagnetic valve of high-speed electric multiple units braking system based on two-
parameter exponential distribution. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 8(7),
p.1687814016654632.
Zheng, Z. and Wangping, J., 2013. Electromagnetic Brake System. China Educational
Technology & Equipment, 24, p.058.