Electronics Project: Wireless Health Monitoring Bracelet for Airlines

This project report details the design and implementation of a wireless health monitoring bracelet using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The bracelet incorporates sensors to measure vital signs, including pulse, temperature, and blood pressure, with the goal of providing real-time health monitoring. The methodology involves the use of Arduino, LM-35 temperature sensor, and Sunrom-1437 blood pressure sensor, with C language for programming. The system transmits data wirelessly, and includes a controlling unit for alarm activation based on predefined normal ranges. The report details the implementation, results, and conclusion, emphasizing the bracelet's potential for early detection of health issues and its cost-effectiveness, especially in scenarios like airline health monitoring. The project also discusses the technical aspects of the sensors, data processing, and wireless communication using Wi-Fi, along with the future scope of adding additional parameters and interfaces.

Electronics
New Product Project
Student Name –
Student ID -

Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................2
Methodology.........................................................................................................................................3
Implementation.....................................................................................................................................3
Results...................................................................................................................................................4
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................5

Introduction
The project is based on a bracelet which can monitor and check 3 important signs to identify
most of the common medical cases. The 3 vital signs are – pulse, temperature and blood
pressure. It can help to prevent the aircraft from making any diversions or any delay in the
flights. The bracelet consists of a heart pulse sensor which can detect the heart beat. If the
pulse goes above the normal value , then an alert is obtained inside the flight for the cabin
crew. It can help to detect any medical cases before the flight and save huge costs because
any type of diversion or an emergency landing is very expensive for an airline.
Today, the devices can be connected to one another and can be controlled by using the
internet. The health monitoring system is a very significant application of the same. The
various parameters of a person ( like pulse rate, temperature and blood pressure) can be read
by the help of sensor connected to the person by the help of a bracelet. If any parameter goes
out of the safe range for an individual , then an alarm can be raised by using the Arduino
microcontroller to detect an unhealthy state.
Methodology
Arduino Uno microcontroller consists of a development board. For programming , C
language can be used. It is open source system. Microcontroller Atmega 328 has a clock
speed of 16 MHz. The input voltage range which can be provided is 7 – 12 V. There are 14
digital input / output ( I / O ) pins and 6 analog input pins. A 2 kB SRAM and 1 kB EEPROM
is provided. C language is the easiest for programming the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The
LM – 35 temperature sensor can be used. The output voltage is directly proportional to the

temperature value ( in Centigrade ). The DC supply needed for it is in the range of 4 to 20 V.
The change per degree Celsius obtained is 10 mV. The series LM 35 consists of precision
temperature device ( Integrated Circuit ). The blood pressure sensor which can be used is
Sunrom – 1437 blood pressure sensor. It is capable of providing the serial reading for the
systolic, diastolic and the pulse.
The baud rate used is 9600. There are 3 terminals present in the device. They are +Vcc ,
GND and a serial output. There are 2 major parts in the system. They are : the bracelet and a
controlling unit.
Block diagram of system :
Bracelet --- Arduino Uno --- Output
Block diagram of bracelet :
T sensor ----
BP Sensor ----
The smart bracelet consists of 2 sensors. The temperature sensor ( LM 35 ) provides an
analog output voltage. The output voltage obtained varies as 10 mV/degree C. This analog
output voltage can be converted into a digital signal by using an ADC which is internally
present in the Arduino microcontroller. The digital output obtained represents the temperature
in degree Celsius. This temperature can be converted to degree Farenheit using the formula :
F = ( C * 9 / 5 ) + 32
The Arduino Uno microcontroller will process this data and send to receiving end. The blood
pressure sensor ( SUN ROM – 1437 ) provides digital output ( in serial form ) to the Arduino
Uno microcontroller at a baud rate of 9600. The output is in the form : Systolic , Diastolic,

Pulse ( Frame ). The Arduino Uno microcontroller transmits this frame of data by using Wi –
Fi and also activates a buzzer if the parameters go beyond the normal range defined.
The Controlling Unit helps to raise alarm if the parameters are above or below the normal
values. The LM35 gives an output voltage which is connected to pin A0 of Arduino Uno
microcontroller. This data is converted from analog to digital format that gives the value in
degree Celsius. This value is converted to degree Farenheit by using C program for the
microcontroller. The blood pressure sensor ( 1437 ) provides a serial output to the pin no. 10
of Arduino Uno microcontroller. The baud rate is 9600. The output provides sys, dia and Pul.
The values can be extracted for further use by a C program. This data extracted can be
propagated using Wi – Fi and any action for alarm or buzzer can be taken accordingly.
Implementation
A heartbeat sensor is a device that is used for measuring the heart rate of a person that gives
the heart’s beating speed. For maintaining the health of a person, certain parameters need to
be monitored like body temperature, heart rate as well as the blood pressure. For measuring
the body temperature, the thermometer can be used and for monitoring the blood pressure or
arterial pressure, a sphygmomanometer can be used. There are 2 ways for monitoring the
heart rate – One way is checking the pulse manually at the neck or the wrist. Another method
is by using a heart beat sensor. Many methods are present for measuring the heart rate.
Electrocardiography is the most precise of them. A heartbeat sensor can also be used. It is
available in various sizes and shapes and measures the heartbeat instantly. It can be used in a
wrist watch, a bracelet or a smart phone. The unit for measuring the heartbeat is beats per
minute ( bpm ). It provides the no. of times the heart contracts or expands in 1 minute.

A heartbeat sensor works on the principle of photoplethysmograph. The principle states that
any change in the volume of blood in the organ can be determined by the changes seen in
intensity of the light passing through that organ. The light source used for the heartbeat
sensor can be IRLED and for detection, a photodetector can be used ( e.g. photodiode, Light
dependent resistor-LDR , a phototransistor). The light source is a transmissive sensor and a
detector is a reflective sensor . At every heartbeat, the amount of blood in the hand changes
and light from IRLED which passes through the hand also changes. So, the photo diode also
detects the altered light intensity.
Results
The system has been designed in a way such that the status of various parameters can be
monitored in a remote fashion also. The sensors can be used to measure the parameters and
the readings can be taken and provided to the microcontroller. The readings can also be
displayed using a display device like LCD. The data can be transmitted using a wireless
system. The receiving end can receive this data and specific action may be taken. Today, the
efficient use of the available technology can be done for designing systems that ease the
various services. If a patient goes to a doctor, the significant signs that are generally
monitored by the doctor include the body temperature, blood pressure and the heartbeat . The
heart rate must 72 bpm for a normal person of age more than or equal to 18 years.
Bradycardia refers to the condition when heart rate is less than the normal value and
tachycardia is the condition when it is more than the normal value. The body temperature that
is considered to be normal is 37 degree Celsius ( or 98.6 degree F ) . The different types of
temperature sensors available are thermocouples, thermistors, resistance temperature
Detectors ( RTD ) and integrated Circuit ( IC ) sensors. If Bluetooth technology is used for

wireless data transmission, then the range is very less. A smart bracelet ( wearable ) can help
to monitor the health of a person. The data can be read from the sensor and can be transmitted
towards the server by a network.
The Pulse is given a value of True if the heartbeat is detected by Arduino else it is false. The
array rate [ 10 ] holds the last 10 values of IBI. A Pin is used to blink with the heart beat. If
QS ( Quantified self ) is true, a heart beat is found. Also, ESP8266 is used for Wifi. The
minimum and the maximum values are set for the sensors.
Conclusion
A wireless heartbeat and temperature monitoring system can be designed on the basis of
Arduino Uno microcontroller ( Atmega 328 ).
The various parts of the system are sensing the data, processing the data and communicating
the data. Hence, the system used for the monitor and control of various health parameters has
been designed successfully. The major advantage of this system is that it is not expensive.
A bracelet provides a portable system which is easy to use and carry by a person ( it can be
placed on the wrist of the person ). The sensors must be attached to the bracelet which makes
it wearable on the wrist as well as provides flexibility to the system. The system consists of
various components like various sensors, an alarm, a microcontroller and a Wi – Fi module
for connectivity. This device or system can help in monitoring the heart beat rate, temperature
and the blood pressure. If the parameters measured go out of the normal range, then an alarm
must be raised to identify that the person is unhealthy. This monitor and control system is

capable of collecting the pulse rate, temperature and blood pressure. A buzzer can also be
used to raise an alarm in case of any abnormality observed.
In Future, other parameters can also be added to the system. The system can be interfaced to
a PC ( by a serial output) where data can be sent for further analysis. Appropriate warning
system can be attached. Output can be propagated to mobile phones also ( by using GSM
module ).