Annotated Literature Review on Electronic Medical Record Innovation

This report presents an annotated literature review focusing on the implementation and impact of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) within the healthcare landscape. The review examines multiple research articles to analyze the benefits of EMRs, such as improved patient safety, enhanced efficiency, and better organization of patient data compared to traditional paper-based records. The analysis covers various aspects including the use of EMRs to manage severe illnesses, encourage government-supported 'meaningful use' standards, and facilitate the exchange of health information electronically to improve the quality of care. The review explores the application of EMRs, considering factors such as patient acceptance, data visualization, and the integration of artificial intelligence. The studies reviewed highlight the importance of EMRs as a crucial innovation for health development, empowering physicians with comprehensive medical records and improving overall healthcare practices. The report also discusses challenges and potential barriers, providing a comprehensive overview of EMR implementation in healthcare.

Running head: ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD FOR HEALTH INNOVATION
ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD FOR HEALTH INNOVATION
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

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ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD FOR HEALTH INNOVATION
Introduction
Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are a major investment over documented
records. They help health experts to utilize patients’ charts in a better organized in
comparison to documented records, remove illegible handwriting and store more information
(Van Driest, Wells and Stallings et al., 2016). EMRs are identified as one of the most
effective ways of amplifying patient safety manage severe illnesses. EMRs improve the
effectiveness of a practice. Additionally, the use of EMR has been encouraged by the federal
government through the release of its ‘meaningful use’ standards (Ford, Carroll &Smith et
al., 2016). The EMR technology allows caregivers similar complete health information for
the patient to receive safe and collaborated care. The ultimate goal of EMR relies on having
"the ability to exchange health information electronically. It also provides suppliers a highly
efficient way of delivering high quality as well as safer care while generating concrete
improvements in lieu of their healthcare organization.
Google scholar was used as the database where search terms were entered to attain relevant
articles. Search terms are ‘EMR’, ‘Electronic Medical Record’, ‘Electronic Health Record’,
and “health innovation ’, ‘health information technology ’, ‘innovation theory’, ‘health care
data ‘(Greenhalgh, 2015).

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Authors Name of Article Journal Name
and Details
Critical Analysis Key Learnings
Wolff, Darer &
Berger et al.
(2017)
Inviting patients
and care partners
to read doctors’
notes: Open Notes
and shared access
to electronic
medical records
Journal of the
American
Medical
Informatics
Association
The article has critically evaluated the
suitability and impacts of distributing
physician’s visit documentations on
electronic database. These databases are
used for patients as well as care partners
with sanctioned accessibility to patients’
electronic medical records. Wolff, Darer
and Berger et al. (2017) conducted
survey at baseline. After a year with
exposure to OpenNotes of both adult
patients and care, associates have
observed that both the participants had
improved consent regarding patient
treatment methods along with highly
efficient discussions related to the care,
The article includes information that
OpenNotes has been referred as movement.
This movement has been acknowledging
clear and innovative developments with the
objectives of enhancing interaction and
involving patients in proactive approach in
care. The article can be considered to be
appropriate as it explores that OpenNotes as
a digital movement. It shows stimulating
transparency with innovative change and
offering OpenNotes via shared accessibility
to EMR. This innovation will better support
as well as involve patients as well as families
in care thus improving health innovation.

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ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD FOR HEALTH INNOVATION
which has been provided. The article
critically discusses that care patients
showed higher likelihood of accessing
and utilizing patient portal functionality.
It further showed enhanced
communication with patients as well as
care partners’ contact to physicians’
notes.
Zhang, Y & Yan
et al., (2015)
Using diffusion
of innovation
theory to
understand the
factors
impacting
patient
acceptance and
use of consumer
BMC health
services research
The fundamental purpose of this
article is to analyse the issues, which
has been affecting patients’ approval
as well as usage of consumer e-
health innovations. Zhang, Y and
Yan et al. (2015) by deriving
insights from previous articles have
noted that in the next decade, the e-
communication of health
The article includes meta-analysis of 15
articles, which have revealed that supposed
efficiency has been constructively related to
clients’ intention of utilizing web-based
tools. Additionally, the article has extracted a
new range of information from computer-log
documentations by including longitudinal
view in this research. Furthermore, with an
aim of elevating the scientific value with
generalizability, the article has incorporated

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e-health
innovations: a
case study in a
primary care
clinic.
information is likely to encompass
over 90% of clients. Moreover, care
providers with more than 50% of
them will have the competence of
proactively contact and use EMR to
deal with health and interact with
health systems.
innovation diffusion theory. This theory acts
as a hypothetical perspective in order to
evaluate the effect of aspects based on patient
approaches towards recognition or rejection
of e-appointment provisions. The article is
appropriate, as it has used qualitative
thematic analysis with coding through
Microsoft Excel to evaluate computer log
data.
On the other hand, Zhang, Y and Yan et al.
(2015) have revealed that e-appointment
services failed to offer patients with any
addition value-adding facilities related to the
admission to patients’ electronic health
records. As a result, there has been almost no
significance for customers to use e-
appointment services.

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ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD FOR HEALTH INNOVATION
West, Borland
& Hammond,
(2015)
Innovative
information
visualization of
electronic health
record data: a
systematic
review.
Journal of the
American
Medical
Informatics
Association
The primary agenda of the article
relied on exploring the use of
visualization methods reported in the
period from 1996 to 2013. West,
Borland and Hammond (2015) have
critically evaluated innovative
methods to information visualization
of Electronic health records data for
knowledge discovery. By drawing
insights from other resources, it has
revealed that longitudinal data from
EHRs showed innovative
visualization methods constitutes of
significant capacity of exploring
effectual information in the data.
West, Borland and Hammond (2015) have
discussed that prior to the extensive
acceptance of e-health data record; there has
been minimal attention on the use of complex
datasets. The article contends that EMR data
essentially acts as an innovative kind of data.
This kind of data requires new visualization
systems than providing graphs as well as
charts to accommodate the magnitude of the
dataset. By conducting literature review from
the two databases, MEDLINE and Web of
Knowledge, it has been revealed that most
effective system is LifeLines and its
applications like LifeLines2, EventFlow, and
LifeFlow. Moreover, the article reveals that
while there is enriching attention on
visualisation of EHR, limited methods have

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ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD FOR HEALTH INNOVATION
been discovered to effectively as well as
proficiently reveal significant and intricate
information in EHRs.
Fritz, Tilahun &
Dugas, (2015)
Success criteria
for electronic
medical record
implementations
in low-resource
settings: a
systematic
review.
Journal of the
American
Medical
Informatics
Association
Article written by Fritz, Tilahun and
Dugas (2015) critically analyses that
several low-income nations discuss
the issue of being unable to offer
adequate health care provisions of
high-quality to their citizens. Thus,
they tend to suffer from major
challenges of chronic illnesses.
Article reveals that EMR systems
have great capacity of augmenting
clinical practices by offering
accurate information at the correct
moment to relevant population. It
By conducting systematic literature review,
this article identifies as well as gathers
literature regarding success criteria of using
EMR in low-resource settings as well as to
condense them into suggestions. In addition
to this, they collected 381 success criteria
with around 229 measurements from
approximately 47 articles from around 223
articles on African nations. The results of the
collection revealed that half of the EMR
systems have served particular illness area
such as HIV. While major proportion of the
criteria has been followed by organizational
problems with technical systems. The article

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ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD FOR HEALTH INNOVATION
consequently generating efficient use
of resources.
has provided accurate information by using
Brender et al’s outsized Delphi study. The
study explored that primary criteria for the
success of EMR relied on the functionality of
the applied system. It also established that
monetary factors have been found to be
within the least criteria, while it appeared to
be vital factor while analysing health
innovation extent in low-resource settings.
Lastly, the article concludes that number of
EMR used in low income nations have
depended on donors based EMRs owing to
particular situation of having limited
resources or remaining at initial stage of
using EMR system technology.
Pesapane,
Codari &
Artificial
intelligence in
European
radiology
The article has offered rudimentary
explanations of terms like machine
Pesapane, Codari and Sardanelli (2018)
comprehensively discusses the capacity of AI

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ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD FOR HEALTH INNOVATION
Sardanelli,
(2018)
medical
imaging: threat
or opportunity?
Radiologists
again at the
forefront of
innovation in
medicine.
experimental learning and evaluations of the
incorporation of AI into radiology.
Through literature review, Pesapane,
Codari and Sardanelli (2018) have
revealed that with abundant
information and use of AI, they have
identified human understanding.
They have also found that radiology
has been shifting from a subjective
perceptual ability to more objective
science. Thus, radiologists
remaining at the forefront of the
digital domain in healthcare will be
able to direct the introduction of AI
into healthcare innovation.
to replace number of routine discovery,
categorization and quantification tasks which
are presently achieved by radiologists to
attain the incorporation of data mining of
EMR in the process. By delving into insights
from previous research, it has been noted that
while the methods of AI draws divergence
from the diagnosis to prognosis. Also its
major applications tend to require proper
validation. Such validation must encounter
the substantial amount of data, required
attaining strong results. However, the article
can be considered as an appropriate resource
for understanding implementation of AI in
improving healthcare innovation.
It draws conclusion by stating that radiologist
must use AI to obtain awareness of the in-
depth particulars of these systems. It should

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ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD FOR HEALTH INNOVATION
acquire the technical vocabulary utilized by
data scientists to communicate with them.
Azaria, Ekblaw
& Vieira et al.,
(2016)
Medrec: Using
blockchain for
medical data
access and
permission
management.
In 2016 2nd
International
Conference on
Open and Big
Data (OBD)
The fundamental aim of the article is
to suggest that MedRec is a novel
decentralized record management
system. It deals with EMRs. By
deriving insights from MedRec
blockchain usage four vital issues
have been highlighted uneven, slow
admission to medical information,
patient agency with enhanced data
excellence. The article has used
Ethereum’s smooth agreements to
generate intelligent demonstrations
of current medical records that are
stored within individual nodules on
The article includes explicit information as it
constructs the agreements in order to
comprise of metadata about the record
possession, authorizations and data integrity.
By using summary contract (SC) Azaria,
Ekblaw and Vieira et al. (2016) have
conducted breadcrumb trail for its
participants in the system. This has led to
discover their medical record history. The
article comprehensively discusses that
platform allows the development of data
economics, corresponding demand as well as
supply between data producers as well as
consumers. The article concludes by
illustrating an innovative method for

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the network. handling medical records, delivering
auditability, interoperability and
approachability via an inclusive log.

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Conclusion
The chosen innovation is important for healthcare development as it leads to
accessibility to patients’ comprehensive medical record thus empowering the physician
conduct to better apprehend patients’ medical record. Moreover, EMRs as an innovation can
direct providers with improved efficiency along with work life balance. The five articles apart
from the article, “Artificial intelligence in medical imaging: threat or opportunity?
Radiologists again at the forefront of innovation in medicine” by Pesapane and others have
shed light on the effectiveness of using EMR in healthcare domain to improve healthcare
practices.

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References
Azaria, A., Ekblaw, A., Vieira, T., & Lippman, A. (2016, August). Medrec: Using blockchain
for medical data access and permission management. In 2016 2nd International
Conference on Open and Big Data (OBD) (pp. 25-30). IEEE. DOI
10.1109/OBD.2016.11
Ford, E., Carroll, J. A., Smith, H. E., Scott, D., & Cassell, J. A. (2016). Extracting
information from the text of electronic medical records to improve case detection: a
systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 23(5),
1007-1015. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv180
Fritz, F., Tilahun, B., & Dugas, M. (2015). Success criteria for electronic medical record
implementations in low-resource settings: a systematic review. Journal of the
American Medical Informatics Association, 22(2), 479-488.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocu038
Greenhalgh, T. (2015). How to read a paper: The basics of evidence-based
medicine. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media. Retrieved from:
https://books.google.co.in/books?
id=IHuGDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=How+to+read+a+paper:
+The+basics+of+evidence-
based+medicine&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiU6fvorPvnAhUMSX0KHexPCDIQ
6AEIOjAC
Pesapane, F., Codari, M., & Sardanelli, F. (2018). Artificial intelligence in medical imaging:
threat or opportunity? Radiologists again at the forefront of innovation in
medicine. European radiology experimental, 2(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41747-
018-0061-6

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Van Driest, S. L., Wells, Q. S., Stallings, S., Bush, W. S., Gordon, A., Nickerson, D. A., ... &
Ralston, J. D. (2016). Association of arrhythmia-related genetic variants with
phenotypes documented in electronic medical records. Jama, 315(1), 47-57.
West, V. L., Borland, D., & Hammond, W. E. (2015). Innovative information visualization of
electronic health record data: a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical
Informatics Association, 22(2), 330-339. https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2014-
002955
Wolff, J. L., Darer, J. D., Berger, A., Clarke, D., Green, J. A., Stametz, R. A., ... & Walker, J.
(2017). Inviting patients and care partners to read doctors’ notes: OpenNotes and
shared access to electronic medical records. Journal of the American Medical
Informatics Association, 24(e1), e166-e172. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocw108
Zhang, X., Yu, P., Yan, J., & Spil, I. T. A. (2015). Using diffusion of innovation theory to
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