ITEC832 Application Integration Assignment: EMR Analysis

This document provides a comprehensive analysis of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) as part of an ITEC832 assignment. The assignment addresses the difficulties in building EMR systems, considering management, organizational, and technological factors. It identifies the most challenging stages of system-building and explores the business and social benefits of digitizing medical records for various stakeholders, including physicians, hospitals, insurers, and patients. The solution includes diagrams of the "As-Is" and "To-Be" processes for ordering pathology tests, illustrating the impact of EMR implementation. The document also covers the hospital procurement process, detailing issues like resource overutilization and time consumption, proposing improvements through process redesign, and highlighting the benefits of automation and improved communication within healthcare systems. References to key concepts and relevant literature, such as Weske (2015) and Laudon & Laudon (2011), are also included.

Individual Assignment one – Hospital Procurement Process Model.
1. The diagram below showing “AS-IS” Process of Hospital Procurement Process Model

2.
Problem.
There are tasks which are not needed and too many gateway.
Difficult to understand the semantics of the diagram.
Cost
Over Utilization of resources.
Sending and receiving is not important
Wastage.
Time a lot of time is
Time of processing activities.
Waiting time of every process.
As from diagram email all order has the time consumed and cost followed by Enter
received items all this is wastage and they should be removed if you are to redesign.

3. The figure below showing ‘To Be diagram’of E-procurement process.
a. Remove some tasks and Optimizing of resources.
b. Remove activities which are not important.

Individual Assignment TWO – Electronic Medical Records.
1. Fragmented Process Knowledge.
Process are allocated to specialists if experts are not available it means no activities
cannot take place.
Specialist have domain understating of all process this makes process not to proceed if an
expert is not available all process are at stand still.
It is difficult to understand different expert and that makes them difficult to work
together. Everyone Views a problem in his/her own angle and they make different
decision.
Domain Expert think on instance level.
Expert take decision basing on case. Expert suggests that you cannot generalize issues.
Knowledge of Process Modelling is uncommon.
Modeling language is not known by every expert SO they need training.
Incomplete requirements specification.
Lack of appropriate development methodology.
Poor decomposition of design into manageable components.
2. Process Identification.
According to Weske(2015) explained that process identification is the first step of
developing a system and a lot of time is required during this stage to plan and identify all
is going to be required during design.
Here you need to include all stakeholder.
Process Discovery.
It is a process of collecting information of activities of organization it is known as-is
process.
Collection of Information it is difficult to carry out and takes a lot of time.
Process Analysis.
During analysis a lot of time is spend because every case is looked in details and issues
are prioritized according to its effect .This delay designing process.
Process Redesign.
Changes is difficult to be accepted because people can refuse to change because they
prefer some way of working.
Change can transform the whole system and this makes it expensive.
It is to-be model.
Process Implementation.
After redesign there is need to train people to adopt new changes and get used to them
and to automate the system.
There is need to transform as-is process to the to-be process
Process Monitoring and Controlling.

3. Improves on quality of treatment.
All process are automated, this save time and improves on efficiency.
Improves communication between health workers.
Most communication is done on system a doctor can easy send a message to pharmacy to
order drugs prescribed.
Easy access of patient data and response.
Most data of patient are inserted on one system as compared to manual file system where
you spend a lot of time searching for it here it is a matter of click on search and type
name of patient you want and all data about patient will be displayed.
Improves data integrity.
Patient Data cannot changed and shared by another patient because all health worker
have passwords and login details of all transactions are saved on system.
Improves security of data.
Patients’ data cannot be accessed by people who are not supposed to access it because it
is safe.
Systems allows backup and recovery services in case it is loosed.
Patient data is very delicate and it is protected from external damage like rain, rats and
physical damage of people.
Improves Patient treatment Outcomes.
Patients are involved during diagnosing process they can tell what they are suffering
from.
Improves data consistency due to flow of information is accurate and fast information
cannot be changed.

4. The diagram below showing “AS-IS” Process of ordering a pathology test for a patient treated by
a local doctor.

5. The diagram below showing “AS-IS” Process of ordering a pathology test for a patient treated by
a local doctor.
To AS TO BE design is more efficient because more resources are employed .There are two
pathology tests done, one done at local hospital and another one at hospital where a patient is

admitted this means there will be accuracy of results thus diagnosing will be accurate because a
doctor will base on his/her diagnosing result and those of a doctor at local hospital.
References.
Weske, M.(2015).Business Process Management. Concepts, Languages, Architectures. Springer.
Laudon, K and Laudon, J, “Management Information Systems”, 12e, 2011, Pearson, pp 546-548.